目錄

Contents

第一篇 開(kāi)啟全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化國家新征程

Part I A New Journey Towards a Modern Socialist Country

第一章 發(fā)展環(huán)境

Chapter 1 Development Environment

第二章 指導方針

Chapter 2 Guidelines

第三章 主要目標

Chapter 3 Main Objectives

第二篇 堅持創(chuàng )新驅動(dòng)發(fā)展 全面塑造發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢

Part II Innovation-Driven Development to Build New Strengths

第四章 強化國家戰略科技力量

Chapter 4 A Strategic Vision for Building Strength in Science and Technology

第五章 提升企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng )新能力

Chapter 5 Technological Innovation Capability of Enterprises

第六章 激發(fā)人才創(chuàng )新活力

Chapter 6 Creativity and Talent Development

第七章 完善科技創(chuàng )新體制機制

Chapter 7 Mechanisms for Scientific and Technological Innovation

第三篇 加快發(fā)展現代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系 鞏固壯大實(shí)體經(jīng)濟根基

Part III Industrial Modernization and the Foundation of Real Economy

第八章 深入實(shí)施制造強國戰略

Chapter 8 Strengthening Manufacturing

第九章 發(fā)展壯大戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)

Chapter 9 Emerging Industries of Strategic Importance

第十章 促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展

Chapter 10 Development of the Service Sector

第十一章 建設現代化基礎設施體系

Chapter 11 Modern Infrastructure

第四篇 形成強大國內市場(chǎng) 構建新發(fā)展格局

Part IV A Robust Domestic Market and a New Development Paradigm

第十二章 暢通國內大循環(huán)

Chapter 12 Greater Domestic Circulation

第十三章 促進(jìn)國內國際雙循環(huán)

Chapter 13 Domestic and International Circulation

第十四章 加快培育完整內需體系

Chapter 14 Strategies to Boost Domestic Demand

第五篇 加快數字化發(fā)展 建設數字中國

Part V An Initiative to Build a Digital China

第十五章 打造數字經(jīng)濟新優(yōu)勢

Chapter 15 Pole Position in the Digital Economy

第十六章 加快數字社會(huì )建設步伐

Chapter 16 A Digital Society

第十七章 提高數字政府建設水平

Chapter 17 Digital Government

第十八章 營(yíng)造良好數字生態(tài)

Chapter 18 A Healthy Digital Ecosystem

第六篇 全面深化改革 構建高水平社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟體制

Part VI Comprehensive and In-depth Reform to Develop a Well-functioning Socialist Market Economy

第十九章 激發(fā)各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體活力

Chapter 19 Market Dynamism

第二十章 建設高標準市場(chǎng)體系

Chapter 20 A Unified Market that Adheres to High Standards

第二十一章 建立現代財稅金融體制

Chapter 21 Fiscal Policy, Taxation, and the Financial System

第二十二章 提升政府經(jīng)濟治理能力

Chapter 22 The Government's Economic Governance Capacity

第七篇 堅持農業(yè)農村優(yōu)先發(fā)展 全面推進(jìn)鄉村振興

Part VII Agricultural and Rural Development and Rural Revitalization

第二十三章 提高農業(yè)質(zhì)量效益和競爭力

Chapter 23 Quality Issues and Competitiveness in the Agricultural Sector

第二十四章 實(shí)施鄉村建設行動(dòng)

Chapter 24 Rural Development Initiatives

第二十五章 健全城鄉融合發(fā)展體制機制

Chapter 25 Integrated Urban-Rural Development

第二十六章 實(shí)現鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果同鄉村振興有效銜接

Chapter 26 Rural Revitalization to Be Pursued by Building on Success in Poverty Alleviation

第八篇 完善新型城鎮化戰略 提升城鎮化發(fā)展質(zhì)量

Part VIII New Urbanization Strategy with a Focus on Quality Development

第二十七章 加快農業(yè)轉移人口市民化

Chapter 27 Urban Residency Status for Rural Residents

第二十八章 完善城鎮化空間布局

Chapter 28 Spatial Distribution of Urban Centers

第二十九章 全面提升城市品質(zhì)

Chapter 29 Quality of Urban Living

第九篇 優(yōu)化區域經(jīng)濟布局 促進(jìn)區域協(xié)調發(fā)展

Part IX Improving Regional Economic Structures and Promoting Coordinated Regional Development

第三十章 優(yōu)化國土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護格局

Chapter 30 Land Use Planning and Environmental Protection

第三十一章 深入實(shí)施區域重大戰略

Chapter 31 Major Regional Development Strategies

第三十二章 深入實(shí)施區域協(xié)調發(fā)展戰略

Chapter 32 Coordinated Regional Development Strategies

第三十三章 積極拓展海洋經(jīng)濟發(fā)展空間

Chapter 33 Development of the Marine Economy

第十篇 發(fā)展社會(huì )主義先進(jìn)文化 提升國家文化軟實(shí)力

Part X Socialist Cultural Development and China's Soft Power

第三十四章 提高社會(huì )文明程度

Chapter 34 Ethical Behavior

第三十五章 提升公共文化服務(wù)水平

Chapter 35 Public Cultural Services

第三十六章 健全現代文化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系

Chapter 36 Cultural Industries

第十一篇 推動(dòng)綠色發(fā)展 促進(jìn)人與自然和諧共生

Part XI Green Development and Harmonious Co-existence between Humanity and Nature

第三十七章 提升生態(tài)系統質(zhì)量和穩定性

Chapter 37 Improving the Ecosystem

第三十八章 持續改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量

Chapter 38 Continuous Environmental Improvement

第三十九章 加快發(fā)展方式綠色轉型

Chapter 39 Faster Transformation for Green Development

第十二篇 實(shí)行高水平對外開(kāi)放 開(kāi)拓合作共贏(yíng)新局面

Part XII Further Opening-up for Win-Win Cooperation

第四十章 建設更高水平開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟新體制

Chapter 40 A New Open Economy System

第四十一章 推動(dòng)共建"一帶一路"高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

Chapter 41 Joint Pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative

第四十二章 積極參與全球治理體系改革和建設

Chapter 42 Participating in the Reform and Development of the Global Governance System

第十三篇 提升國民素質(zhì) 促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展

Part XIII Promotion of Human Development

第四十三章 建設高質(zhì)量教育體系

Chapter 43 Quality Education for All

第四十四章 全面推進(jìn)健康中國建設

Chapter 44 A Healthy China

第四十五章 實(shí)施積極應對人口老齡化國家戰略

Chapter 45 A National Strategy in Response to Population Aging

第十四篇 增進(jìn)民生福祉 提升共建共治共享水平

Part XIV A Focus on the People's Wellbeing: a Participatory Approach

第四十六章 健全國家公共服務(wù)制度體系

Chapter 46 National Public Services

第四十七章 實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰略

Chapter 47 An Employment-First Strategy

第四十八章 優(yōu)化收入分配結構

Chapter 48 Improving the Income Distribution Structure

第四十九章 健全多層次社會(huì )保障體系

Chapter 49 A Multi-Tiered Social Security System

第五十章 保障婦女未成年人和殘疾人基本權益

Chapter 50 Basic Rights and Interests of Women, Children, and People with Disabilities

第五十一章 構建基層社會(huì )治理新格局

Chapter 51 Community-Level Participatory Governance

第十五篇 統籌發(fā)展和安全 建設更高水平的平安中國

Part XV An Integrated Approach to Development and Security

第五十二章 加強國家安全體系和能力建設

Chapter 52 National Security and Capacity-building

第五十三章 強化國家經(jīng)濟安全保障

Chapter 53 National Economic Security

第五十四章 全面提高公共安全保障能力

Chapter 54 Public Security

第五十五章 維護社會(huì )穩定和安全

Chapter 55 Social Stability and Security

第十六篇 加快國防和軍隊現代化 實(shí)現富國和強軍相統一

Part XVI Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces as We Build National Prosperity

第五十六章 提高國防和軍隊現代化質(zhì)量效益

Chapter 56 Modernization of National Defense and the Military

第五十七章 促進(jìn)國防實(shí)力和經(jīng)濟實(shí)力同步提升

Chapter 57 Strengthening National Defense in Tandem with Economic Growth

第十七篇 加強社會(huì )主義民主法治建設 健全黨和國家監督制度

Part XVII Socialist Democracy, the Rule of Law, and Party and State Oversight Mechanisms

第五十八章 發(fā)展社會(huì )主義民主

Chapter 58 Socialist Democracy

第五十九章 全面推進(jìn)依法治國

Chapter 59 Promotion of the Rule of Law

第六十章 完善黨和國家監督體系

Chapter 60 Party and State Oversight Mechanisms

第十八篇 堅持"一國兩制" 推進(jìn)祖國統一

Part XVIII The Principle of "One Country, Two Systems" and National Reunification

第六十一章 保持香港、澳門(mén)長(cháng)期繁榮穩定

Chapter 61 Lasting Prosperity and Stability in Hong Kong and Macao

第六十二章 推進(jìn)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展和祖國統一

Chapter 62 Peaceful Development of Cross-Straits Relations and National Reunification

第十九篇 加強規劃實(shí)施保障

Part XIX Implementation of This Plan

第六十三章 加強黨中央集中統一領(lǐng)導

Chapter 63 The Overall Leadership Role of the CPC Central Committee

第六十四章 健全統一規劃體系

Chapter 64 Unified Planning

第六十五章 完善規劃實(shí)施機制

Chapter 65 Mechanisms for Implementing This Plan

中華人民共和國國民經(jīng)濟和社會(huì )發(fā)展第十四個(gè)五年(2021-2025年)規劃和2035年遠景目標綱要,根據《中共中央關(guān)于制定國民經(jīng)濟和社會(huì )發(fā)展第十四個(gè)五年規劃和二〇三五年遠景目標的建議》編制,主要闡明國家戰略意圖,明確政府工作重點(diǎn),引導規范市場(chǎng)主體行為,是我國開(kāi)啟全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化國家新征程的宏偉藍圖,是全國各族人民共同的行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)。

The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and Vision 2035 of the People's Republic of China, compiled on the basis of the proposals of the CPC Central Committee for such a plan and vision, clarifies China's strategic intentions and the government's priorities, and guides market participants in their activities. It is a blueprint for China's new journey towards a socialist modern country and a joint action plan of the Chinese people.

第一篇 開(kāi)啟全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化國家新征程

Part I A New Journey Towards a Modern Socialist Country 

“十四五”時(shí)期是我國全面建成小康社會(huì )、實(shí)現第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標之后,乘勢而上開(kāi)啟全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化國家新征程、向第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標進(jìn)軍的第一個(gè)五年。

The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years during which China begins its march towards the second Centenary Goal of building a modern socialist country by building on the success of achieving the first Centenary Goal of building a moderately well-off society.

第一章 發(fā)展環(huán)境

Chapter 1 Development Environment

我國進(jìn)入新發(fā)展階段,發(fā)展基礎更加堅實(shí),發(fā)展條件深刻變化,進(jìn)一步發(fā)展面臨新的機遇和挑戰。

China has now entered a new stage of development on a stronger foundation, though profound changes have taken place in the conditions under which we pursue our development goals. We are facing new opportunities and challenges.

第一節 決勝全面建成小康社會(huì )取得決定性成就

I. A decisive victory in building a moderately well-off society 

“十三五”時(shí)期是全面建成小康社會(huì )決勝階段。面對錯綜復雜的國際形勢、艱巨繁重的國內改革發(fā)展穩定任務(wù)特別是新冠肺炎疫情嚴重沖擊,以習近平同志為核心的黨中央不忘初心、牢記使命,團結帶領(lǐng)全黨全國各族人民砥礪前行、開(kāi)拓創(chuàng )新,奮發(fā)有為推進(jìn)黨和國家各項事業(yè)。全面深化改革取得重大突破,全面依法治國取得重大進(jìn)展,全面從嚴治黨取得重大成果,國家治理體系和治理能力現代化加快推進(jìn),中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導和我國社會(huì )主義制度優(yōu)勢進(jìn)一步彰顯。

The 13th Five-Year Plan period was the decisive stage in building a moderately well-off society. In the face of the complicated international situation and formidable domestic issues related to advancing reforms and development while maintaining stability, particularly under the grave impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, has stayed true to the CPC’s original aspiration and kept the Party’s missions firmly in mind. It has united and led the entire Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to pioneer and forge ahead, and worked hard to advance various undertakings of the Party and the country. China has made major breakthroughs in deepening reforms in all areas, made substantial progress in law-based governance in all respects, and has achieved remarkable results in ensuring full and strict governance over the Party. China’s system and capacity for governance have been modernized at an accelerated pace. These achievements comprehensively demonstrate the strong leadership of the CPC and the institutional strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

經(jīng)濟運行總體平穩,經(jīng)濟結構持續優(yōu)化,國內生產(chǎn)總值突破100萬(wàn)億元。創(chuàng )新型國家建設成果豐碩,在載人航天、探月工程、深海工程、超級計算、量子信息、“復興號”高速列車(chē)、大飛機制造等領(lǐng)域取得一批重大科技成果。決戰脫貧攻堅取得全面勝利,5575萬(wàn)農村貧困人口實(shí)現脫貧,困擾中華民族幾千年的絕對貧困問(wèn)題得到歷史性解決,創(chuàng )造了人類(lèi)減貧史上的奇跡。農業(yè)現代化穩步推進(jìn),糧食年產(chǎn)量連續穩定在1.3萬(wàn)億斤以上。1億農業(yè)轉移人口和其他常住人口在城鎮落戶(hù)目標順利實(shí)現,區域重大戰略扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。污染防治力度加大,主要污染物排放總量減少目標超額完成,資源利用效率顯著(zhù)提升,生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯改善。金融風(fēng)險處置取得重要階段性成果。對外開(kāi)放持續擴大,共建“一帶一路”成果豐碩。人民生活水平顯著(zhù)提高,教育公平和質(zhì)量較大提升,高等教育進(jìn)入普及化階段,城鎮新增就業(yè)超過(guò)6000萬(wàn)人,建成世界上規模最大的社會(huì )保障體系,基本醫療保險覆蓋超過(guò)13億人,基本養老保險覆蓋近10億人,城鎮棚戶(hù)區住房改造開(kāi)工超過(guò)2300萬(wàn)套。新冠肺炎疫情防控取得重大戰略成果,應對突發(fā)事件能力和水平大幅提高。公共文化服務(wù)水平不斷提高,文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展。國防和軍隊建設水平大幅提升,軍隊組織形態(tài)實(shí)現重大變革。國家安全全面加強,社會(huì )保持和諧穩定。

Overall, China’s economy has performed stably and its structure has been consistently improved, with the country’s GDP now exceeding RMB 100 trillion. China has accomplished much towards becoming an innovative country and has made major advances in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, deep-sea engineering, supercomputing, quantum information, “Fuxing” high-speed trains, large aircraft manufacture, and other fields. We have attained a decisive victory in the fight against poverty and the rural poor residents, 55.75 million in total, have been lifted out of poverty. The problem of absolute poverty, which had plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years has been solved—a miracle in the history of mankind. Agricultural modernization has been steadily advanced, and the annual grain output has surpassed 650 million tons for several years. The goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people from rural areas and other permanent residents without local household registration has also been met. Solid steps have been taken to implement major regional development strategies. Pollution prevention and control efforts have been intensified, the target of reduction in the discharge of major pollutants has been exceeded, resources and energy have been used more efficiently, and there has been a notable improvement in the environment. Important progress has been made in addressing financial risks in this period. China has opened its door wider to the world, and the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has yielded fruitful results. The living standards of the Chinese people have increased significantly. Considerable headway was made in ensuring the provision of equitable, quality education. Higher education is becoming universal. Over 60 million urban jobs were added, and the world’s largest social security system was established. China’s basic medical insurance covers 1.3 billion people and its basic old-age insurance covers nearly 1 billion people. More than 23 million housing units in urban shanty towns have now been renovated. The country has had major strategic success in the response to COVID-19, and the preparedness and capacity for coping with emergencies have been substantially improved. The country’s public cultural services have been consistently improved, and the cultural sector flourished. Notable advances have been made in the development of national defense and the armed forces, and the organizational structure of the military has undergone major changes. China’s national security has been comprehensively strengthened, and social harmony and stability have been maintained across the country.

“十三五”規劃目標任務(wù)勝利完成,我國經(jīng)濟實(shí)力、科技實(shí)力、綜合國力和人民生活水平躍上新的大臺階,全面建成小康社會(huì )取得偉大歷史性成就,中華民族偉大復興向前邁出了新的一大步,社會(huì )主義中國以更加雄偉的身姿屹立于世界東方。

The goals and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan have been successfully completed. China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength, and people’s living standards have now reached a new high. The country has made great and historic achievements in building a moderately well-off society and has taken a new and big stride towards the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Today, socialist China stands taller and stronger in the East.

第二節 我國發(fā)展環(huán)境面臨深刻復雜變化

II. Profound changes in China’s development environment 

當前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期,我國發(fā)展仍然處于重要戰略機遇期,但機遇和挑戰都有新的發(fā)展變化。當今世界正經(jīng)歷百年未有之大變局,新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革深入發(fā)展,國際力量對比深刻調整,和平與發(fā)展仍然是時(shí)代主題,人類(lèi)命運共同體理念深入人心。同時(shí),國際環(huán)境日趨復雜,不穩定性不確定性明顯增加,新冠肺炎疫情影響廣泛深遠,世界經(jīng)濟陷入低迷期,經(jīng)濟全球化遭遇逆流,全球能源供需版圖深刻變革,國際經(jīng)濟政治格局復雜多變,世界進(jìn)入動(dòng)蕩變革期,單邊主義、保護主義、霸權主義對世界和平與發(fā)展構成威脅。

China is now in an important period of strategic opportunity for development, and will remain so for some time to come, but the opportunities and challenges it faces are changing. The world today is undergoing major changes unprecedented in a century. The new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is gaining momentum, and there is a profound shift in the balance of international power. Peace and development remain the themes of the times, and the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind is deeply rooted in people’s minds. At the same time, the international environment has become increasingly complex with obviously increased instability and uncertainty. The COVID-19 pandemic is exerting an extensive, far-reaching impact around the world—the global economy is in the doldrums, economic globalization is encountering headwinds, and dramatic changes are taking place in the global energy supply and demand landscape. The international economic and political landscapes are complex and changeable, and the world is entering a period of turbulent changes, with unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemonism posing a threat to world peace and development.

我國已轉向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展階段,制度優(yōu)勢顯著(zhù),治理效能提升,經(jīng)濟長(cháng)期向好,物質(zhì)基礎雄厚,人力資源豐富,市場(chǎng)空間廣闊,發(fā)展韌性強勁,社會(huì )大局穩定,繼續發(fā)展具有多方面優(yōu)勢和條件。同時(shí),我國發(fā)展不平衡不充分問(wèn)題仍然突出,重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域關(guān)鍵環(huán)節改革任務(wù)仍然艱巨,創(chuàng )新能力不適應高質(zhì)量發(fā)展要求,農業(yè)基礎還不穩固,城鄉區域發(fā)展和收入分配差距較大,生態(tài)環(huán)保任重道遠,民生保障存在短板,社會(huì )治理還有弱項。

China has moved to a stage of development with a focus on quality improvement. It has significant institutional advantages, improved performance in governance, sound long-term economic fundamentals, a solid material foundation, rich human resources, vast market potential, strong economic resilience, and social stability, thus enjoying favorable conditions and strengths for further development. At the same time, unbalanced and inadequate development is still a prominent problem, and reform in key links and major fields remains a formidable task. China’s capacity for innovation cannot yet meet the need of pursuing development with a focus on quality improvement. The foundation of agriculture is not yet solid. There are still disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions and in income distribution. We have a long way to go in protecting the environment. In work on public wellbeing and social governance, there are still areas where we fall short.

必須統籌中華民族偉大復興戰略全局和世界百年未有之大變局,深刻認識我國社會(huì )主要矛盾變化帶來(lái)的新特征新要求,深刻認識錯綜復雜的國際環(huán)境帶來(lái)的新矛盾新挑戰,增強機遇意識和風(fēng)險意識,立足社會(huì )主義初級階段基本國情,保持戰略定力,辦好自己的事,認識和把握發(fā)展規律,發(fā)揚斗爭精神,增強斗爭本領(lǐng),樹(shù)立底線(xiàn)思維,準確識變、科學(xué)應變、主動(dòng)求變,善于在危機中育先機、于變局中開(kāi)新局,抓住機遇,應對挑戰,趨利避害,奮勇前進(jìn)。

We must keep in mind both the broad strategic goal of national rejuvenation and the profound changes unseen in a century in the world, and clearly understand the new features and requirements brought about by the changes in the principal contradictions in our society, as well as the new contradictions and challenges arising from the complicated international environment, while enhancing our awareness of opportunities and risks. We must keep in mind the basic fact that China is still in the primary stage of socialism, maintain a strategic resolve, and run our own affairs well. We should fully understand the laws governing development, be ready to fight, build our ability, evaluate worst-case scenarios, accurately perceive changes and scientifically respond to them, take the initiative to seek changes, be good at fostering opportunities amid crises and opening up new vistas in a shifting landscape, seize opportunities and deal with challenges while weighing up pros and cons, and forge ahead with confidence and courage.

第二章 指導方針

Chapter 2 Guidelines

“十四五”時(shí)期經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展,必須牢牢把握以下指導思想、原則和戰略導向。

During the period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan, economic and social development will be guided by the following guidelines, principles, and strategic direction.

第一節 指導思想

I. Guidelines

高舉中國特色社會(huì )主義偉大旗幟,深入貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中、五中全會(huì )精神,堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀(guān)、習近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì )主義思想為指導,全面貫徹黨的基本理論、基本路線(xiàn)、基本方略,統籌推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會(huì )建設、生態(tài)文明建設的總體布局,協(xié)調推進(jìn)全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化國家、全面深化改革、全面依法治國、全面從嚴治黨的戰略布局,堅定不移貫徹創(chuàng )新、協(xié)調、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的新發(fā)展理念,堅持穩中求進(jìn)工作總基調,以推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展為主題,以深化供給側結構性改革為主線(xiàn),以改革創(chuàng )新為根本動(dòng)力,以滿(mǎn)足人民日益增長(cháng)的美好生活需要為根本目的,統籌發(fā)展和安全,加快建設現代化經(jīng)濟體系,加快構建以國內大循環(huán)為主體、國內國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局,推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現代化,實(shí)現經(jīng)濟行穩致遠、社會(huì )安定和諧,為全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化國家開(kāi)好局、起好步。

We must hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics; thoroughly implement the guiding principles of the 19th National Congress of the CPC and of the second, third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee; and follow the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must fully act on the Party’s basic theory, line, and policy, coordinate efforts to achieve economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and implement the strategy to make comprehensive efforts to build a great modern socialist country, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and ensure full and strict governance over the Party. We must be committed to the new development philosophy of innovation, coordination, green development, opening-up, and sharing; uphold the underlying principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability; pursue development with a focus on quality improvement; promote supply-side structural reforms as the main task; and make reforms and innovation the primary driving force in our endeavor to meet the fundamental goal of satisfying the people’s growing needs for a better life. We should ensure coordination in pursuing development and upholding security, accelerate the building of a modern economic system and expedite our efforts to create a new development paradigm with the domestic market as the mainstay and domestic and overseas markets reinforcing each other. We should also modernize China’s system and capacity for governance and realize long-term and stable economic development and social stability and harmony. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects. 

第二節 必須遵循的原則

II. Principles to follow

——堅持黨的全面領(lǐng)導。堅持和完善黨領(lǐng)導經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展的體制機制,堅持和完善中國特色社會(huì )主義制度,不斷提高貫徹新發(fā)展理念、構建新發(fā)展格局能力和水平,為實(shí)現高質(zhì)量發(fā)展提供根本保證。

—Uphold the overall leadership of the CPC. We will adhere to and improve the Party’s institutions and mechanisms for leading economic and social development, adhere to and improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, continuously boost our capacity for implementing the new development philosophy and building a new development paradigm, and provide a fundamental guarantee for development with a focus on quality improvement.

——堅持以人民為中心。堅持人民主體地位,堅持共同富裕方向,始終做到發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享,維護人民根本利益,激發(fā)全體人民積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng )造性,促進(jìn)社會(huì )公平,增進(jìn)民生福祉,不斷實(shí)現人民對美好生活的向往。

—Commit to a people-centered approach. We must ensure the principal position of the people, and work towards common prosperity. We must insist that our development is for the people and depends on the people, and that its fruits are shared by the people. We must safeguard the fundamental interests of the people, stimulate their enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity, promote social equity, improve people’s wellbeing, and constantly help realize people’s aspiration for a better life.

——堅持新發(fā)展理念。把新發(fā)展理念完整、準確、全面貫穿發(fā)展全過(guò)程和各領(lǐng)域,構建新發(fā)展格局,切實(shí)轉變發(fā)展方式,推動(dòng)質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動(dòng)力變革,實(shí)現更高質(zhì)量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續、更為安全的發(fā)展。

—Stay true to the new development philosophy. We must ensure the new development philosophy is applied in full, in both letter and spirit and in every stage and aspect of development. We must build a new development paradigm, effectively change the development model, work hard for better quality, higher efficiency, and more robust drivers of economic growth through reform, and strive to achieve higher-quality development that is more efficient, equitable, sustainable and secured.

——堅持深化改革開(kāi)放。堅定不移推進(jìn)改革,堅定不移擴大開(kāi)放,加強國家治理體系和治理能力現代化建設,破除制約高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、高品質(zhì)生活的體制機制障礙,強化有利于提高資源配置效率、有利于調動(dòng)全社會(huì )積極性的重大改革開(kāi)放舉措,持續增強發(fā)展動(dòng)力和活力。

—Continue to deepen reform and opening-up. We must be fully committed to reform and opening-up and modernize China’s governance system and capacity. We must get rid of the institutional ailments that restrict development with a focus on quality improvement and high-quality life, strengthen major reform and opening-up measures that are conducive to improving the efficiency of resource allocation and mobilizing the enthusiasm of the whole society, and continuously enhance the driving force and vitality of development.

——堅持系統觀(guān)念。加強前瞻性思考、全局性謀劃、戰略性布局、整體性推進(jìn),統籌國內國際兩個(gè)大局,辦好發(fā)展安全兩件大事,堅持全國一盤(pán)棋,更好發(fā)揮中央、地方和各方面積極性,著(zhù)力固根基、揚優(yōu)勢、補短板、強弱項,注重防范化解重大風(fēng)險挑戰,實(shí)現發(fā)展質(zhì)量、結構、規模、速度、效益、安全相統一。

—Uphold system-based thinking. We must think ahead, plan the big picture, deploy strategically, and advance in a holistic manner. We must keep in mind both our internal and international imperatives, and balance development and security. By adhering to the national strategy, we need to give full play to the initiative of the central and local governments and people in various sectors, solidify our foundation, foster strengths, and tackle areas of weaknesses. We need to pay attention to preventing and resolving major risks and challenges, and ensure a balance between the quality, structure, scale, speed, efficiency, and security in terms of development.

第三節 戰略導向

III. Strategic direction

“十四五”時(shí)期推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,必須立足新發(fā)展階段、貫徹新發(fā)展理念、構建新發(fā)展格局。把握新發(fā)展階段是貫徹新發(fā)展理念、構建新發(fā)展格局的現實(shí)依據,貫徹新發(fā)展理念為把握新發(fā)展階段、構建新發(fā)展格局提供了行動(dòng)指南,構建新發(fā)展格局則是應對新發(fā)展階段機遇和挑戰、貫徹新發(fā)展理念的戰略選擇。必須堅持深化供給側結構性改革,以創(chuàng )新驅動(dòng)、高質(zhì)量供給引領(lǐng)和創(chuàng )造新需求,提升供給體系的韌性和對國內需求的適配性。必須建立擴大內需的有效制度,加快培育完整內需體系,加強需求側管理,建設強大國內市場(chǎng)。必須堅定不移推進(jìn)改革,破除制約經(jīng)濟循環(huán)的制度障礙,推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)要素循環(huán)流轉和生產(chǎn)、分配、流通、消費各環(huán)節有機銜接。必須堅定不移擴大開(kāi)放,持續深化要素流動(dòng)型開(kāi)放,穩步拓展制度型開(kāi)放,依托國內經(jīng)濟循環(huán)體系形成對全球要素資源的強大引力場(chǎng)。必須強化國內大循環(huán)的主導作用,以國際循環(huán)提升國內大循環(huán)效率和水平,實(shí)現國內國際雙循環(huán)互促共進(jìn)。

To promote development with a focus on quality improvement during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, we must ground our efforts in the new stage of development, apply the new development philosophy and create a new development paradigm. Understanding the new development stage is the realistic basis for implementing the new development philosophy and creating the new development paradigm. Implementing the new development philosophy provides a guide for understanding the new development stage and fostering the new development paradigm. Building the new development paradigm is a strategic choice in response to the opportunities and challenges in the new development stage and for implementing the new development philosophy. We must continue to deepen supply-side structural reforms, foster new demand through pursuing innovation-driven development and ensuring high-quality supply, and enhance the resilience of the supply system and its adaptability to domestic demand. We must build an effective system to boost domestic demand, expedite the establishment of a complete demand system, strengthen demand-side management, and build a robust domestic market. We must unswervingly push forward reform, get rid of institutional obstacles to economic circulation, and promote the flows of production factors and the integration at the stages of production, allocation, distribution, and consumption. We must be fully committed to greater opening-up, continue to deepen the opening-up based on the flow of production factors, stably expand the institution-based opening-up, and leverage the flows of the domestic economy to make China a major magnet for global production factors and resources. We must strengthen the leading role of domestic circulation, improve its efficiency and level via international circulation, and realize the mutual reinforcement of domestic and international circulation.

第三章 主要目標

Chapter 3 Main Objectives

按照全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化國家的戰略安排,2035年遠景目標和“十四五”時(shí)期經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展主要目標如下。

In accordance with the strategic arrangement for comprehensively building China into a modern socialist country, Vision 2035 and the main objectives for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period are as follows.

第一節 2035年遠景目標

I. Vision 2035 

展望2035年,我國將基本實(shí)現社會(huì )主義現代化。經(jīng)濟實(shí)力、科技實(shí)力、綜合國力將大幅躍升,經(jīng)濟總量和城鄉居民人均收入將再邁上新的大臺階,關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)實(shí)現重大突破,進(jìn)入創(chuàng )新型國家前列?；緦?shí)現新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮化、農業(yè)現代化,建成現代化經(jīng)濟體系?；緦?shí)現國家治理體系和治理能力現代化,人民平等參與、平等發(fā)展權利得到充分保障,基本建成法治國家、法治政府、法治社會(huì )。建成文化強國、教育強國、人才強國、體育強國、健康中國,國民素質(zhì)和社會(huì )文明程度達到新高度,國家文化軟實(shí)力顯著(zhù)增強。廣泛形成綠色生產(chǎn)生活方式,碳排放達峰后穩中有降,生態(tài)環(huán)境根本好轉,美麗中國建設目標基本實(shí)現。形成對外開(kāi)放新格局,參與國際經(jīng)濟合作和競爭新優(yōu)勢明顯增強。人均國內生產(chǎn)總值達到中等發(fā)達國家水平,中等收入群體顯著(zhù)擴大,基本公共服務(wù)實(shí)現均等化,城鄉區域發(fā)展差距和居民生活水平差距顯著(zhù)縮小。平安中國建設達到更高水平,基本實(shí)現國防和軍隊現代化。人民生活更加美好,人的全面發(fā)展、全體人民共同富裕取得更為明顯的實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展。

By 2035, China will basically achieve socialist modernization. Our economic and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength will increase significantly. We will make new strides in economic aggregate and the per capita income of urban and rural residents. Making major breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas, we will be a global leader in innovation, and will also achieve new industrialization, enhanced IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, and complete building a modern economic system. We will have modernized the governance system and capacity, and the rights of the people to participate and to develop as equals will be adequately protected. The rule of law for the country, the government, and society will be comprehensively in place. China will become a powerful country in terms of culture, education, human capital, sports, and health. The well-rounded development of the people and social etiquette and civility will be significantly enhanced. China’s cultural soft power will grow much stronger. Eco-friendly work and lifestyle will be advanced to cover all areas of society. Carbon dioxide emissions will steadily decline after reaching a peak, and there will be a fundamental improvement in the environment after the goal of building a Beautiful China is met. The opening-up will reach a new stage with substantial growth in the country’s capabilities for participating in international economic cooperation and competition. The per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries and the size of the middle-income group will be significantly expanded. Equitable access to basic public services will be ensured. Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions, and in living standards will be significantly reduced. The Peaceful China initiative will be pursued at a higher level. The modernization of national defense and the military will be achieved. People will lead a better life, and more notable and substantial progress will be achieved in well-rounded human development and in common prosperity for all.

第二節 “十四五”時(shí)期經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展主要目標

II. Main objectives for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period

——經(jīng)濟發(fā)展取得新成效。發(fā)展是解決我國一切問(wèn)題的基礎和關(guān)鍵,發(fā)展必須堅持新發(fā)展理念,在質(zhì)量效益明顯提升的基礎上實(shí)現經(jīng)濟持續健康發(fā)展,增長(cháng)潛力充分發(fā)揮,國內生產(chǎn)總值年均增長(cháng)保持在合理區間、各年度視情提出,全員勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率增長(cháng)高于國內生產(chǎn)總值增長(cháng),國內市場(chǎng)更加強大,經(jīng)濟結構更加優(yōu)化,創(chuàng )新能力顯著(zhù)提升,全社會(huì )研發(fā)經(jīng)費投入年均增長(cháng)7%以上、力爭投入強度高于“十三五”時(shí)期實(shí)際,產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎高級化、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈現代化水平明顯提高,農業(yè)基礎更加穩固,城鄉區域發(fā)展協(xié)調性明顯增強,常住人口城鎮化率提高到65%,現代化經(jīng)濟體系建設取得重大進(jìn)展。

—China will strive to make new strides in economic development during the period. Development is the foundation and the key for solving all of China’s problems. We must be fully committed to the new vision for development and realize sustained and healthy economic development based on a marked improvement in quality and efficiency. We will fully tap China’s growth potential, keep the average annual growth of GDP within an appropriate range, set annual targets for GDP growth on the basis of actual conditions, and ensure that overall labor productivity grows faster than GDP. The domestic market will be stronger, the economic structure will be further optimized, and the innovation capacity will be significantly improved. China’s R&D spending will increase by more than 7% annually, and is expected to account for a higher percentage of GDP than that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. The upgrade of the industrial base and modernization of the industrial chains will be significantly improved, and the agricultural foundation will be strengthened. The balance of development between urban and rural areas and between regions will be significantly enhanced. The permanent urban residents will increase to 65% of the population, and significant progress will be made towards a modernized economy.

——改革開(kāi)放邁出新步伐。社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟體制更加完善,高標準市場(chǎng)體系基本建成,市場(chǎng)主體更加充滿(mǎn)活力,產(chǎn)權制度改革和要素市場(chǎng)化配置改革取得重大進(jìn)展,公平競爭制度更加健全,更高水平開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟新體制基本形成。

—New steps will be taken in reform and opening-up. China will further improve its socialist market economy with a high-standard market system in place. Market entities will be increasingly dynamic, and major progress will be achieved in the reform of the property rights system and the market-based allocation of factors of production. A more robust system of fair competition will prevail, and a new system of higher-standard open economy will take shape.

——社會(huì )文明程度得到新提高。社會(huì )主義核心價(jià)值觀(guān)深入人心,人民思想道德素質(zhì)、科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)和身心健康素質(zhì)明顯提高,公共文化服務(wù)體系和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系更加健全,人民精神文化生活日益豐富,中華文化影響力進(jìn)一步提升,中華民族凝聚力進(jìn)一步增強。

—China’s social etiquette and civility will be further enhanced. Core socialist values will be widely embraced, and significant improvement will be made in the intellectual, moral, scientific, cultural, and health standards of Chinese citizens. The systems for public cultural services and cultural industries will be further improved, the intellectual and cultural life of the Chinese people will become richer, the international influence of the Chinese culture will be further increased, and an even stronger bond will be forged among all the people of the Chinese nation.

——生態(tài)文明建設實(shí)現新進(jìn)步。國土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護格局得到優(yōu)化,生產(chǎn)生活方式綠色轉型成效顯著(zhù),能源資源配置更加合理、利用效率大幅提高,單位國內生產(chǎn)總值能源消耗和二氧化碳排放分別降低13.5%、18%,主要污染物排放總量持續減少,森林覆蓋率提高到24.1%,生態(tài)環(huán)境持續改善,生態(tài)安全屏障更加牢固,城鄉人居環(huán)境明顯改善。

—New progress will be made in building an ecological civilization. The territorial space will be better developed and protected. Remarkable results will be achieved in a shift towards eco-friendly work and lifestyle. Energy and resources will be more rationally allocated and much more efficiently used. Energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 13.5% and 18%, respectively. The total discharge of major pollutants will be consistently reduced. The forest coverage will reach 24.1%, and the environment will be consistently improved with a stronger defense for ecological security. The living environment in urban and rural areas will also be significantly improved.

——民生福祉達到新水平。實(shí)現更加充分更高質(zhì)量就業(yè),城鎮調查失業(yè)率控制在5.5%以?xún)?居民人均可支配收入增長(cháng)與國內生產(chǎn)總值增長(cháng)基本同步,分配結構明顯改善,基本公共服務(wù)均等化水平明顯提高,全民受教育程度不斷提升,勞動(dòng)年齡人口平均受教育年限提高到11.3年,多層次社會(huì )保障體系更加健全,基本養老保險參保率提高到95%,衛生健康體系更加完善,人均預期壽命提高1歲,脫貧攻堅成果鞏固拓展,鄉村振興戰略全面推進(jìn),全體人民共同富裕邁出堅實(shí)步伐。

—The well-being of people will be boosted. We will increase employment and create better quality jobs, while maintaining the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5%. Per capita disposable income will grow in line with GDP growth, and the income distribution structure will be significantly improved. The access to basic public services will be much more equitable. All Chinese people will enjoy better education opportunities, with the average years of schooling among the working-age population rising to 11.3. The multi-tiered social security system will be improved, with basic old-age insurance covering 95% of the population. The health care system will be improved, and the average life expectancy will be increased by 1 year. What we have achieved in poverty alleviation will be consolidated and expanded, the rural revitalization strategy will be comprehensively carried forward, and solid strides will be made towards common prosperity for all.

——國家治理效能得到新提升。社會(huì )主義民主法治更加健全,社會(huì )公平正義進(jìn)一步彰顯,國家行政體系更加完善,政府作用更好發(fā)揮,行政效率和公信力顯著(zhù)提升,社會(huì )治理特別是基層治理水平明顯提高,防范化解重大風(fēng)險體制機制不斷健全,突發(fā)公共事件應急處置能力顯著(zhù)增強,自然災害防御水平明顯提升,發(fā)展安全保障更加有力,國防和軍隊現代化邁出重大步伐。

—Further progress will be made in China’s governance capacity. Socialist democracy and the rule of law will be enhanced, so will be social fairness and justice. With improvements in the administration system, the government will better exercise its role, and its performance and credibility will be significantly enhanced. Social governance, especially primary-level governance, will be remarkably improved. Systems and mechanisms for forestalling and defusing major risks will be constantly improved, with the capacity to handle public emergencies significantly enhanced. Notable progress will be seen in preventing natural disasters, development security will be more effectively ensured, and major steps will be taken in the modernization of the national defense and armed forces.

第二篇 堅持創(chuàng )新驅動(dòng)發(fā)展 全面塑造發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢

Part II Innovation-Driven Development to Build New Strengths

堅持創(chuàng )新在我國現代化建設全局中的核心地位,把科技自立自強作為國家發(fā)展的戰略支撐,面向世界科技前沿、面向經(jīng)濟主戰場(chǎng)、面向國家重大需求、面向人民生命健康,深入實(shí)施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略、創(chuàng )新驅動(dòng)發(fā)展戰略,完善國家創(chuàng )新體系,加快建設科技強國。

Innovation remains at the heart of China’s modernization drive. The development of science and technology has increasingly assumed strategic importance for China’s national development. It is crucial to build cutting-edge technologies to spur economic growth, meet the country’s critical needs, and improve the people’s health. Indeed, success in building prosperity hinges on the development of science and education, talent building, and innovation, including institutional support for innovation. 

第四章 強化國家戰略科技力量

Chapter 4 A Strategic Vision for Building Strength in Science and Technology

制定科技強國行動(dòng)綱要,健全社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟條件下新型舉國體制,打好關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻堅戰,提高創(chuàng )新鏈整體效能。

An action plan for building prosperity through science and technology will be developed, with a focus on strengthening institutional support on a national level and leveraging the advantages of our socialist market economy. It aims to encourage innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas and improve the overall efficiency of the innovation chain.

第一節 整合優(yōu)化科技資源配置

I. More rational allocation of scientific and technological resources

以國家戰略性需求為導向推進(jìn)創(chuàng )新體系優(yōu)化組合,加快構建以國家實(shí)驗室為引領(lǐng)的戰略科技力量。聚焦量子信息、光子與微納電子、網(wǎng)絡(luò )通信、人工智能、生物醫藥、現代能源系統等重大創(chuàng )新領(lǐng)域組建一批國家實(shí)驗室,重組國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗室,形成結構合理、運行高效的實(shí)驗室體系。優(yōu)化提升國家工程研究中心、國家技術(shù)創(chuàng )新中心等創(chuàng )新基地。推進(jìn)科研院所、高等院校和企業(yè)科研力量?jì)?yōu)化配置和資源共享。支持發(fā)展新型研究型大學(xué)、新型研發(fā)機構等新型創(chuàng )新主體,推動(dòng)投入主體多元化、管理制度現代化、運行機制市場(chǎng)化、用人機制靈活化。

We will promote an optimal combination of innovation systems oriented towards the strategic needs of the country and work faster to enhance our strategic scientific and technological capability based on the development of national laboratories. Focusing on quantum information, photonics, micro and nanoelectronics, network communications, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, modern energy systems, and other major innovation areas, we will establish a group of national laboratories and reorganize national key laboratories, thus establishing a laboratory system with a rational structure and efficient operation. We will optimize and upgrade national engineering research centers and national technology innovation centers among other innovation bases, promote the optimal allocation of research resources and sharing of resources among research institutes, higher-education institutions, and enterprises, and support the development of new forms of innovators such as research universities and R&D institutions. We will promote the diversification of investors, the modernization of management systems, market-based operation mechanisms, and flexible employment mechanisms.

第二節 加強原創(chuàng )性引領(lǐng)性科技攻關(guān)

II. Encouraging ground-breaking scientific and technological innovation

在事關(guān)國家安全和發(fā)展全局的基礎核心領(lǐng)域,制定實(shí)施戰略性科學(xué)計劃和科學(xué)工程。瞄準人工智能、量子信息、集成電路、生命健康、腦科學(xué)、生物育種、空天科技、深地深海等前沿領(lǐng)域,實(shí)施一批具有前瞻性、戰略性的國家重大科技項目。從國家急迫需要和長(cháng)遠需求出發(fā),集中優(yōu)勢資源攻關(guān)新發(fā)突發(fā)傳染病和生物安全風(fēng)險防控、醫藥和醫療設備、關(guān)鍵元器件零部件和基礎材料、油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)等領(lǐng)域關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)。

We will formulate and implement strategic scientific programs and scientific projects in the basic and core areas concerning national security and development, and carry out pioneering and strategic national projects in artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, life and health, brain science, biological breeding, aerospace science and technology, deep earth and deep sea, among other frontier fields. Based on the urgent and long-term needs of the country, we will concentrate our advantageous resources to make breakthroughs in core technologies in the key fields including new and sudden outbreak of infectious diseases, biosafety risk prevention and control, medicine and medical equipment, key components and parts and basic materials, and petroleum and natural gas exploration and development.

第三節 持之以恒加強基礎研究

III. Strengthening basic research 

強化應用研究帶動(dòng),鼓勵自由探索,制定實(shí)施基礎研究十年行動(dòng)方案,重點(diǎn)布局一批基礎學(xué)科研究中心。加大基礎研究財政投入力度、優(yōu)化支出結構,對企業(yè)投入基礎研究實(shí)行稅收優(yōu)惠,鼓勵社會(huì )以捐贈和建立基金等方式多渠道投入,形成持續穩定投入機制,基礎研究經(jīng)費投入占研發(fā)經(jīng)費投入比重提高到8%以上。建立健全符合科學(xué)規律的評價(jià)體系和激勵機制,對基礎研究探索實(shí)行長(cháng)周期評價(jià),創(chuàng )造有利于基礎研究的良好科研生態(tài)。

We will strengthen the role of application-oriented research as a driving force, encourage free exploration, formulate and implement a 10-year action plan for basic research, and give priority to a group of research centers for fundamental disciplines. We will increase funding and improve the composition of spending for basic research, give preferential tax treatment to enterprises engaging in basic research, encourage the private sector to channel more resources to basic research through diverse means such as donations and investment, and form a mechanism for ensuring sustainable and stable funding. The spending on basic research will account for over 8% of total R&D spending. A sound evaluation system and incentive mechanism will be established and improved for long-term evaluation of basic research and for creating an environment conducive to basic research.

第四節 建設重大科技創(chuàng )新平臺

IV. Building major platforms for scientific and technological innovation 

支持北京、上海、粵港澳大灣區形成國際科技創(chuàng )新中心,建設北京懷柔、上海張江、大灣區、安徽合肥綜合性國家科學(xué)中心,支持有條件的地方建設區域科技創(chuàng )新中心。強化國家自主創(chuàng )新示范區、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區、經(jīng)濟技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區等創(chuàng )新功能。適度超前布局國家重大科技基礎設施,提高共享水平和使用效率。集約化建設自然科技資源庫、國家野外科學(xué)觀(guān)測研究站(網(wǎng))和科學(xué)大數據中心。加強高端科研儀器設備研發(fā)制造。構建國家科研論文和科技信息高端交流平臺。

We will support the initiative of making Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area international centers for science and technology innovation, build comprehensive national science centers in Huairou in Beijing, Zhangjiang in Shanghai, Greater Bay Area, and Hefei in Anhui, and support the building of regional science and technology innovation centers in places where conditions permit. We will strengthen the innovation functions of national innovation demonstration zones, new and high-tech industry development zones, and economic and technological development zones. We will adopt an appropriate forward-thinking plan for major national science and technology infrastructure and ensure that it is better shared and more efficiently utilized. We will intensively build repositories of natural science and technology resources, national workstations (networks) for field observation and research and scientific big data centers; strengthen the R&D and manufacture of high-end research instruments and equipment; and build high-end national exchange platforms for research papers and scientific and technological information.

第五章 提升企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng )新能力

Chapter 5 Technological Innovation Capability of Enterprises 

完善技術(shù)創(chuàng )新市場(chǎng)導向機制,強化企業(yè)創(chuàng )新主體地位,促進(jìn)各類(lèi)創(chuàng )新要素向企業(yè)集聚,形成以企業(yè)為主體、市場(chǎng)為導向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研用深度融合的技術(shù)創(chuàng )新體系。

Market-oriented mechanisms for technological innovation will be in place to boost the role of enterprises in innovation, encourage the flow of resources to enterprises, and enable enterprises to play a major role in innovation with the support of universities, research institutes, and end-users.

第一節 激勵企業(yè)加大研發(fā)投入

I. Encouraging enterprises to increase R&D spending

實(shí)施更大力度的研發(fā)費用加計扣除、高新技術(shù)企業(yè)稅收優(yōu)惠等普惠性政策。拓展優(yōu)化首臺(套)重大技術(shù)裝備保險補償和激勵政策,發(fā)揮重大工程牽引示范作用,運用政府采購政策支持創(chuàng )新產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。通過(guò)完善標準、質(zhì)量和競爭規制等措施,增強企業(yè)創(chuàng )新動(dòng)力。健全鼓勵國有企業(yè)研發(fā)的考核制度,設立獨立核算、免于增值保值考核、容錯糾錯的研發(fā)準備金制度,確保中央國有工業(yè)企業(yè)研發(fā)支出年增長(cháng)率明顯超過(guò)全國平均水平。完善激勵科技型中小企業(yè)創(chuàng )新的稅收優(yōu)惠政策。

More efforts will be made to implement inclusive policies such as granting an extra tax deduction on R&D costs and offering preferential tax treatment to high-tech enterprises. We will expand and improve the insurance compensation and incentive policies for the application of newly developed major technical equipment, give play to the leading and demonstrative roles of major projects, and support innovative products and services with government procurement policies. We will enhance the enterprises’ motivation for innovation by improving standards, quality, and competition regulations and other measures; build a robust assessment system for encouraging R&D efforts of state-owned enterprises, and establish an R&D reserve system featuring independent accounting, exemption from value increase assessment, and fault tolerance and error correction, to ensure that the annual growth rate of R&D expenditure of central state-owned industrial enterprises is significantly higher than the national average. At the same time, we will enhance preferential tax policies that encourage innovation in small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises.

第二節 支持產(chǎn)業(yè)共性基礎技術(shù)研發(fā)

II. Support for research and development of general-purpose technologies 

集中力量整合提升一批關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)平臺,支持行業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)聯(lián)合高等院校、科研院所和行業(yè)上下游企業(yè)共建國家產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng )新中心,承擔國家重大科技項目。支持有條件企業(yè)聯(lián)合轉制科研院所組建行業(yè)研究院,提供公益性共性技術(shù)服務(wù)。打造新型共性技術(shù)平臺,解決跨行業(yè)跨領(lǐng)域關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)問(wèn)題。發(fā)揮大企業(yè)引領(lǐng)支撐作用,支持創(chuàng )新型中小微企業(yè)成長(cháng)為創(chuàng )新重要發(fā)源地,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上中下游、大中小企業(yè)融通創(chuàng )新。鼓勵有條件地方依托產(chǎn)業(yè)集群創(chuàng )辦混合所有制產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)研究院,服務(wù)區域關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā)。

China will focus on integrating and upgrading key general-purpose technology platforms, support leading enterprises in the industry to work with universities, research institutes, and upstream and downstream industrial enterprises in building national centers for industrial innovation and in undertaking major national science and technology projects. Qualified enterprises will be supported to cooperate with research institutes that have been transformed into enterprises, to establish industry research institutes and provide common technology services for public welfare. China will build new general-purpose technology platforms to tackle key problems encountered in multiple industries and fields. We will give play to the leading and supporting roles of large enterprises, support the growth of innovative micro, small, and medium enterprises into important sources of innovation, and promote collaborative innovation among large, medium, and small enterprises in the upstream, mid-stream, and downstream of the industrial chain. We will also encourage the establishment of mixed-ownership industrial technology research institutes on the basis of industrial clusters in places where conditions permit, to facilitate research and development in key generic technologies.

第三節 完善企業(yè)創(chuàng )新服務(wù)體系

III. Innovation services for enterprises 

推動(dòng)國家科研平臺、科技報告、科研數據進(jìn)一步向企業(yè)開(kāi)放,創(chuàng )新科技成果轉化機制,鼓勵將符合條件的由財政資金支持形成的科技成果許可給中小企業(yè)使用。推進(jìn)創(chuàng )新創(chuàng )業(yè)機構改革,建設專(zhuān)業(yè)化市場(chǎng)化技術(shù)轉移機構和技術(shù)經(jīng)理人隊伍。完善金融支持創(chuàng )新體系,鼓勵金融機構發(fā)展知識產(chǎn)權質(zhì)押融資、科技保險等科技金融產(chǎn)品,開(kāi)展科技成果轉化貸款風(fēng)險補償試點(diǎn)。暢通科技型企業(yè)國內上市融資渠道,增強科創(chuàng )板“硬科技”特色,提升創(chuàng )業(yè)板服務(wù)成長(cháng)型創(chuàng )新創(chuàng )業(yè)企業(yè)功能,鼓勵發(fā)展天使投資、創(chuàng )業(yè)投資,更好發(fā)揮創(chuàng )業(yè)投資引導基金和私募股權基金作用。

China will give enterprises greater access to national research platforms, scientific and technological reports, and research data, innovate the mechanisms for applying scientific and technological achievements, and encourage the licensing of eligible government-financed scientific and technological achievements to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We will push forward the institutional reform for innovation and entrepreneurship and build specialized and market-oriented institutions for technology transfer and teams of technology managers. We will improve the financial support system for innovation, encourage financial institutions to develop fintech products such as intellectual property pledge financing and technology insurance, and carry out pilot projects of risk compensation for loans related to the application of scientific and technological achievements. We will also provide smooth financing channels for domestic listing of technology-based enterprises, enhance the “hard technology” characteristics of the Science and Technology Innovation Board as well as the function of the ChiNext stock market in serving growth-oriented innovative enterprises and startups, encourage the development of angel investment and venture capital, and give better play to the role of venture capital guide funds and private equity funds.

第六章 激發(fā)人才創(chuàng )新活力

Chapter 6 Creativity and Talent Development

貫徹尊重勞動(dòng)、尊重知識、尊重人才、尊重創(chuàng )造方針,深化人才發(fā)展體制機制改革,全方位培養、引進(jìn)、用好人才,充分發(fā)揮人才第一資源的作用。

It is important to foster a culture that respects knowledge, encourages hard work and creativity, and is conducive to talent development. Reform is necessary to improve a full spectrum of talent management practices, including training, recruitment, and placement, thus giving full play to the role of talent, the most essential resource. 

第一節 培養造就高水平人才隊伍

I. Building a contingent of high-calibre personnel

遵循人才成長(cháng)規律和科研活動(dòng)規律,培養造就更多國際一流的戰略科技人才、科技領(lǐng)軍人才和創(chuàng )新團隊,培養具有國際競爭力的青年科技人才后備軍,注重依托重大科技任務(wù)和重大創(chuàng )新基地培養發(fā)現人才,支持設立博士后創(chuàng )新崗位。加強創(chuàng )新型、應用型、技能型人才培養,實(shí)施知識更新工程、技能提升行動(dòng),壯大高水平工程師和高技能人才隊伍。加強基礎學(xué)科拔尖學(xué)生培養,建設數理化生等基礎學(xué)科基地和前沿科學(xué)中心。實(shí)行更加開(kāi)放的人才政策,構筑集聚國內外優(yōu)秀人才的科研創(chuàng )新高地。完善外籍高端人才和專(zhuān)業(yè)人才來(lái)華工作、科研、交流的停居留政策,完善外國人在華永久居留制度,探索建立技術(shù)移民制度。健全薪酬福利、子女教育、社會(huì )保障、稅收優(yōu)惠等制度,為海外科學(xué)家在華工作提供具有國際競爭力和吸引力的環(huán)境。

China will develop more world-class strategic talents and leading figures in science and technology and innovation teams in accordance with the laws of personnel development and research activities. The country will foster reserves of young scientists and engineers with international competitiveness, pay attention to developing and discovering talents through major scientific and technological tasks and major innovation bases, and support the establishment of post-doctoral innovation posts. The country will strengthen the training of innovative, skilled, and application-oriented personnel, implement knowledge renewal projects and skills upgrade initiatives, and build stronger teams of high-level engineers and highly skilled personnel. Efforts will be made to intensify the training of top students in basic disciplines, and build bases and frontier science centers for mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and other basic disciplines. We will implement a more open talent policy and build a research and innovation center that brings together excellent personnel at home and abroad. We will improve the policies for foreign high-calibre personnel and professionals who stay or reside in China for work, research, and exchange, improve the permanent residence system for foreigners in China, and explore the establishment of a skilled migration system. We will also improve the systems concerning salary and welfare, children’s education, social security, and tax incentives to provide an internationally competitive and attractive environment for overseas scientists to work in China.

第二節 激勵人才更好發(fā)揮作用

II. Incentives for researchers 

完善人才評價(jià)和激勵機制,健全以創(chuàng )新能力、質(zhì)量、實(shí)效、貢獻為導向的科技人才評價(jià)體系,構建充分體現知識、技術(shù)等創(chuàng )新要素價(jià)值的收益分配機制。選好用好領(lǐng)軍人才和拔尖人才,賦予更大技術(shù)路線(xiàn)決定權和經(jīng)費使用權。全方位為科研人員松綁,拓展科研管理“綠色通道”。實(shí)行以增加知識價(jià)值為導向的分配政策,完善科研人員職務(wù)發(fā)明成果權益分享機制,探索賦予科研人員職務(wù)科技成果所有權或長(cháng)期使用權,提高科研人員收益分享比例。深化院士制度改革。

We will improve the evaluation and incentive mechanism, build a robust system to evaluate scientists and engineers based on the criteria of innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution, and develop an income distribution mechanism that fully reflects the value of knowledge, technology, and other elements in innovation. We will carefully select leading and top-notch personnel, leverage their expertise and give them a greater say on technological routes and fund use. We will free up more space for researchers in an all-round manner and expand the “green channel” for research management. We will adopt a distribution policy oriented towards rewarding knowledge and improve the mechanism for researchers to share the benefits from their on-the-job inventions, vest in them the ownership or long-term right of use of their research results on a pilot basis, and increase their share of benefits. We will also deepen the reform of the academician system.

第三節 優(yōu)化創(chuàng )新創(chuàng )業(yè)創(chuàng )造生態(tài)

III. An ecosystem for innovation, entrepreneurship, and creativity

大力弘揚新時(shí)代科學(xué)家精神,強化科研誠信建設,健全科技倫理體系。依法保護企業(yè)家的財產(chǎn)權和創(chuàng )新收益,發(fā)揮企業(yè)家在把握創(chuàng )新方向、凝聚人才、籌措資金等方面重要作用。推進(jìn)創(chuàng )新創(chuàng )業(yè)創(chuàng )造向縱深發(fā)展,優(yōu)化雙創(chuàng )示范基地建設布局。倡導敬業(yè)、精益、專(zhuān)注、寬容失敗的創(chuàng )新創(chuàng )業(yè)文化,完善試錯容錯糾錯機制。弘揚科學(xué)精神和工匠精神,廣泛開(kāi)展科學(xué)普及活動(dòng),加強青少年科學(xué)興趣引導和培養,形成熱愛(ài)科學(xué)、崇尚創(chuàng )新的社會(huì )氛圍,提高全民科學(xué)素質(zhì)。

We will vigorously carry forward the spirit of scientists in the new era, strengthen research integrity, and improve the ethical system in science and technology. We will protect the property rights and innovation income of entrepreneurs according to law and give full play to the important role of entrepreneurs in steering innovation in the right direction, bringing together competent personnel and raising funds. We will promote the in-depth development of innovation, entrepreneurship, and creativity, and optimize the layout of the innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration bases. We will advocate an innovation and entrepreneurship culture of dedication, seeking better from best, concentration and tolerance of failure, and improve the trial-and-error mechanism that allows errors to be tolerated and corrected. To create a social climate that values science and innovation, and improve the scientific literacy of the people, we will uphold the spirit of scientists and craftsmanship, extensively carry out science popularization activities, and foster an interest in science among young people.

第七章 完善科技創(chuàng )新體制機制

Chapter 7 Mechanisms for Scientific and Technological Innovation

深入推進(jìn)科技體制改革,完善國家科技治理體系,優(yōu)化國家科技計劃體系和運行機制,推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域項目、基地、人才、資金一體化配置。

Institutional reforms will proceed at a deeper level to improve the national science and technology governance system and national planning for the development of science and technology, and allow a holistic approach to deploying projects, facilities, personnel, and funds in key sectors.

第一節 深化科技管理體制改革

I. Deeper reforms in the science and technology management system

加快科技管理職能轉變,強化規劃政策引導和創(chuàng )新環(huán)境營(yíng)造,減少分錢(qián)分物定項目等直接干預。整合財政科研投入體制,重點(diǎn)投向戰略性關(guān)鍵性領(lǐng)域,改變部門(mén)分割、小而散的狀態(tài)。改革重大科技項目立項和組織管理方式,給予科研單位和科研人員更多自主權,推行技術(shù)總師負責制,實(shí)行“揭榜掛帥”、“賽馬”等制度,健全獎補結合的資金支持機制。健全科技評價(jià)機制,完善自由探索型和任務(wù)導向型科技項目分類(lèi)評價(jià)制度,建立非共識科技項目的評價(jià)機制,優(yōu)化科技獎勵項目。建立健全科研機構現代院所制度,支持科研事業(yè)單位試行更靈活的編制、崗位、薪酬等管理制度。建立健全高等院校、科研機構、企業(yè)間創(chuàng )新資源自由有序流動(dòng)機制。深入推進(jìn)全面創(chuàng )新改革試驗。

We will accelerate the transformation of government functions in science and technology management, enhance the guiding role of planning and policies and the creation of an innovative environment, and reduce direct interventions in financial and physical resources and in projects. The government funding system for research will be consolidated, with an increased focus on strategic and key sectors, and the problems of compartmentalization and small and scattered funding will be effectively addressed. The approval, organization, and management of major scientific and technological projects will be reformed to grant more decision-making rights to research institutions and researchers. To this end we will implement a system of chief technology officers assuming responsibilities, implement a ranking system and a strong and open competition mechanism for selecting the best candidates to lead key research projects, and improve the funding mechanism to combine awards and subsidies. We will improve the evaluation mechanism of science and technology and the classified evaluation system for free exploration and task-oriented science and technology projects, establish an evaluation mechanism for science and technology projects on which a consensus is not yet achieved, and optimize science and technology award projects. We will establish and improve the modern research institution system and support the institutions to try out more flexible systems for human resources, post, and salary management. We will establish and improve the mechanism of free and orderly flow of innovation resources among institutions of higher learning, research institutions, and enterprises. In addition to these efforts, we will further promote pilot reforms for comprehensive innovation.

第二節 健全知識產(chǎn)權保護運用體制

II. Protection of intellectual property rights

實(shí)施知識產(chǎn)權強國戰略,實(shí)行嚴格的知識產(chǎn)權保護制度,完善知識產(chǎn)權相關(guān)法律法規,加快新領(lǐng)域新業(yè)態(tài)知識產(chǎn)權立法。加強知識產(chǎn)權司法保護和行政執法,健全仲裁、調解、公證和維權援助體系,健全知識產(chǎn)權侵權懲罰性賠償制度,加大損害賠償力度。優(yōu)化專(zhuān)利資助獎勵政策和考核評價(jià)機制,更好保護和激勵高價(jià)值專(zhuān)利,培育專(zhuān)利密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)。改革國有知識產(chǎn)權歸屬和權益分配機制,擴大科研機構和高等院校知識產(chǎn)權處置自主權。完善無(wú)形資產(chǎn)評估制度,形成激勵與監管相協(xié)調的管理機制。構建知識產(chǎn)權保護運用公共服務(wù)平臺。

We will implement a strategy to make China strong on intellectual property rights, implement a strict intellectual property protection system, improve the related laws and regulations, and accelerate the legislation in emerging fields and new forms of business. We will strengthen judicial protection and administrative enforcement related to intellectual property rights, improve relevant systems of arbitration, mediation, notarization, and assistance in the protection of rights, build a better system of punitive damages for intellectual property infringements, and increase the compensation. We will optimize the patent subsidy and incentive policies and evaluation mechanisms to better protect and encourage high-value patents and develop patent-intensive industries. By reforming the ownership and distribution mechanism of state-owned intellectual property rights, we will give research institutions and institutions of higher learning a greater say in the disposition of intellectual properties. The intangible assets evaluation system will be improved, a management mechanism that combines incentives and supervision will be established, and public service platforms will be built for intellectual property protection and application.

第三節 積極促進(jìn)科技開(kāi)放合作

III. Openness and cooperation in the field of science and technology

實(shí)施更加開(kāi)放包容、互惠共享的國際科技合作戰略,更加主動(dòng)融入全球創(chuàng )新網(wǎng)絡(luò )。務(wù)實(shí)推進(jìn)全球疫情防控和公共衛生等領(lǐng)域國際科技合作,聚焦氣候變化、人類(lèi)健康等問(wèn)題加強同各國科研人員聯(lián)合研發(fā)。主動(dòng)設計和牽頭發(fā)起國際大科學(xué)計劃和大科學(xué)工程,發(fā)揮科學(xué)基金獨特作用。加大國家科技計劃對外開(kāi)放力度,啟動(dòng)一批重大科技合作項目,研究設立面向全球的科學(xué)研究基金,實(shí)施科學(xué)家交流計劃。支持在我國境內設立國際科技組織、外籍科學(xué)家在我國科技學(xué)術(shù)組織任職。

We will implement a more open, inclusive, mutually beneficial, and shared international strategy for cooperation in science and technology and more actively integrate ourselves into the global innovation network. We will pragmatically promote international cooperation in the fields of global epidemic prevention and control and public health, boost joint research and development with researchers from various countries focusing on climate change, human health, and other issues, take the lead in designing and initiating international big science programs and projects, and give play to the unique role of science funds. We will step up the opening-up of the national science and technology programs, launch a group of major science and technology cooperation projects, explore and establish a global research fund, and implement scientist exchange programs. We will also support the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations in China, and welcome foreign scientists to serve in scientific and technological academic organizations in China.

第三篇 加快發(fā)展現代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系 鞏固壯大實(shí)體經(jīng)濟根基

Part III Industrial Modernization and the Foundation of Real Economy

堅持把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟著(zhù)力點(diǎn)放在實(shí)體經(jīng)濟上,加快推進(jìn)制造強國、質(zhì)量強國建設,促進(jìn)先進(jìn)制造業(yè)和現代服務(wù)業(yè)深度融合,強化基礎設施支撐引領(lǐng)作用,構建實(shí)體經(jīng)濟、科技創(chuàng )新、現代金融、人力資源協(xié)同發(fā)展的現代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。

The focus of economic growth should be on the development of the real economy. Building national strength requires, in particular, strengthening manufacturing and improving product quality. Further integration of advanced manufacturing and modern services is called for. Improving infrastructure provides support and paves the way for new growth. It is important to strengthen institutional support for symbiotic interaction between the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, financial services, and talent development.

第八章 深入實(shí)施制造強國戰略

Chapter 8 Strengthening Manufacturing 

堅持自主可控、安全高效,推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎高級化、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈現代化,保持制造業(yè)比重基本穩定,增強制造業(yè)競爭優(yōu)勢,推動(dòng)制造業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

It is crucial to build more secure, resilient, and efficient modern supply chains not subject to disruptions and outside interference. It is also crucial to ensure that the share of manufacturing in the economy remains stable, and to enhance the competitive advantages of the manufacturing sector with a focus on quality improvement.

第一節 加強產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎能力建設

I. Strengthening basic industrial capacities

實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎再造工程,加快補齊基礎零部件及元器件、基礎軟件、基礎材料、基礎工藝和產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)基礎等瓶頸短板。依托行業(yè)龍頭企業(yè),加大重要產(chǎn)品和關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)力度,加快工程化產(chǎn)業(yè)化突破。實(shí)施重大技術(shù)裝備攻關(guān)工程,完善激勵和風(fēng)險補償機制,推動(dòng)首臺(套)裝備、首批次材料、首版次軟件示范應用。健全產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎支撐體系,在重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域布局一批國家制造業(yè)創(chuàng )新中心,完善國家質(zhì)量基礎設施,建設生產(chǎn)應用示范平臺和標準計量、認證認可、檢驗檢測、試驗驗證等產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)基礎公共服務(wù)平臺,完善技術(shù)、工藝等工業(yè)基礎數據庫。

We will carry out projects to rebuild industrial foundation and promptly resolve bottlenecks and weaknesses in basic spare parts and components, basic software, basic materials, basic processes, and fundamental industrial technology. Leveraging the leading enterprises in relevant sectors, we will step up efforts to make major breakthroughs in important products and core technologies in key fields and work quickly to make groundbreaking progress in engineering and industrialization. We will ensure the success of projects launched to achieve breakthroughs in key technical equipment, improve the incentive and risk compensation mechanisms, and promote the demonstration and application of newly developed equipment, materials, and software. We will improve the basic industrial infrastructure support system, establish a group of national centers for manufacturing innovation in key sectors, improve national quality infrastructure, build production application demonstration platforms and standard measurement, certification and accreditation, inspection and testing, test verification, and other industrial technology public service platforms, and improve the industrial database for technology and processes.

第二節 提升產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈現代化水平

II. Modernization of industrial chains and supply chains

堅持經(jīng)濟性和安全性相結合,補齊短板、鍛造長(cháng)板,分行業(yè)做好供應鏈戰略設計和精準施策,形成具有更強創(chuàng )新力、更高附加值、更安全可靠的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈。推進(jìn)制造業(yè)補鏈強鏈,強化資源、技術(shù)、裝備支撐,加強國際產(chǎn)業(yè)安全合作,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈多元化。立足產(chǎn)業(yè)規模優(yōu)勢、配套優(yōu)勢和部分領(lǐng)域先發(fā)優(yōu)勢,鞏固提升高鐵、電力裝備、新能源、船舶等領(lǐng)域全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈競爭力,從符合未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)變革方向的整機產(chǎn)品入手打造戰略性全局性產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。優(yōu)化區域產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈布局,引導產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈關(guān)鍵環(huán)節留在國內,強化中西部和東北地區承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉移能力建設。實(shí)施應急產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力儲備工程,建設區域性應急物資生產(chǎn)保障基地。實(shí)施領(lǐng)航企業(yè)培育工程,培育一批具有生態(tài)主導力和核心競爭力的龍頭企業(yè)。推動(dòng)中小企業(yè)提升專(zhuān)業(yè)化優(yōu)勢,培育專(zhuān)精特新“小巨人”企業(yè)和制造業(yè)單項冠軍企業(yè)。加強技術(shù)經(jīng)濟安全評估,實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力調查和評價(jià)工程。

To establish more innovative, higher value-added, safer, and more reliable industrial chains and supply chains, we will pursue both economic efficiency and security, shore up our weaknesses, play to our strengths and do a good job in strategically designing supply chains and adopt targeted policies for different sectors. We will consolidate and improve the manufacturing chains, strengthen the support of resources, technology, and equipment, enhance international cooperation in industrial security, and drive the diversification of industrial and supply chains. Leveraging the industrial scale, supporting facilities, and first mover advantages in certain fields, we will consolidate and enhance the competitiveness of the whole industrial chain in sectors such as high-speed railway, electronic equipment, new energy, and shipbuilding, and create an industrial chain of overall strategic importance starting from complete machines that are in line with the direction of future industrial transformation. The plan for the regional industrial chains will be optimized to guide the key links in the chains to remain in China, and further enhance the capacity of the central and western regions and the northeast region as destinations of industrial relocation. We will implement production capacity reserve projects for emergency products and build regional bases for ensuring emergency material production. We will carry out programs to build leading enterprises that possess core competitiveness and can dominate in their respective ecosystems, support small and medium-sized enterprises to enhance their professional advantages, and foster “l(fā)ittle giant” enterprises with high growth potential, advanced technology and strong market competitive edge as well as single-product specialists in the manufacturing industry. Technical and economic security assessment will be reinforced, and an industrial competitiveness investigation and evaluation program will be put into practice.

第三節 推動(dòng)制造業(yè)優(yōu)化升級

III. Upgrading the manufacturing industry

深入實(shí)施智能制造和綠色制造工程,發(fā)展服務(wù)型制造新模式,推動(dòng)制造業(yè)高端化智能化綠色化。培育先進(jìn)制造業(yè)集群,推動(dòng)集成電路、航空航天、船舶與海洋工程裝備、機器人、先進(jìn)軌道交通裝備、先進(jìn)電力裝備、工程機械、高端數控機床、醫藥及醫療設備等產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng )新發(fā)展。改造提升傳統產(chǎn)業(yè),推動(dòng)石化、鋼鐵、有色、建材等原材料產(chǎn)業(yè)布局優(yōu)化和結構調整,擴大輕工、紡織等優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品供給,加快化工、造紙等重點(diǎn)行業(yè)企業(yè)改造升級,完善綠色制造體系。深入實(shí)施增強制造業(yè)核心競爭力和技術(shù)改造專(zhuān)項,鼓勵企業(yè)應用先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)、加強設備更新和新產(chǎn)品規?；瘧?。建設智能制造示范工廠(chǎng),完善智能制造標準體系。深入實(shí)施質(zhì)量提升行動(dòng),推動(dòng)制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品“增品種、提品質(zhì)、創(chuàng )品牌”。

We will further implement intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing projects, develop new service-oriented manufacturing models, and promote high-end, intelligent, and green manufacturing. We will foster advanced manufacturing clusters and promote the innovation and development of industries such as integrated circuits, aerospace equipment, high-tech ships and ocean engineering equipment, robots, advanced railway equipment, advanced power equipment, engineering machinery, high-end CNC machine tools, medicine and medical equipment. To transform and upgrade traditional industries, we will improve the layout and adjust the structure of petrochemical, iron and steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, and other raw material industries, expand the supply of high-quality products in light and textile industries, expedite the transformation and upgrade of enterprises in chemical, papermaking, and other key industries, and improve the green manufacturing system. We will continue to implement special projects to enhance the core competitiveness and technological transformation of the manufacturing industry, encourage enterprises to adopt advanced and readily applicable technologies, and strengthen equipment upgrading and large-scale application of new products. In terms of intelligent manufacturing, we will build demonstration factories and a better system of standards. Intensified efforts will be made to enhance quality, and to encourage manufacturers to increase the variety of products, raise their quality, and build the brands.

第四節 實(shí)施制造業(yè)降本減負行動(dòng)

IV. Policy support for manufacturing cost reduction

強化要素保障和高效服務(wù),鞏固拓展減稅降費成果,降低企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)成本,提升制造業(yè)根植性和競爭力。推動(dòng)工業(yè)用地提容增效,推廣新型產(chǎn)業(yè)用地模式。擴大制造業(yè)中長(cháng)期貸款、信用貸款規模,增加技改貸款,推動(dòng)股權投資、債券融資等向制造業(yè)傾斜。允許制造業(yè)企業(yè)全部參與電力市場(chǎng)化交易,規范和降低港口航運、公路鐵路運輸等物流收費,全面清理規范涉企收費。建立制造業(yè)重大項目全周期服務(wù)機制和企業(yè)家參與涉企政策制定制度,支持建設中小企業(yè)信息、技術(shù)、進(jìn)出口和數字化轉型綜合性服務(wù)平臺。

We will intensify efforts to ensure the supply of factors of production, provide efficient services, consolidate and expand the results of tax and fee cuts, reduce the production and operating costs of enterprises, and enhance the embeddedness and competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. We will work to increase the plot ratio and use efficiency of industrial land and promote new industrial land use models. We will increase medium- and long-term loans and lines of credit for manufacturing, increase loans for technological transformation, and make sure equity investment and bond financing are more heavily weighted towards manufacturing. We will permit manufacturing enterprises to participate in market-oriented electricity transaction, regulate and reduce logistics charges in port shipping, road and railway transportation, and review and standardize charges related to enterprises. We will establish a mechanism to provide full cycle services for major manufacturing projects and build a system for entrepreneurs to participate in enterprise-related policy making. Support will be given to build comprehensive service platforms for information, technology, import and export, and digital transformation of SMEs.

第九章 發(fā)展壯大戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)

Chapter 9 Emerging Industries of Strategic Importance

著(zhù)眼于搶占未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展先機,培育先導性和支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè),推動(dòng)戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)融合化、集群化、生態(tài)化發(fā)展,戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占GDP比重超過(guò)17%。

In response to emerging technology trends, it is essential to foster pioneering and pillar industries, and promote the integrated development of emerging technology clusters of strategic importance, so that the contribution of such industries to GDP will exceed 17%.

第一節 構筑產(chǎn)業(yè)體系新支柱

I. New pillars of the industrial system

聚焦新一代信息技術(shù)、生物技術(shù)、新能源、新材料、高端裝備、新能源汽車(chē)、綠色環(huán)保以及航空航天、海洋裝備等戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè),加快關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)創(chuàng )新應用,增強要素保障能力,培育壯大產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能。推動(dòng)生物技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)融合創(chuàng )新,加快發(fā)展生物醫藥、生物育種、生物材料、生物能源等產(chǎn)業(yè),做大做強生物經(jīng)濟。深化北斗系統推廣應用,推動(dòng)北斗產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。深入推進(jìn)國家戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)集群發(fā)展工程,健全產(chǎn)業(yè)集群組織管理和專(zhuān)業(yè)化推進(jìn)機制,建設創(chuàng )新和公共服務(wù)綜合體,構建一批各具特色、優(yōu)勢互補、結構合理的戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)增長(cháng)引擎。鼓勵技術(shù)創(chuàng )新和企業(yè)兼并重組,防止低水平重復建設。發(fā)揮產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金引導作用,加大融資擔保和風(fēng)險補償力度。

China will focus on the new generation of information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, new energy vehicles, environmental protection, aerospace, marine equipment, and other emerging industries of strategic importance, and accelerate the innovation and application of core technologies in key fields to enhance the country’s capacity of ensuring supply of productive factors and foster new drivers for industrial development. We will promote the integration and innovation of biotechnology and information technology, accelerate the development of biomedicine, biological breeding, biomaterials, bioenergy, and other industries, to enhance bioeconomy in size and strength. We will continue to promote and adopt the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and facilitate its high-quality industrial development. We will further promote projects to develop China’s strategic emerging industry clusters, improve the mechanisms for organization, management, and professional promotion of industrial clusters, build public service complexes for innovation, and create growth drivers for emerging industries of strategic importance which have different characteristics, complementary advantages, and a reasonable structure. We will encourage technological innovation and the merger and restructuring of enterprises and avoid low-level replication. We will give full play to the guiding role of industrial investment funds and increase financing guarantee and risk compensation.

第二節 前瞻謀劃未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)

II. Forward-looking technology planning 

在類(lèi)腦智能、量子信息、基因技術(shù)、未來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò )、深?？仗扉_(kāi)發(fā)、氫能與儲能等前沿科技和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革領(lǐng)域,組織實(shí)施未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)孵化與加速計劃,謀劃布局一批未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)。在科教資源優(yōu)勢突出、產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎雄厚的地區,布局一批國家未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)研究院,加強前沿技術(shù)多路徑探索、交叉融合和顛覆性技術(shù)供給。實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)跨界融合示范工程,打造未來(lái)技術(shù)應用場(chǎng)景,加速形成若干未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)。

In brain-like intelligence, quantum information, genetic technology, future network, deep-sea and aerospace exploration, hydrogen energy and energy storage, and other areas of cutting-edge technology and industrial transformation, we will organize and implement the plan for incubating and accelerating industries of the future, and plan and create a layout for such industries. In areas where we have prominent advantages in science and education resources and strong industrial foundation, we will establish a number of national research institutes on industrial technology of the future to strengthen multi-path exploration and multidisciplinary integration of cutting-edge technology and supply of disruptive technology, implement cross-sector industry integration demonstration projects, create future technology application scenarios, and accelerate the formation of industries of the future.

第十章 促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展

Chapter 10 Development of the Service Sector

聚焦產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級和居民消費升級需要,擴大服務(wù)業(yè)有效供給,提高服務(wù)效率和服務(wù)品質(zhì),構建優(yōu)質(zhì)高效、結構優(yōu)化、競爭力強的服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)新體系。

In tandem with industrial transformation, and in response to increased needs of consumers, expansion of the service sector is envisaged, requiring a major increase in service delivery, as well as in the efficiency and quality of services to build a new service sector system that is optimized and competitive.

第一節 推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)融合化發(fā)展

I. Integrated development of producer services

以服務(wù)制造業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展為導向,推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)向專(zhuān)業(yè)化和價(jià)值鏈高端延伸。聚焦提高產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng )新力,加快發(fā)展研發(fā)設計、工業(yè)設計、商務(wù)咨詢(xún)、檢驗檢測認證等服務(wù)。聚焦提高要素配置效率,推動(dòng)供應鏈金融、信息數據、人力資源等服務(wù)創(chuàng )新發(fā)展。聚焦增強全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈優(yōu)勢,提高現代物流、采購分銷(xiāo)、生產(chǎn)控制、運營(yíng)管理、售后服務(wù)等發(fā)展水平。推動(dòng)現代服務(wù)業(yè)與先進(jìn)制造業(yè)、現代農業(yè)深度融合,深化業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)聯(lián)、鏈條延伸、技術(shù)滲透,支持智能制造系統解決方案、流程再造等新型專(zhuān)業(yè)化服務(wù)機構發(fā)展。培育具有國際競爭力的服務(wù)企業(yè)。

With the aim of developing high-quality manufacturing, we will promote the specialization of producer services and their movement towards the high-end of the value chain. Focusing on industrial innovation, we will accelerate the development of R&D design, industrial design, business consulting, inspection, testing, and certification services. To allocate factors of production more efficiently, we will promote the innovative development of supply chain finance, information and data, human resources, and other services. We will strengthen the complete industrial chain and improve modern logistics, procurement and distribution, production control, operation management, and after-sales service. We will promote the in-depth integration of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture, deepen business connections, chain extension, and technology penetration, support the development of new professional organizations offering services such as intelligent manufacturing system and process re-engineering solutions, and foster internationally competitive service enterprises.

第二節 加快生活性服務(wù)業(yè)品質(zhì)化發(fā)展

II. Development of consumer services

以提升便利度和改善服務(wù)體驗為導向,推動(dòng)生活性服務(wù)業(yè)向高品質(zhì)和多樣化升級。加快發(fā)展健康、養老、托育、文化、旅游、體育、物業(yè)等服務(wù)業(yè),加強公益性、基礎性服務(wù)業(yè)供給,擴大覆蓋全生命期的各類(lèi)服務(wù)供給。持續推動(dòng)家政服務(wù)業(yè)提質(zhì)擴容,與智慧社區、養老托育等融合發(fā)展。鼓勵商貿流通業(yè)態(tài)與模式創(chuàng )新,推進(jìn)數字化智能化改造和跨界融合,線(xiàn)上線(xiàn)下全渠道滿(mǎn)足消費需求。加快完善養老、家政等服務(wù)標準,健全生活性服務(wù)業(yè)認證認可制度,推動(dòng)生活性服務(wù)業(yè)誠信化職業(yè)化發(fā)展。

To enhance convenience and improve the service experience, we will push a shift of consumer services towards higher quality and greater diversity; accelerate the development of health, elderly care, child care, culture, tourism, sports, property management, and other services; strengthen the supply of basic services oriented towards public interests; expand the supply of all kinds of services covering the whole life cycle; and continue to improve the quality and expand the scale of domestic services, to integrate them into the development of smart communities, elderly care, and child care. We will encourage innovation of commercial circulation and business forms and models, promote the upgrade of digital and smart technologies and cross-border integration, and fulfillment of consumer demand through online and offline omni-channel services. We will work faster to improve the standards for elderly care, domestic services, and other services, improve the certification and accreditation system for consumer services and promote the integrity and professional development of the services.

第三節 深化服務(wù)領(lǐng)域改革開(kāi)放

III. Reform and opening-up in the service sector

擴大服務(wù)業(yè)對內對外開(kāi)放,進(jìn)一步放寬市場(chǎng)準入,全面清理不合理的限制條件,鼓勵社會(huì )力量擴大多元化多層次服務(wù)供給。完善支持服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策體系,創(chuàng )新適應服務(wù)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式和產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展需要的土地、財稅、金融、價(jià)格等政策。健全服務(wù)質(zhì)量標準體系,強化標準貫徹執行和推廣。加快制定重點(diǎn)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域監管目錄、流程和標準,構建高效協(xié)同的服務(wù)業(yè)監管體系。完善服務(wù)領(lǐng)域人才職稱(chēng)評定制度,鼓勵從業(yè)人員參加職業(yè)技能培訓和鑒定。深入推進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)綜合改革試點(diǎn)和擴大開(kāi)放。

We will further open the service sector to the domestic and international markets, relax market access, comprehensively reduce unreasonable restrictions and encourage social forces to expand the provision of diversified service at various levels. We will improve the policy system supporting the development of the service sector, and develop new policies on land, taxation, finance, and pricing, which can adapt to the needs of new service business formats and models and industrial integration. We will improve the service quality standards and systems, push the implementation and promotion of the standards, accelerate the development of regulatory catalogs, processes and standards for key service industries, and build an efficient and collaborative regulatory system for the service sector. We will improve the system for appraisal of professional titles for people in the service sector, encourage employees to participate in vocational skills training and appraisal, and push forward the comprehensive pilot reform and opening-up of the service sector.

第十一章 建設現代化基礎設施體系

Chapter 11 Modern Infrastructure 

統籌推進(jìn)傳統基礎設施和新型基礎設施建設,打造系統完備、高效實(shí)用、智能綠色、安全可靠的現代化基礎設施體系。

A holistic approach will be adopted to infrastructure development, which covers traditional and new types of infrastructure, so as to build a modern network of infrastructure that is efficient, practical, smart, eco-friendly, safe, and reliable.

第一節 加快建設新型基礎設施

I. Construction of new types of infrastructure

圍繞強化數字轉型、智能升級、融合創(chuàng )新支撐,布局建設信息基礎設施、融合基礎設施、創(chuàng )新基礎設施等新型基礎設施。建設高速泛在、天地一體、集成互聯(lián)、安全高效的信息基礎設施,增強數據感知、傳輸、存儲和運算能力。加快5G網(wǎng)絡(luò )規?；渴?用戶(hù)普及率提高到56%,推廣升級千兆光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò )。前瞻布局6G網(wǎng)絡(luò )技術(shù)儲備。擴容骨干網(wǎng)互聯(lián)節點(diǎn),新設一批國際通信出入口,全面推進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議第六版(IPv6)商用部署。實(shí)施中西部地區中小城市基礎網(wǎng)絡(luò )完善工程。推動(dòng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)全面發(fā)展,打造支持固移融合、寬窄結合的物聯(lián)接入能力。加快構建全國一體化大數據中心體系,強化算力統籌智能調度,建設若干國家樞紐節點(diǎn)和大數據中心集群,建設E級和10E級超級計算中心。積極穩妥發(fā)展工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和車(chē)聯(lián)網(wǎng)。打造全球覆蓋、高效運行的通信、導航、遙感空間基礎設施體系,建設商業(yè)航天發(fā)射場(chǎng)。加快交通、能源、市政等傳統基礎設施數字化改造,加強泛在感知、終端聯(lián)網(wǎng)、智能調度體系建設。發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)主導作用,打通多元化投資渠道,構建新型基礎設施標準體系。

With the aim of strengthening the support for digital transformation, intelligent upgrade, and integrated innovation, we will build new types of infrastructure in such areas as information technology, integration, and innovation. We will build high-speed, ubiquitous, secure, and efficient information infrastructure with a space-ground integrated network and integrated interconnection, and enhance the capabilities of data sensing, transmission, storage, and computing. We will accelerate the large-scale deployment of 5G network with the user penetration rate increasing to 56%, promote the upgrade of gigabit optical network, and make arrangement for the 6G network technology reserve with foresight. We will expand the backbone network interconnection nodes, set up new international communication passageways, fully advance the commercial deployment of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), and implement projects for improving basic networks in small and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions. We will promote the all-round development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and build IoT access capability that supports fixed-mobile convergence with a combination of broad and narrow bands. We will accelerate the building of an integrated national system of big data centers, strengthen the overall planning and intelligent scheduling of computing power, build national hub nodes and big data center clusters as well as E-level and 10E-level supercomputing centers. We will dynamically and stably develop the Industrial Internet and Internet of Vehicles; build a highly efficient communications, navigation, and remote sensing space infrastructure network with a global coverage, as well as establish commercial space launch sites. We will accelerate the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure for transportation, energy, and urban utilities, and intensify our efforts in developing ubiquitous sensing, terminal networking, and intelligent scheduling system. We will give full play to the leading role of the market, open up diverse channels for investment, and create a system of standards for new types of infrastructure.

第二節 加快建設交通強國

II. Improving transportation

建設現代化綜合交通運輸體系,推進(jìn)各種運輸方式一體化融合發(fā)展,提高網(wǎng)絡(luò )效應和運營(yíng)效率。完善綜合運輸大通道,加強出疆入藏、中西部地區、沿江沿海沿邊戰略骨干通道建設,有序推進(jìn)能力緊張通道升級擴容,加強與周邊國家互聯(lián)互通。構建快速網(wǎng),基本貫通“八縱八橫”高速鐵路,提升國家高速公路網(wǎng)絡(luò )質(zhì)量,加快建設世界級港口群和機場(chǎng)群。完善干線(xiàn)網(wǎng),加快普速鐵路建設和既有鐵路電氣化改造,優(yōu)化鐵路客貨布局,推進(jìn)普通國省道瓶頸路段貫通升級,推動(dòng)內河高等級航道擴能升級,穩步建設支線(xiàn)機場(chǎng)、通用機場(chǎng)和貨運機場(chǎng),積極發(fā)展通用航空。加強郵政設施建設,實(shí)施快遞“進(jìn)村進(jìn)廠(chǎng)出?！惫こ?。推進(jìn)城市群都市圈交通一體化,加快城際鐵路、市域(郊)鐵路建設,構建高速公路環(huán)線(xiàn)系統,有序推進(jìn)城市軌道交通發(fā)展。提高交通通達深度,推動(dòng)區域性鐵路建設,加快沿邊抵邊公路建設,繼續推進(jìn)“四好農村路”建設,完善道路安全設施。構建多層級、一體化綜合交通樞紐體系,優(yōu)化樞紐場(chǎng)站布局、促進(jìn)集約綜合開(kāi)發(fā),完善集疏運系統,發(fā)展旅客聯(lián)程運輸和貨物多式聯(lián)運,推廣全程“一站式”、“一單制”服務(wù)。推進(jìn)中歐班列集結中心建設。深入推進(jìn)鐵路企業(yè)改革,全面深化空管體制改革,推動(dòng)公路收費制度和養護體制改革。

China will build a modern comprehensive transportation system, promote the integrated development of various modes of transportation, and improve the network effect and operational efficiency. We will improve the comprehensive transportation corridors, intensify the construction of strategic trunk corridors with improved access to Xinjiang and Tibet, the central and western regions, and regions along the coast, rivers, and border areas, promote in an orderly manner the upgrade and expansion of corridors in congested sections, and strengthen interconnectivity with neighboring countries. We will build a network of expressways, complete the network of “eight vertical and eight horizontal” high-speed railways, improve the quality of the national highway network, and accelerate the construction of world-class port and airport clusters. We will improve the network of trunk railways, accelerate the construction of standard rail lines and the electrification of existing railways, optimize the distribution of passenger and freight railways, make progress in breaking through and upgrading bottleneck sections in normal national and provincial highways, make progress in the expansion and upgrade of high-grade inland waterways, steadily build feeder airports, general airports, and freight airports, and actively develop the general aviation industry. China will strengthen the construction of postal facilities and implement the express delivery project to ensure villages’ access to the service, promote the integration between express delivery and manufacturing, and to encourage the development of international delivery service. We will promote the integration of transportation in city clusters and metropolitan areas, accelerate the construction of intercity and suburban railways, build systems of ring expressways, and develop urban rail transit in an orderly manner. We will improve the coverage of transportation services, promote the construction of regional railways and roads along the borders and leading to border areas, continue to ensure that rural roads are well built, managed, maintained, and operated, and improve road safety facilities. China will build a multi-tier and integrated transportation hub system, optimize the hub station layout, promote intensive and comprehensive development, improve the collection and distribution system, develop intermodal passenger and cargo transport, and promote the one-stop and “one bill of lading” services for the entire trip. We will also promote the construction of China-Europe Railway Express assembly centers. In addition, reforms will be thoroughly carried out in railway enterprises, the air traffic control system, and the highway toll system and maintenance mechanism.

第三節 構建現代能源體系

III. Building a modern energy system

推進(jìn)能源革命,建設清潔低碳、安全高效的能源體系,提高能源供給保障能力。加快發(fā)展非化石能源,堅持集中式和分布式并舉,大力提升風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電規模,加快發(fā)展東中部分布式能源,有序發(fā)展海上風(fēng)電,加快西南水電基地建設,安全穩妥推動(dòng)沿海核電建設,建設一批多能互補的清潔能源基地,非化石能源占能源消費總量比重提高到20%左右。推動(dòng)煤炭生產(chǎn)向資源富集地區集中,合理控制煤電建設規模和發(fā)展節奏,推進(jìn)以電代煤。有序放開(kāi)油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)市場(chǎng)準入,加快深海、深層和非常規油氣資源利用,推動(dòng)油氣增儲上產(chǎn)。因地制宜開(kāi)發(fā)利用地熱能。提高特高壓輸電通道利用率。加快電網(wǎng)基礎設施智能化改造和智能微電網(wǎng)建設,提高電力系統互補互濟和智能調節能力,加強源網(wǎng)荷儲銜接,提升清潔能源消納和存儲能力,提升向邊遠地區輸配電能力,推進(jìn)煤電靈活性改造,加快抽水蓄能電站建設和新型儲能技術(shù)規?；瘧?。完善煤炭跨區域運輸通道和集疏運體系,加快建設天然氣主干管道,完善油氣互聯(lián)互通網(wǎng)絡(luò )。

We will promote the energy revolution and build a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system to enhance energy supply capabilities. We will accelerate the development of non-fossil energy by balancing centralization and distribution, vigorously enhance the scale of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, accelerate the development of distributed energy in the central and eastern regions, ensure orderly development of offshore wind power, accelerate the construction of the southwest hydropower base, safely and steadily promote the construction of coastal nuclear power facilities, and build a number of clean energy bases featuring integrated energy development, and increase the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption to about 20%. We will promote the concentration of coal production in resource rich areas and reasonably control the scale and development pace of coal power projects to promote the replacement of coal with electricity. We will liberalize market access for petroleum and natural gas exploration and development in an orderly manner, accelerate the utilization of deep-sea, deep-seated, and unconventional petroleum and natural gas resources, and promote the increase of petroleum and natural gas reserves and production. We will develop and utilize geothermal energy according to local conditions and improve the utilization rate of UHV power transmission channels. We will accelerate the transformation of power grid infrastructure into smart infrastructure as well as the construction of smart microgrids. We will improve power system complementarity and intelligent regulation capabilities, strengthen the coordination of power source, grid, load and storage, enhance clean energy consumption and storage capabilities, and enhance transmission and distribution capacities to remote areas. We will promote flexible transformation of coal power, and accelerate the construction of pumped storage hydroelectric plants and large-scale application of new energy storage technology. We will improve cross-regional coal transportation channels and collection and distribution systems and accelerate the construction of the main natural gas pipelines and the petroleum and natural gas interconnection network.

圖1.“十四五”大型清潔能源基地布局示意圖

Figure 1. Distribution of large-scale clean energy bases in the 14th Five-Year Plan period

第四節 加強水利基礎設施建設

IV. Construction of water conservancy infrastructure

立足流域整體和水資源空間均衡配置,加強跨行政區河流水系治理保護和骨干工程建設,強化大中小微水利設施協(xié)調配套,提升水資源優(yōu)化配置和水旱災害防御能力。堅持節水優(yōu)先,完善水資源配置體系,建設水資源配置骨干項目,加強重點(diǎn)水源和城市應急備用水源工程建設。實(shí)施防洪提升工程,解決防汛薄弱環(huán)節,加快防洪控制性樞紐工程建設和中小河流治理、病險水庫除險加固,全面推進(jìn)堤防和蓄滯洪區建設。加強水源涵養區保護修復,加大重點(diǎn)河湖保護和綜合治理力度,恢復水清岸綠的水生態(tài)體系。

Based on the overall and spatially balanced allocation of water resources in the drainage basins, we will strengthen the coordination between administrative divisions in river system management and protection and key project construction, and strengthen the coordination of small, medium, and large water conservancy facilities to enhance the optimal allocation of water resources as well as flood and drought disaster prevention capabilities. By prioritizing water conservation, we will improve the water resources allocation system, build key water resource allocation projects, and strengthen the development of key water sources and urban emergency backup water projects. We will implement flood control improvement projects to solve weak links, accelerate the construction of pivotal flood control projects, enhance the management of small and medium rivers, reinforce dilapidated reservoirs, and fully advance the construction of dikes and flood storage and detention basins. We will strengthen the protection and restoration of water conservation areas and the protection and comprehensive management of key rivers and lakes and restore the water ecosystem to ensure clear waters and green shores.

第四篇 形成強大國內市場(chǎng) 構建新發(fā)展格局

Part IV A Robust Domestic Market and a New Development Paradigm

堅持擴大內需這個(gè)戰略基點(diǎn),加快培育完整內需體系,把實(shí)施擴大內需戰略同深化供給側結構性改革有機結合起來(lái),以創(chuàng )新驅動(dòng)、高質(zhì)量供給引領(lǐng)和創(chuàng )造新需求,加快構建以國內大循環(huán)為主體、國內國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局。

Expanding domestic demand is of strategic importance, and should occur in lockstep with supply-side structural reforms, with innovation and quality improvement driving new demand. A new “dual circulation” development paradigm will assign a central role to the domestic market, with domestic and overseas markets complementing each other. 

第十二章 暢通國內大循環(huán)

Chapter 12 Greater Domestic Circulation

依托強大國內市場(chǎng),貫通生產(chǎn)、分配、流通、消費各環(huán)節,形成需求牽引供給、供給創(chuàng )造需求的更高水平動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,促進(jìn)國民經(jīng)濟良性循環(huán)。

More reliance on the strong domestic market, and more seamless connection of economic processes, such as production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, will help remove impediments to rational flows of factors of production, and contribute to supply-demand equilibrium, conducive to creating a virtuous economic circle.

第一節 提升供給體系適配性

I. Supply chain adaptability

深化供給側結構性改革,提高供給適應引領(lǐng)創(chuàng )造新需求能力。適應個(gè)性化、差異化、品質(zhì)化消費需求,推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)模式和產(chǎn)業(yè)組織方式創(chuàng )新,持續擴大優(yōu)質(zhì)消費品、中高端產(chǎn)品供給和教育、醫療、養老等服務(wù)供給,提升產(chǎn)品服務(wù)質(zhì)量和客戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意度,推動(dòng)供需協(xié)調匹配。優(yōu)化提升供給結構,促進(jìn)農業(yè)、制造業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)、能源資源等產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調發(fā)展。完善產(chǎn)業(yè)配套體系,加快自然壟斷行業(yè)競爭性環(huán)節市場(chǎng)化,實(shí)現上下游、產(chǎn)供銷(xiāo)有效銜接。健全市場(chǎng)化法治化化解過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能長(cháng)效機制,完善企業(yè)兼并重組法律法規和配套政策。建立健全質(zhì)量分級制度,加快標準升級迭代和國際標準轉化應用。開(kāi)展中國品牌創(chuàng )建行動(dòng),保護發(fā)展中華老字號,提升自主品牌影響力和競爭力,率先在化妝品、服裝、家紡、電子產(chǎn)品等消費品領(lǐng)域培育一批高端品牌。

China will deepen the supply-side structural reform and improve the ability of supply to adapt to and lead the creation of new demand. By adapting to the customized, differentiated, and quality consumption demand, and by promoting innovation in production models and industrial organization models, the country will continue to expand the supply of high-quality consumer goods, medium and high-end products, and services in education, medical care, and elderly care, and improve product service quality and customer satisfaction to promote supply and demand coordination and matching. By optimizing and improving the supply structure, we will facilitate the coordinated development of agriculture, manufacturing, services, energy resources, and other industries; accelerate the marketization of competitive links in naturally monopolistic industries and achieve effective convergence of upstream and downstream industries in production, supply, and marketing by completing the industry support system. We will improve the long-term mechanism of marketization and the rule of law to resolve excess capacity, as well as the laws, regulations, and supporting policies for enterprise mergers and acquisitions as well as restructuring; establish and improve the quality classification system, accelerate the upgrade and iteration of standards and transformation and application of international standards; and launch the Chinese brands program, including the protection and development of China Time-Honored Brands, enhance the influence and competitiveness of our own brands, take the lead to foster a number of high-end brands in cosmetics, clothing, home textiles, electronic products, and other consumer goods.

第二節 促進(jìn)資源要素順暢流動(dòng)

II. Smooth flows of resources 

破除制約要素合理流動(dòng)的堵點(diǎn),矯正資源要素失衡錯配,從源頭上暢通國民經(jīng)濟循環(huán)。提高金融服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟能力,健全實(shí)體經(jīng)濟中長(cháng)期資金供給制度安排,創(chuàng )新直達實(shí)體經(jīng)濟的金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),增強多層次資本市場(chǎng)融資功能。實(shí)施房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)平穩健康發(fā)展長(cháng)效機制,促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟均衡發(fā)展。有效提升勞動(dòng)者技能,提高就業(yè)質(zhì)量和收入水平,形成人力資本提升和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級良性循環(huán)。健全城鄉要素自由流動(dòng)機制,構建區域產(chǎn)業(yè)梯度轉移格局,促進(jìn)城鄉區域良性互動(dòng)。

China will remove impediments to the rational flow of the factors of production, rectify the imbalance and mismatch of resource factors, and facilitate the circulation of national economy at the source. We will improve the ability of financial services serving the real economy and the institutional arrangements for medium- and long-term capital supply in the real economy, innovate financial products and services that directly impact the real economy, and enhance the financing function of the multi-tier capital market. We will implement a long-term mechanism for the steady and healthy development of the real estate market and promote the balanced development of real estate and the real economy. We will effectively improve the skills of workers, improve the quality of employment and income level, and form a virtuous circle of human capital promotion and industrial transformation and upgrade. We will improve the mechanism of free flow of factors in urban and rural areas, build a cross-region industrial transfer pattern, and promote positive interaction between urban and rural areas.

第三節 強化流通體系支撐作用

III. Strengthening the supporting role of the circulation system

深化流通體制改革,暢通商品服務(wù)流通渠道,提升流通效率,降低全社會(huì )交易成本。加快構建國內統一大市場(chǎng),對標國際先進(jìn)規則和最佳實(shí)踐優(yōu)化市場(chǎng)環(huán)境,促進(jìn)不同地區和行業(yè)標準、規則、政策協(xié)調統一,有效破除地方保護、行業(yè)壟斷和市場(chǎng)分割。建設現代物流體系,加快發(fā)展冷鏈物流,統籌物流樞紐設施、骨干線(xiàn)路、區域分撥中心和末端配送節點(diǎn)建設,完善國家物流樞紐、骨干冷鏈物流基地設施條件,健全縣鄉村三級物流配送體系,發(fā)展高鐵快運等鐵路快捷貨運產(chǎn)品,加強國際航空貨運能力建設,提升國際海運競爭力。優(yōu)化國際物流通道,加快形成內外聯(lián)通、安全高效的物流網(wǎng)絡(luò )。完善現代商貿流通體系,培育一批具有全球競爭力的現代流通企業(yè),支持便利店、農貿市場(chǎng)等商貿流通設施改造升級,發(fā)展無(wú)接觸交易服務(wù),加強商貿流通標準化建設和綠色發(fā)展。加快建立儲備充足、反應迅速、抗沖擊能力強的應急物流體系。

We will deepen the reform of the circulation system, improve the circulation channels of goods and services, increase the circulation efficiency, and reduce the transaction costs of the whole society. We will accelerate the development of a unified domestic market, optimize the market environment according to internationally advanced rules and best practices, promote the coordination and unification of standards, rules, and policies of different regions and industries, and effectively break down local protection, industry monopolies, and market segmentation. We will build a modern logistics system, accelerate the development of cold chain logistics, coordinate the construction of logistics hub facilities, key lines, regional distribution centers, and terminal distribution nodes, improve the facilities of national logistics hubs and key cold chain logistics bases, improve the logistics distribution system at county, township, and village levels, develop high-speed rail express and other railway express freight products, and strengthen the development of international air freight capacity and the competitiveness of international ocean shipping. We will optimize the international logistics channels and accelerate the formation of an interconnected, safe and efficient logistics network. We will improve the modern commercial circulation system, foster globally competitive modern circulation enterprises, support the transformation and upgrade of commercial circulation facilities such as convenience stores and farmers’ markets, develop contactless trading services, and strengthen the standardization and green development of commercial circulation. We will accelerate the establishment of a resilient emergency logistics system featuring sufficient reserves and rapid responses.

第四節 完善促進(jìn)國內大循環(huán)的政策體系

IV. Policies to facilitate domestic circulation

保持合理的財政支出力度和赤字率水平,完善減稅降費政策,構建有利于企業(yè)擴大投資、增加研發(fā)投入、調節收入分配、減輕消費者負擔的稅收制度。保持流動(dòng)性合理充裕,保持貨幣供應量和社會(huì )融資規模增速同名義經(jīng)濟增速基本匹配,創(chuàng )新結構性政策工具,引導金融機構加大對重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節支持力度,規范發(fā)展消費信貸。推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策向普惠化和功能性轉型,強化競爭政策基礎性地位,支持技術(shù)創(chuàng )新和結構升級。健全與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平相適應的收入分配、社會(huì )保障和公共服務(wù)制度。

China will maintain a reasonable level of fiscal expenditure and deficit ratio, improve tax and fee reduction policies, and build a tax system that is conducive to increasing investment by enterprises, increasing R&D investment, adjusting income distribution, and reducing the burden on consumers. We will maintain reasonably adequate liquidity, ensure the increases in money supply and aggregate financing are generally in step with economic growth in nominal terms, innovate structural policy tools to guide financial institutions in increasing support for key areas and weak links, and standardize the development of consumer credit. We will develop more inclusive  industry policies with a greater emphasis on functions, strengthen the fundamental role of competition policies, and support technological innovation and structural upgrade. We will improve the systems of income distribution, social security, and public services to be commensurate with the level of economic growth.

第十三章 促進(jìn)國內國際雙循環(huán)

Chapter 13 Domestic and International Circulation

立足國內大循環(huán),協(xié)同推進(jìn)強大國內市場(chǎng)和貿易強國建設,形成全球資源要素強大引力場(chǎng),促進(jìn)內需和外需、進(jìn)口和出口、引進(jìn)外資和對外投資協(xié)調發(fā)展,加快培育參與國際合作和競爭新優(yōu)勢。

Greater domestic circulation creates a dynamic domestic market, spurs trade, attracts global resources, and stimulates internal and external demand, import and export, and inbound and outbound investment. It contributes to international cooperation and helps sharpen China’s competitive edge.

第一節 推動(dòng)進(jìn)出口協(xié)同發(fā)展

I. Import and export

完善內外貿一體化調控體系,促進(jìn)內外貿法律法規、監管體制、經(jīng)營(yíng)資質(zhì)、質(zhì)量標準、檢驗檢疫、認證認可等相銜接,推進(jìn)同線(xiàn)同標同質(zhì)。降低進(jìn)口關(guān)稅和制度性成本,擴大優(yōu)質(zhì)消費品、先進(jìn)技術(shù)、重要設備、能源資源等進(jìn)口,促進(jìn)進(jìn)口來(lái)源多元化。完善出口政策,優(yōu)化出口商品質(zhì)量和結構,穩步提高出口附加值。優(yōu)化國際市場(chǎng)布局,引導企業(yè)深耕傳統出口市場(chǎng)、拓展新興市場(chǎng),擴大與周邊國家貿易規模,穩定國際市場(chǎng)份額。推動(dòng)加工貿易轉型升級,深化外貿轉型升級基地、海關(guān)特殊監管區域、貿易促進(jìn)平臺、國際營(yíng)銷(xiāo)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò )建設,加快發(fā)展跨境電商、市場(chǎng)采購貿易等新模式,鼓勵建設海外倉,保障外貿產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈暢通運轉。創(chuàng )新發(fā)展服務(wù)貿易,推進(jìn)服務(wù)貿易創(chuàng )新發(fā)展試點(diǎn)開(kāi)放平臺建設,提升貿易數字化水平。實(shí)施貿易投資融合工程。辦好中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì )、中國進(jìn)出口商品交易會(huì )、中國國際服務(wù)貿易交易會(huì )等展會(huì )。

We will improve the integrated regulatory system for internal and external trade, and better coordinate the laws and regulations, regulatory systems, business qualifications, quality standards, inspection and quarantine, certification, and accreditation in both areas. We will ensure that products sold in the home market have been produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and are of the same quality as those exported. We will reduce import tariffs and institutional costs, expand imports of high-quality consumer goods, advanced technology, important equipment, and energy resources, and promote the diversification of import sources; and improve export policies, optimize the quality and structure of exports, and steadily increase the added-value of exports. We will optimize the plan for the international market, guide enterprises to better explore traditional export markets, expand their presence in emerging markets and boost trade with neighboring countries, and stabilize their international market share. We will promote the transformation and upgrade of processing trade, enhance the construction of foreign trade transformation and upgrade bases, special customs supervision areas, trade promotion platforms, and international marketing service networks, accelerate the development of new models such as cross-border e-commerce and market procurement, and encourage the construction of overseas warehouses to ensure the smooth operation of the industrial and supply chains for foreign trade. We will innovatively develop service trade, promote the pilot creation of an open platform for innovative development of service trade, and improve trade digitization. We will implement trade and investment integration projects, and ensure the success of China International Import Expo, China Import and Export Fair, China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS), and other exhibitions.

第二節 提高國際雙向投資水平

II. International two-way investment

堅持引進(jìn)來(lái)和走出去并重,以高水平雙向投資高效利用全球資源要素和市場(chǎng)空間,完善產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈保障機制,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力提升。更大力度吸引和利用外資,有序推進(jìn)電信、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、教育、文化、醫療等領(lǐng)域相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)放。全面優(yōu)化外商投資服務(wù),加強外商投資促進(jìn)和保護,發(fā)揮重大外資項目示范效應,支持外資加大中高端制造、高新技術(shù)、傳統制造轉型升級、現代服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域和中西部地區投資,支持外資企業(yè)設立研發(fā)中心和參與承擔國家科技計劃項目。鼓勵外資企業(yè)利潤再投資。堅持企業(yè)主體,創(chuàng )新境外投資方式,優(yōu)化境外投資結構和布局,提升風(fēng)險防范能力和收益水平。完善境外生產(chǎn)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò )和流通體系,加快金融、咨詢(xún)、會(huì )計、法律等生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)國際化發(fā)展,推動(dòng)中國產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、技術(shù)、品牌、標準走出去。支持企業(yè)融入全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈,提高跨國經(jīng)營(yíng)能力和水平。引導企業(yè)加強合規管理,防范化解境外政治、經(jīng)濟、安全等各類(lèi)風(fēng)險。推進(jìn)多雙邊投資合作機制建設,健全促進(jìn)和保障境外投資政策和服務(wù)體系,推動(dòng)境外投資立法。

China will continue to place equal emphasis on bringing in foreign investments and going global, make efficient use of global resources and market space with high-level two-way investment, improve the industrial and supply chain support mechanism as well as industry competitiveness, make greater efforts to attract and utilize foreign investment, and promote the opening of related businesses in the fields of telecommunications, internet, education, culture, and medical care in an orderly manner. We will comprehensively optimize foreign investment services, strengthen the promotion and protection of foreign investment, give full play to the demonstration effect of major foreign investment projects, support an increase of foreign capital investment in high-end manufacturing, high-tech, traditional manufacturing transformation and upgrade, modern services, and other fields in the central and western regions, as well as support foreign-funded enterprises to set up R&D centers and participate in national science and technology projects. We will encourage foreign-funded enterprises to reinvest their profits, innovate overseas investment methods, optimize the structure and layout of overseas investment with enterprises as the main players, and improve the risk prevention capacity and income level. We will improve the overseas producer services network and circulation system, accelerate the international development of producer services in finance, consulting, accounting, and law, and promote Chinese products, services, technologies, brands, and standards to go global. We will support enterprises to integrate into the global industrial and supply chain, improve the transnational operation capacity and level, and guide enterprises to strengthen compliance management so they can prevent and resolve overseas political, economic, security, and other risks. We will promote the development of multilateral and bilateral investment cooperation mechanisms and improve policies and service systems for promoting and protecting overseas investments, as well as the legislation on overseas investment.

第十四章 加快培育完整內需體系

Chapter 14 Strategies to Boost Domestic Demand 

深入實(shí)施擴大內需戰略,增強消費對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基礎性作用和投資對優(yōu)化供給結構的關(guān)鍵性作用,建設消費和投資需求旺盛的強大國內市場(chǎng)。

Strategies to expand domestic demand will be implemented to enhance the role of consumption in economic growth and allow investment to play a key role in improving the supply structure. This shift is expected to lead to a stronger domestic market and stronger demand for consumption and investment.

第一節 全面促進(jìn)消費

I. Expanding consumption

順應居民消費升級趨勢,把擴大消費同改善人民生活品質(zhì)結合起來(lái),促進(jìn)消費向綠色、健康、安全發(fā)展,穩步提高居民消費水平。提升傳統消費,加快推動(dòng)汽車(chē)等消費品由購買(mǎi)管理向使用管理轉變,健全強制報廢制度和廢舊家電、消費電子等耐用消費品回收處理體系,促進(jìn)住房消費健康發(fā)展。培育新型消費,發(fā)展信息消費、數字消費、綠色消費,鼓勵定制、體驗、智能、時(shí)尚消費等新模式新業(yè)態(tài)發(fā)展。發(fā)展服務(wù)消費,放寬服務(wù)消費領(lǐng)域市場(chǎng)準入,推動(dòng)教育培訓、醫療健康、養老托育、文旅體育等消費提質(zhì)擴容,加快線(xiàn)上線(xiàn)下融合發(fā)展。適當增加公共消費,提高公共服務(wù)支出效率。擴大節假日消費,完善節假日制度,全面落實(shí)帶薪休假制度。培育建設國際消費中心城市,打造一批區域消費中心。完善城鄉融合消費網(wǎng)絡(luò ),擴大電子商務(wù)進(jìn)農村覆蓋面,改善縣城消費環(huán)境,推動(dòng)農村消費梯次升級。完善市內免稅店政策,規劃建設一批中國特色市內免稅店。采取增加居民收入與減負并舉等措施,不斷擴大中等收入群體,持續釋放消費潛力。強化消費者權益保護,完善質(zhì)量標準和后評價(jià)體系,健全缺陷產(chǎn)品召回、產(chǎn)品傷害監測、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量擔保等制度,完善多元化消費維權機制和糾紛解決機制。

In line with the public consumption upgrade trend, we will combine the expansion of consumption with the improvement in people’s living standards, promote the green, healthy, and safe development of consumption, and steadily improve people’s consumption. We will upgrade traditional consumption, accelerate the shift from purchase management to usage management for automobiles and other consumer goods, improve the mandatory end-of-life system and recycling system for used home appliances, consumer electronics, and other durables, and promote the healthy development of housing consumption. We will foster new consumption patterns, develop information consumption, digital consumption, and green consumption, and encourage the development of customization, experience, intelligence, and fashion consumption and other new business formats and models. We will develop service consumption, relax restrictions on market access in the field of service consumption, promote the improvement and expansion of consumption in education and training, medical and health care, elderly care, child care, culture, tourism, and sports, and accelerate the integration and development of online and offline consumption. We will appropriately increase public consumption and improve the efficiency of public service expenditure, and expand holiday consumption, improve the holiday system, and fully implement the paid holiday system. We will foster and build international consumption center cities, create a group of regional consumption centers, improve the integrated urban-rural consumption network, expand the coverage of e-commerce in rural areas, improve the consumption environment in counties, and promote the upgrade of rural consumption. We will improve the policy for duty-free shops in cities and build duty-free shops with Chinese characteristics. We will take measures to increase people’s income and alleviate their burdens, to continuously expand the middle-income groups and release their consumption potential. We will better safeguard consumers’ rights and interests, improve the quality standards and post evaluation system as well as the systems for defective product recall, product-related injury monitoring, and product quality guarantee, and improve the diversified consumer rights protection mechanism and dispute resolution mechanism.

第二節 拓展投資空間

II. Expanding investment opportunities

優(yōu)化投資結構,提高投資效率,保持投資合理增長(cháng)。加快補齊基礎設施、市政工程、農業(yè)農村、公共安全、生態(tài)環(huán)保、公共衛生、物資儲備、防災減災、民生保障等領(lǐng)域短板,推動(dòng)企業(yè)設備更新和技術(shù)改造,擴大戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)投資。推進(jìn)既促消費惠民生又調結構增后勁的新型基礎設施、新型城鎮化、交通水利等重大工程建設。面向服務(wù)國家重大戰略,實(shí)施川藏鐵路、西部陸海新通道、國家水網(wǎng)、雅魯藏布江下游水電開(kāi)發(fā)、星際探測、北斗產(chǎn)業(yè)化等重大工程,推進(jìn)重大科研設施、重大生態(tài)系統保護修復、公共衛生應急保障、重大引調水、防洪減災、送電輸氣、沿邊沿江沿海交通等一批強基礎、增功能、利長(cháng)遠的重大項目建設。深化投融資體制改革,發(fā)揮政府投資撬動(dòng)作用,激發(fā)民間投資活力,形成市場(chǎng)主導的投資內生增長(cháng)機制。健全項目謀劃、儲備、推進(jìn)機制,加大資金、用地等要素保障力度,加快投資項目落地見(jiàn)效。規范有序推進(jìn)政府和社會(huì )資本合作(PPP),推動(dòng)基礎設施領(lǐng)域不動(dòng)產(chǎn)投資信托基金(REITs)健康發(fā)展,有效盤(pán)活存量資產(chǎn),形成存量資產(chǎn)和新增投資的良性循環(huán)。

We will optimize the investment structure, improve the investment efficiency, and maintain reasonable investment growth. We will move faster to strengthen weak areas in infrastructure, urban utilities, agriculture and rural areas, public safety, ecological and environmental protection, public health, material reserves, disaster prevention and mitigation, people’s livelihood, and other fields, promote the upgrade of enterprise equipment and technological transformation, and expand investment in emerging industries of strategic importance. We will promote major projects concerning new infrastructure, new urbanization, transportation, and water conservancy that will not only boost consumption and benefit people’s livelihood, but also help adjust the structure to gain more momentum. To serve the major national strategies, we will implement major projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, the new western land-sea corridor, the national water network, hydropower development in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, interstellar exploration, and the industrial development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, and promote major research facilities and projects in the areas of ecosystem protection and restoration, public health emergency response, water diversion, flood control, disaster reduction, power and gas transmission, and transportation along the coast, rivers, and border areas, thereby providing a solid foundation, increased functions, and long-term benefits. We will deepen investment and financing reforms, leverage the government’s role in investment to stimulate private investments, and establish a market-oriented endogenous growth mechanism for investment. We will improve project planning, reserve and promotion mechanism, increase the support for capital, land, and other factors of production, and accelerate the implementation of investment projects. We will standardize and promote public-private partnership (PPP) in an orderly manner, promote the healthy development of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in infrastructure, effectively revitalize stock assets, and form a virtuous circle of stock assets and new investment.

第五篇 加快數字化發(fā)展 建設數字中國

Part V An Initiative to Build a Digital China

迎接數字時(shí)代,激活數據要素潛能,推進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò )強國建設,加快建設數字經(jīng)濟、數字社會(huì )、數字政府,以數字化轉型整體驅動(dòng)生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式和治理方式變革。

We will embrace the digital era, unlock the potential of big data, build China’s strength in cyberspace, accelerate the development of a digital economy, a digital society, and a digital government, and transform the pattern of production, lifestyle, and governance models through digital transformation.

第十五章 打造數字經(jīng)濟新優(yōu)勢

Chapter 15 Pole Position in the Digital Economy

充分發(fā)揮海量數據和豐富應用場(chǎng)景優(yōu)勢,促進(jìn)數字技術(shù)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟深度融合,賦能傳統產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級,催生新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式,壯大經(jīng)濟發(fā)展新引擎。

We cannot afford not to tap into the huge potential big data and its innumerable use cases. Greater integration of digital technology and the real economy will power the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and the development of new industries, new forms of business, and new models, which can be new drivers of economic growth.

第一節 加強關(guān)鍵數字技術(shù)創(chuàng )新應用

I. Key digital technologies: innovation and application

聚焦高端芯片、操作系統、人工智能關(guān)鍵算法、傳感器等關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域,加快推進(jìn)基礎理論、基礎算法、裝備材料等研發(fā)突破與迭代應用。加強通用處理器、云計算系統和軟件核心技術(shù)一體化研發(fā)。加快布局量子計算、量子通信、神經(jīng)芯片、DNA存儲等前沿技術(shù),加強信息科學(xué)與生命科學(xué)、材料等基礎學(xué)科的交叉創(chuàng )新,支持數字技術(shù)開(kāi)源社區等創(chuàng )新聯(lián)合體發(fā)展,完善開(kāi)源知識產(chǎn)權和法律體系,鼓勵企業(yè)開(kāi)放軟件源代碼、硬件設計和應用服務(wù)。

Our focus will be on high-end chips, operating systems, key artificial intelligence algorithms, sensors, and other key fields. We will gather pace in making breakthroughs in the research and development of basic theories, basic algorithms and equipment materials and promoting their iterative application. The integrated research and development of general-purpose processors, cloud computing systems, and core software technologies will be pushed forward. Cutting-edge technologies will be developed faster, including quantum computing, quantum communications, neuro-chips, and DNA storage. Innovation will be boosted across information science, life science, materials and other basic disciplines, along with support for the development of innovation consortia including open source communities, improve open source intellectual property rights and legal systems. Enterprises will be encouraged to make available open source codes, hardware design, and application services.

第二節 加快推動(dòng)數字產(chǎn)業(yè)化

II. Development of digital industries

培育壯大人工智能、大數據、區塊鏈、云計算、網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全等新興數字產(chǎn)業(yè),提升通信設備、核心電子元器件、關(guān)鍵軟件等產(chǎn)業(yè)水平。構建基于5G的應用場(chǎng)景和產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài),在智能交通、智慧物流、智慧能源、智慧醫療等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展試點(diǎn)示范。鼓勵企業(yè)開(kāi)放搜索、電商、社交等數據,發(fā)展第三方大數據服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。促進(jìn)共享經(jīng)濟、平臺經(jīng)濟健康發(fā)展。

Emerging digital industries including artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, cloud computing, and cybersecurity will be grown stronger, and the quality of such industries as communications equipment, core electronic components, and key software will be improved. Efforts will be made to develop 5G-based application scenarios and industrial ecosystems, and carry out pilot and demonstration projects in smart transportation, smart logistics, smart energy, smart medical care, and other key fields. Enterprises will be encouraged to provide open access to search, e-commerce, social, and other data. Third-party big data services will be developed, and the healthy growth of the sharing economy and the platform economy will be boosted.

第三節 推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)數字化轉型

III. Digital transformation of traditional industries

實(shí)施“上云用數賦智”行動(dòng),推動(dòng)數據賦能全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈協(xié)同轉型。在重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和區域建設若干國際水準的工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺和數字化轉型促進(jìn)中心,深化研發(fā)設計、生產(chǎn)制造、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理、市場(chǎng)服務(wù)等環(huán)節的數字化應用,培育發(fā)展個(gè)性定制、柔性制造等新模式,加快產(chǎn)業(yè)園區數字化改造。深入推進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)數字化轉型,培育眾包設計、智慧物流、新零售等新增長(cháng)點(diǎn)。加快發(fā)展智慧農業(yè),推進(jìn)農業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)和管理服務(wù)數字化改造。

We will press ahead with cloud-based big data and AI initiatives and promote the data-based collaborative transformation of the entire industrial chain. A number of industrial internet platforms and digital transformation promotion centers up to international standards will be built in key industries and regions. Digital applications will be promoted in R&D and design, manufacturing, operation and management, and market services, new models including customization and flexible manufacturing will developed, and the digital transformation of industrial parks will be accelerated. Digital transformation will be pushed through in the service sector, identify and new sources of growth will be identified, such as crowdsourcing design, smart logistics, and new retail. We will move faster in developing smart agriculture and transform agricultural production, operations, management, and services with digital technologies.

第十六章 加快數字社會(huì )建設步伐

Chapter 16 A Digital Society

適應數字技術(shù)全面融入社會(huì )交往和日常生活新趨勢,促進(jìn)公共服務(wù)和社會(huì )運行方式創(chuàng )新,構筑全民暢享的數字生活。

Greater integration of digital technologies into social interactions and people’s daily life calls for innovation in public services to ensure that the way our society functions better responds to the digital needs of all people.

第一節 提供智慧便捷的公共服務(wù)

I. Smart and easily accessible public services

聚焦教育、醫療、養老、撫幼、就業(yè)、文體、助殘等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域,推動(dòng)數字化服務(wù)普惠應用,持續提升群眾獲得感。推進(jìn)學(xué)校、醫院、養老院等公共服務(wù)機構資源數字化,加大開(kāi)放共享和應用力度。推進(jìn)線(xiàn)上線(xiàn)下公共服務(wù)共同發(fā)展、深度融合,積極發(fā)展在線(xiàn)課堂、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)醫院、智慧圖書(shū)館等,支持高水平公共服務(wù)機構對接基層、邊遠和欠發(fā)達地區,擴大優(yōu)質(zhì)公共服務(wù)資源輻射覆蓋范圍。加強智慧法院建設。鼓勵社會(huì )力量參與“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+公共服務(wù)”,創(chuàng )新提供服務(wù)模式和產(chǎn)品。

Digital services will be applied widely, especially to education, healthcare, elderly care, childcare, employment, culture and sports, care for people with disabilities, and other key areas, ensuring that people have a growing sense of fulfilment. Resources in schools, hospitals, nursing homes, and other public service institutions will be digitalized to offer easier access to them and boost their application. Online and offline public services will be developed at the same time and their in-depth integration will be promoted. More efforts will be channeled into developing online classrooms, internet-based hospitals, and smart libraries. High-standard public service institutions will be encouraged to reach communities, remote areas, and underdeveloped areas. The coverage of high-quality public service resources will be expanded. Progress will be made in developing smart courts. Non-governmental actors will be encouraged to participate in the “Internet + public services” initiative, and provide innovative service models and products.

第二節 建設智慧城市和數字鄉村

II. Smart cities and digital villages

以數字化助推城鄉發(fā)展和治理模式創(chuàng )新,全面提高運行效率和宜居度。分級分類(lèi)推進(jìn)新型智慧城市建設,將物聯(lián)網(wǎng)感知設施、通信系統等納入公共基礎設施統一規劃建設,推進(jìn)市政公用設施、建筑等物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應用和智能化改造。完善城市信息模型平臺和運行管理服務(wù)平臺,構建城市數據資源體系,推進(jìn)城市數據大腦建設。探索建設數字孿生城市。加快推進(jìn)數字鄉村建設,構建面向農業(yè)農村的綜合信息服務(wù)體系,建立涉農信息普惠服務(wù)機制,推動(dòng)鄉村管理服務(wù)數字化。

Digital technologies will be used to help develop urban and rural areas and introduce new approaches to governance for better efficiency and livability. New smart cities in different categories will be developed, IoT sensing facilities and communications systems will be incorporated in the overall planning and development of public infrastructure, and municipal utilities and buildings will be transformed with IoT applications. Efforts will be made to improve city information modeling (CIM) platforms and service platforms, and build city data systems to develop city brains. The creation of digital twin cities will be explored and faster progress will be made in the development of digital countryside. A comprehensive information service system will be established for agriculture and rural areas, along with an inclusive agriculture-related information service mechanism, and rural management and services will be digitalized.

第三節 構筑美好數字生活新圖景

III. A new blueprint for digital life

推動(dòng)購物消費、居家生活、旅游休閑、交通出行等各類(lèi)場(chǎng)景數字化,打造智慧共享、和睦共治的新型數字生活。推進(jìn)智慧社區建設,依托社區數字化平臺和線(xiàn)下社區服務(wù)機構,建設便民惠民智慧服務(wù)圈,提供線(xiàn)上線(xiàn)下融合的社區生活服務(wù)、社區治理及公共服務(wù)、智能小區等服務(wù)。豐富數字生活體驗,發(fā)展數字家庭。加強全民數字技能教育和培訓,普及提升公民數字素養。加快信息無(wú)障礙建設,幫助老年人、殘疾人等共享數字生活。

We will promote the digitization of all real-life scenarios such as shopping, home life, tourism, leisure activities, and transportation to create a new digital life based on the sharing of knowledge and co-governance. Smart communities and smart service circles will be developed to benefit the people relying on digital platforms and offline community service institutions, and services online and offline will be integrated, such as community life services, community governance and public services, and smart community services. A richer diversity of digital life experiences will be introduced along with more digital homes. Digital skills education and training will be boosted to promote the digital literacy of the general public, and information accessibility will be improved to help the elderly and people with disabilities embrace the digital life.

第十七章 提高數字政府建設水平

Chapter 17 Digital Government

將數字技術(shù)廣泛應用于政府管理服務(wù),推動(dòng)政府治理流程再造和模式優(yōu)化,不斷提高決策科學(xué)性和服務(wù)效率。

Increased integration of digital technologies into government services will help remake governance processes, improve services, and lead to more rational decision-making and greater efficiency.

第一節 加強公共數據開(kāi)放共享

I. Open access to and sharing of public data

建立健全國家公共數據資源體系,確保公共數據安全,推進(jìn)數據跨部門(mén)、跨層級、跨地區匯聚融合和深度利用。健全數據資源目錄和責任清單制度,提升國家數據共享交換平臺功能,深化國家人口、法人、空間地理等基礎信息資源共享利用。擴大基礎公共信息數據安全有序開(kāi)放,探索將公共數據服務(wù)納入公共服務(wù)體系,構建統一的國家公共數據開(kāi)放平臺和開(kāi)發(fā)利用端口,優(yōu)先推動(dòng)企業(yè)登記監管、衛生、交通、氣象等高價(jià)值數據集向社會(huì )開(kāi)放。開(kāi)展政府數據授權運營(yíng)試點(diǎn),鼓勵第三方深化對公共數據的挖掘利用。

A sound public data resource system will be put in place to ensure the security of public data, and promote the convergence and utilization of data across departments, levels, and regions. The data resource catalogs and responsibility lists will be improved and the functions of national data sharing and exchange platforms upgraded to advance the sharing and utilization of basic information resources including national population, legal person, and geospatial data. Open access to basic public data will be expanded in a safe and orderly way, public data services will be integrated into the public service system, and an open national public data platform will be built, along with dedicated development and utilization ports. Priority will be given to high-value data sets in the fields of enterprise registration and supervision, health, transportation, and meteorology that are open to the public. Pilot projects on authorized operation of government data will be carried out and third parties will be encouraged to advance the mining and utilization of public data.

第二節 推動(dòng)政務(wù)信息化共建共用

II. IT-enabled transformation of government services for all

加大政務(wù)信息化建設統籌力度,健全政務(wù)信息化項目清單,持續深化政務(wù)信息系統整合,布局建設執政能力、依法治國、經(jīng)濟治理、市場(chǎng)監管、公共安全、生態(tài)環(huán)境等重大信息系統,提升跨部門(mén)協(xié)同治理能力。完善國家電子政務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò ),集約建設政務(wù)云平臺和數據中心體系,推進(jìn)政務(wù)信息系統云遷移。加強政務(wù)信息化建設快速迭代,增強政務(wù)信息系統快速部署能力和彈性擴展能力。

Intensified efforts will be made to develop an IT-enabled government, improve the list of government information projects, and deepen the integration of government information systems. Major information systems will be developed, including those about governance capacity, rule of law, economic governance, market supervision, public security, and the environment. Cross-sector collaboration will be fostered in governance. China’s e-government network will be improved, and cloud platforms and data center system will be built to promote the cloud migration of government information systems which will be upgraded rapidly for a greater capacity to expand flexibly.

第三節 提高數字化政務(wù)服務(wù)效能

III. Digitalization and efficient service delivery 

全面推進(jìn)政府運行方式、業(yè)務(wù)流程和服務(wù)模式數字化智能化。深化“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”,提升全流程一體化在線(xiàn)服務(wù)平臺功能。加快構建數字技術(shù)輔助政府決策機制,提高基于高頻大數據精準動(dòng)態(tài)監測預測預警水平。強化數字技術(shù)在公共衛生、自然災害、事故災難、社會(huì )安全等突發(fā)公共事件應對中的運用,全面提升預警和應急處置能力。

We will work to make sure the government functions, and delivers services in a more digital and smarter way. The “Internet + government services” initiative will be advanced to upgrade the functions of integrated online service platforms. Digital technologies will be used to facilitate government decision-making and improve the quality of accurate dynamic monitoring, prediction, and early warning based on high-frequency big data. They will also be applied widely in the response to public health emergencies, natural disasters, accidents, public safety incidents, and other public emergencies to increase the capacity for early warning and emergency response.

第十八章 營(yíng)造良好數字生態(tài)

Chapter 18 A Healthy Digital Ecosystem

堅持放管并重,促進(jìn)發(fā)展與規范管理相統一,構建數字規則體系,營(yíng)造開(kāi)放、健康、安全的數字生態(tài)。

Regulatory overreach should be rolled back where it hurts business dynamism while regulation will be strengthened wherever necessary in our effort to create an open, safe, and healthy rules-based digital ecosystem.

第一節 建立健全數據要素市場(chǎng)規則

I. Data protection regulation

統籌數據開(kāi)發(fā)利用、隱私保護和公共安全,加快建立數據資源產(chǎn)權、交易流通、跨境傳輸和安全保護等基礎制度和標準規范。建立健全數據產(chǎn)權交易和行業(yè)自律機制,培育規范的數據交易平臺和市場(chǎng)主體,發(fā)展數據資產(chǎn)評估、登記結算、交易撮合、爭議仲裁等市場(chǎng)運營(yíng)體系。加強涉及國家利益、商業(yè)秘密、個(gè)人隱私的數據保護,加快推進(jìn)數據安全、個(gè)人信息保護等領(lǐng)域基礎性立法,強化數據資源全生命周期安全保護。完善適用于大數據環(huán)境下的數據分類(lèi)分級保護制度。加強數據安全評估,推動(dòng)數據跨境安全有序流動(dòng)。

A balance will be achieved between data development and utilization, privacy protection, and public security, and basic systems and standards concerning data rights, transactions, circulation, cross-border transmission, and security protection will be developed at a faster pace. Sound mechanisms for data rights trading and industry self-regulation will be put in place and well-regulated data trading platforms and business entities will be fostered. The market systems for data asset evaluation, registration and settlement, trading, dispute arbitration, etc. will be developed. The data involving national interests, trade secrets, and personal privacy will be better protected and basic legislation in the fields of data security and personal information protection will be accelerated to strengthen data security protection in the whole life cycle. The classified and multi-level data protection will be improved to adapt to the big data environment. Efforts will be made to strengthen data security assessment and promote the safe and orderly flow of data across borders.

第二節 營(yíng)造規范有序的政策環(huán)境

II. An enabling policy environment

構建與數字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相適應的政策法規體系。健全共享經(jīng)濟、平臺經(jīng)濟和新個(gè)體經(jīng)濟管理規范,清理不合理的行政許可、資質(zhì)資格事項,支持平臺企業(yè)創(chuàng )新發(fā)展、增強國際競爭力。依法依規加強互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺經(jīng)濟監管,明確平臺企業(yè)定位和監管規則,完善壟斷認定法律規范,打擊壟斷和不正當競爭行為。探索建立無(wú)人駕駛、在線(xiàn)醫療、金融科技、智能配送等監管框架,完善相關(guān)法律法規和倫理審查規則。健全數字經(jīng)濟統計監測體系。

Policies and regulations favorable for the digital economy will be introduced, along with better rules for managing the sharing economy, the platform economy, and the new individual economy. Improper items requiring administrative approval and qualifications will be cancelled and platform enterprises will be supported in pursuing innovative development and building their international competitiveness. Activities on internet platforms will be overseen in accordance with laws and regulations, the positioning and regulatory rules of platform enterprises will be clarified, and the legal framework of business monopoly identification will be improved, while business monopolies and unfair competition will be fought. Efforts will also be made to explore the possibility of creating regulatory frameworks for unmanned driving, online medical services, financial technology, smart delivery service, etc., improve relevant laws, regulations and ethical review rules, and foster a better statistical monitoring system for the digital economy.

第三節 加強網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全保護

III. Cybersecurity 

健全國家網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全法律法規和制度標準,加強重要領(lǐng)域數據資源、重要網(wǎng)絡(luò )和信息系統安全保障。建立健全關(guān)鍵信息基礎設施保護體系,提升安全防護和維護政治安全能力。加強網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全風(fēng)險評估和審查。加強網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全基礎設施建設,強化跨領(lǐng)域網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全信息共享和工作協(xié)同,提升網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全威脅發(fā)現、監測預警、應急指揮、攻擊溯源能力。加強網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研發(fā),加快人工智能安全技術(shù)創(chuàng )新,提升網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全產(chǎn)業(yè)綜合競爭力。加強網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全宣傳教育和人才培養。

Efforts will be made to improve national cybersecurity laws, regulations, and standards, and intensify efforts to protect the security of data resources in important fields, important networks, and important information systems. A sound key information infrastructure protection system will be put in place to increase the capacity for security protection and political security maintenance. Cybersecurity risk assessment and review will be advanced, along with the development of cybersecurity infrastructure, cross-sector cybersecurity information sharing and collaboration, and the capacity for cybersecurity threat detection, monitoring and early warning, emergency command, and cyber attack tracing. Efforts will be stepped up to develop key technologies for cybersecurity, accelerate technological innovation in artificial intelligence for security, build the comprehensive competitiveness of the cybersecurity industry, and promote cybersecurity education and related personnel training.

第四節 推動(dòng)構建網(wǎng)絡(luò )空間命運共同體

IV. A global cybercommunity with a shared future 

推進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò )空間國際交流與合作,推動(dòng)以聯(lián)合國為主渠道、以聯(lián)合國憲章為基本原則制定數字和網(wǎng)絡(luò )空間國際規則。推動(dòng)建立多邊、民主、透明的全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理體系,建立更加公平合理的網(wǎng)絡(luò )基礎設施和資源治理機制。積極參與數據安全、數字貨幣、數字稅等國際規則和數字技術(shù)標準制定。推動(dòng)全球網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全保障合作機制建設,構建保護數據要素、處置網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全事件、打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò )犯罪的國際協(xié)調合作機制。向欠發(fā)達國家提供技術(shù)、設備、服務(wù)等數字援助,使各國共享數字時(shí)代紅利。積極推進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò )文化交流互鑒。

International exchanges and cooperation in cyberspace will be promoted, along with the formulation of international digital and cyber rules, and the United Nations will be considered the main channel and the Charter of the United Nations the source of basic principles. More will be done to establish a multilateral, democratic, and transparent global internet governance system and create a fairer and more reasonable cyberspace infrastructure and resource governance mechanism. We will actively participate in the development of international rules and digital technology standards including those on data security, digital currencies, and digital taxes; promote the development of global cyberspace security cooperation mechanisms, and build an international coordination and cooperation mechanism to protect data factors, handle cybersecurity incidents, and combat cybercrimes; provide digital assistance including technology, equipment, and services to less developed countries, so that all countries can share the dividends of the digital era; and actively promote cultural exchanges and mutual learning on the internet.

第六篇 全面深化改革 構建高水平社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟體制

Part VI Comprehensive and In-depth Reform to Develop a Well-functioning Socialist Market Economy

堅持和完善社會(huì )主義基本經(jīng)濟制度,充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的決定性作用,更好發(fā)揮政府作用,推動(dòng)有效市場(chǎng)和有為政府更好結合。

Efforts will be ongoing to improve our socialist economic system to allow the market to play a decisive role in allocating resources while improving government regulation, so as to create synergy between an efficient market and a well-functioning government.

第十九章 激發(fā)各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體活力

Chapter 19 Market Dynamism 

毫不動(dòng)搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟,毫不動(dòng)搖鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,培育更有活力、創(chuàng )造力和競爭力的市場(chǎng)主體。

With the public sector as the core of our economy, the government encourages, supports, and guides the development of the non-public sector, and is committed to creating an enabling environment to allow more dynamic, creative, and competitive business entities to thrive.

第一節 加快國有經(jīng)濟布局優(yōu)化和結構調整

I. State-owned enterprise reform

圍繞服務(wù)國家戰略,堅持有進(jìn)有退、有所為有所不為,加快國有經(jīng)濟布局優(yōu)化、結構調整和戰略性重組,增強國有經(jīng)濟競爭力、創(chuàng )新力、控制力、影響力、抗風(fēng)險能力,做強做優(yōu)做大國有資本和國有企業(yè)。發(fā)揮國有經(jīng)濟戰略支撐作用,推動(dòng)國有經(jīng)濟進(jìn)一步聚焦戰略安全、產(chǎn)業(yè)引領(lǐng)、國計民生、公共服務(wù)等功能,調整盤(pán)活存量資產(chǎn),優(yōu)化增量資本配置,向關(guān)系國家安全、國民經(jīng)濟命脈的重要行業(yè)集中,向提供公共服務(wù)、應急能力建設和公益性等關(guān)系國計民生的重要行業(yè)集中,向前瞻性戰略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)集中。對充分競爭領(lǐng)域的國有經(jīng)濟,強化資本收益目標和財務(wù)硬約束,增強流動(dòng)性,完善國有資本優(yōu)化配置機制。建立布局結構調整長(cháng)效機制,動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)布國有經(jīng)濟布局優(yōu)化和結構調整指引。

To better serve national strategies, we will make plans on where to advance and where to withdraw, what to do and what not to do, accelerate layout improvement, structural adjustment, and strategic restructuring for the state-owned sector and enhance its competitiveness, innovation, control, influence, and risk resistance capacity. We will also work to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital and enhance the strength, quality, and size of state-owned enterprises. The strategic support of the state-owned sector will be brought into full play, so that it can focus more on helping to ensure strategic security, promote industry leadership, bolster the national economy, raise people’s living standards, improve public services, and other functions. We will adjust and revitalize stock assets, improve the allocation of incremental capital, and move towards important industries concerning national security and the lifeline of the national economy, industries that provide public services and concern capacity building for emergency response, public welfare, etc. as well as emerging industries of strategic and progressive significance. For the part of the state-owned sector in fully competitive fields, we will give greater emphasis to capital gains targets and financial constraints, enhance liquidity, and improve the mechanism for optimal allocation of state capital. A long-term mechanism will be created for layout improvement and structural adjustment of the state-owned sector, and guidelines in this regard will be issued dynamically.

第二節 推動(dòng)國有企業(yè)完善中國特色現代企業(yè)制度

II. State-owned enterprise modernization with Chinese characteristics

堅持黨對國有企業(yè)的全面領(lǐng)導,促進(jìn)加強黨的領(lǐng)導和完善公司治理相統一,加快建立權責法定、權責透明、協(xié)調運轉、有效制衡的公司治理機制。加強董事會(huì )建設,落實(shí)董事會(huì )職權,使董事會(huì )成為企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)決策主體。按照完善治理、強化激勵、突出主業(yè)、提高效率的要求,深化國有企業(yè)混合所有制改革,深度轉換經(jīng)營(yíng)機制,對混合所有制企業(yè)探索實(shí)行有別于國有獨資、全資公司的治理機制和監管制度。推行經(jīng)理層成員任期制和契約化管理,完善市場(chǎng)化薪酬分配機制,靈活開(kāi)展多種形式的中長(cháng)期激勵。

We will uphold the Party’s leadership in all spheres of work of state-owned enterprises, balance the endeavor to strengthen the Party’s leadership and that to improve corporate governance, and accelerate the establishment of a corporate governance mechanism featuring statutorily-defined and transparent rights and responsibilities, coordinated operations, and effective checks and balances. Efforts will also be made to facilitate the establishment of boards of directors and clearly define their functions and powers, making them the main bodies of business decision-making. In accordance with the requirements of improving governance, strengthening incentives, highlighting the main business and increasing efficiency, we will push ahead with mixed-ownership reform in state-owned enterprises by radically transforming the operation mechanism, and exploring the introduction of governance mechanism and supervision system for mixed-ownership enterprises that are different from those of solely state-owned and wholly owned companies. We will put in practice a tenure system and contractual management for managers, improve the market-oriented salary distribution mechanism, and flexibly offer medium- and long-term incentives in various forms.

第三節 健全管資本為主的國有資產(chǎn)監管體制

III. State-owned assets oversight to prevent, in particular, illegal diversion of funds

堅持授權與監管相結合、放活與管好相統一,大力推進(jìn)國資監管理念、重點(diǎn)、方式等多方位轉變。優(yōu)化管資本方式,全面實(shí)行清單管理,深入開(kāi)展分類(lèi)授權放權,注重通過(guò)法人治理結構履職,加強事中事后監管。深化國有資本投資、運營(yíng)公司改革,科學(xué)合理界定政府及國資監管機構,國有資本投資、運營(yíng)公司和所持股企業(yè)的權利邊界。健全協(xié)同高效的監督機制,嚴格責任追究,切實(shí)防止國有資產(chǎn)流失。加快推進(jìn)經(jīng)營(yíng)性國有資產(chǎn)集中統一監管。

Ongoing efforts will be made to combine authorization and supervision as well as decentralization and management, and promote the transformation of state-owned asset supervision in terms of concept, focus, and modes. We will improve the approach to capital management, practice list-based management and classified authorization and decentralization, lay emphasis on performing duties through the corporate governance structure and strengthen ongoing and ex post oversight. We will deepen the reform of state capital investment and operation companies, and define the scope of rights of the government and state capital regulatory agencies, state capital investment and operation companies, and their subsidiaries in a scientific and reasonable manner. We will also improve the collaborative and efficient supervision mechanism and enforce accountability to prevent the loss of state-owned assets, and accelerate the centralized and unified supervision of for-profit state-owned assets.

第四節 優(yōu)化民營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境

IV. A favorable business environment for private enterprises

健全支持民營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)展的法治環(huán)境、政策環(huán)境和市場(chǎng)環(huán)境,依法平等保護民營(yíng)企業(yè)產(chǎn)權和企業(yè)家權益。保障民營(yíng)企業(yè)依法平等使用資源要素、公開(kāi)公平公正參與競爭、同等受到法律保護。進(jìn)一步放寬民營(yíng)企業(yè)市場(chǎng)準入,破除招投標等領(lǐng)域各種壁壘。創(chuàng )新金融支持民營(yíng)企業(yè)政策工具,健全融資增信支持體系,對民營(yíng)企業(yè)信用評級、發(fā)債一視同仁,降低綜合融資成本。完善促進(jìn)中小微企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶(hù)發(fā)展的政策體系,加大稅費優(yōu)惠和信貸支持力度。構建親清政商關(guān)系,建立規范化政企溝通渠道。健全防范和化解拖欠中小企業(yè)賬款長(cháng)效機制。

Enabling legal, policy, and market environments will be fostered for the development of private enterprises and protect their property rights and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs on an equal basis in accordance with the law. We will ensure that private enterprises have equal access to resource factors in accordance with the law, and that they can compete in an open, fair, and just manner, and enjoy equal legal protection. Market access will be expanded for private enterprises and various barriers in bidding and other fields will be broken down. New policy instruments will be developed to provide financial support for private enterprises, improve the financing and credit enhancement system, treat private enterprises as equals in their credit rating and bond issuance, and lower overall financing costs. The policy system will be improved for promoting the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises and self-employed individuals, and give more preferential tax treatment and credit support. We will build a cordial and clean relationship between government and business, establish standardized communication channels between government and enterprises, and improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving payment arrears to small and medium enterprises.

第五節 促進(jìn)民營(yíng)企業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

V. Policy support for private-sector development with a focus on quality improvement

鼓勵民營(yíng)企業(yè)改革創(chuàng )新,提升經(jīng)營(yíng)能力和管理水平。引導有條件的民營(yíng)企業(yè)建立現代企業(yè)制度。支持民營(yíng)企業(yè)開(kāi)展基礎研究和科技創(chuàng )新、參與關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)研發(fā)和國家重大科技項目攻關(guān)。完善民營(yíng)企業(yè)參與國家重大戰略實(shí)施機制。推動(dòng)民營(yíng)企業(yè)守法合規經(jīng)營(yíng),鼓勵民營(yíng)企業(yè)積極履行社會(huì )責任、參與社會(huì )公益和慈善事業(yè)。弘揚企業(yè)家精神,實(shí)施年輕一代民營(yíng)企業(yè)家健康成長(cháng)促進(jìn)計劃。

We will encourage the reform and innovation initiatives of private enterprises to improve their operation and management capacity, and guide qualified private enterprises to adopt a modern enterprise system. Private enterprises will be encouraged to carry out basic research and technological innovation, participate in the research and development of key and core technologies, and undertake key national science and technology projects. A better mechanism will be introduced for private enterprises to participate in the implementation of major national strategies, and they will be encouraged to operate in accordance with laws and regulations, actively fulfill their social responsibilities and participate in charitable initiatives. We will also work to foster entrepreneurship and implement the plan to promote the healthy growth of young entrepreneurs.

第二十章 建設高標準市場(chǎng)體系

Chapter 20 A Unified Market that Adheres to High Standards

實(shí)施高標準市場(chǎng)體系建設行動(dòng),健全市場(chǎng)體系基礎制度,堅持平等準入、公正監管、開(kāi)放有序、誠信守法,形成高效規范、公平競爭的國內統一市場(chǎng)。

Proactive action will be taken to build an efficient, well-regulated, unified domestic market that adheres to high standards, with necessary institutional support in place to ensure equal access, fair competition, impartial oversight, openness, orderliness, good faith conduct, and legal compliance. 

第一節 全面完善產(chǎn)權制度

I. Protection of property rights 

健全歸屬清晰、權責明確、保護嚴格、流轉順暢的現代產(chǎn)權制度。實(shí)施民法典,制修訂物權、債權、股權等產(chǎn)權法律法規,明晰產(chǎn)權歸屬、完善產(chǎn)權權能。健全以公平為原則的產(chǎn)權保護制度,依法平等保護國有、民營(yíng)、外資等各種所有制企業(yè)產(chǎn)權。健全產(chǎn)權執法司法保護制度,完善涉企產(chǎn)權案件申訴、復核、重審等保護機制,推動(dòng)涉企冤錯案件依法甄別糾正常態(tài)化機制化,暢通涉政府產(chǎn)權糾紛反映和處理渠道。加強數據、知識、環(huán)境等領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)權制度建設,健全自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權制度和法律法規。

The modern property rights system will be improved to ensure clear ownership, well-defined rights and obligations, strict protection, and smooth transactions. With the civil code put into implementation, we will formulate laws and regulations on property rights, including real rights, creditor’s rights and stock rights, and revise them to clarify the ownership of property rights and improve the powers and functions of property rights. We will improve the property rights protection system based on the principle of fairness and give equal protection to the property rights of enterprises under all forms of ownership, including state-owned, private, and foreign-funded enterprises, in accordance with the law. Efforts will be made to improve the judicial protection system for property law enforcement and protection mechanisms such as the appeal, review, and retrial of enterprise-related property rights cases. We will make it a normal practice to screen and correct wrongful cases involving enterprises in accordance with the law and develop smooth channels for the reporting and handling of government-related property rights disputes. We will strengthen the development of the property rights system in the fields of data, knowledge, and the environment, and improve the property rights system and laws and regulations related to natural resource assets.

第二節 推進(jìn)要素市場(chǎng)化配置改革

II. Reforms to facilitate market-based allocation of production factors

建立健全城鄉統一的建設用地市場(chǎng),統籌推進(jìn)農村土地征收、集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設用地入市、宅基地制度改革。改革土地計劃管理方式,賦予省級政府更大用地自主權,探索建立全國性的建設用地、補充耕地指標跨區域交易機制。建立不同產(chǎn)業(yè)用地類(lèi)型合理轉換機制,增加混合產(chǎn)業(yè)用地供給。健全統一規范的人力資源市場(chǎng)體系,破除勞動(dòng)力和人才在城鄉、區域和不同所有制單位間的流動(dòng)障礙,減少人事檔案管理中的不合理限制。發(fā)展技術(shù)和數據要素市場(chǎng)。健全要素市場(chǎng)運行機制,完善交易規則和服務(wù)體系。深化公共資源交易平臺整合共享。

A sound unified rural-urban market will be created for land designated for construction purposes, and reforms on rural land expropriation, the marketing of rural collectively-owned land designated for business-related construction, and rural land designated for housing will be pushed forward. Efforts will also be made to reform land-use planning and management practices, grant provincial-level governments more decision-making power over the development of land, and explore the establishment of a nationwide mechanism for cross-regional trading of land for construction and newly-added cropland quotas. A mechanism will be created for the proper conversion of different types of land designated for industrial purposes and increase the supply of land for mixed industries. We will improve the unified and well-regulated human resource market, remove barriers to the flow of workforce and talents between urban and rural areas, between different regions, and between organizations of different types of ownership, and rescind excessive restrictions on personnel file management. Further progress will be made in the efforts to develop technology and data factor markets, improve the operational mechanism of the factor markets as well as trading rules and service system, and deepen the integration and sharing of public resource trading platforms.

第三節 強化競爭政策基礎地位

III. A pivotal role for competition policies

堅持鼓勵競爭、反對壟斷,完善競爭政策框架,構建覆蓋事前、事中、事后全環(huán)節的競爭政策實(shí)施機制。統籌做好增量審查與存量清理,強化公平競爭審查制度的剛性約束,完善公平競爭審查細則,持續清理廢除妨礙全國統一市場(chǎng)和公平競爭的規定及做法。完善市場(chǎng)競爭狀況評估制度,建立投訴舉報和處理回應機制。加大反壟斷和反不正當競爭執法司法力度,防止資本無(wú)序擴張。推進(jìn)能源、鐵路、電信、公用事業(yè)等行業(yè)競爭性環(huán)節市場(chǎng)化改革,放開(kāi)競爭性業(yè)務(wù)準入,進(jìn)一步引入市場(chǎng)競爭機制,加強對自然壟斷業(yè)務(wù)的監管。

Continued efforts will be made to encourage competition and guard against monopoly, improve the competition policy framework, and create a competition policy implementation mechanism covering every stage of the whole process. Conduct incremental review and stock clearance will be properly conducted, fair competition reviews will be carried out to strengthen rigid constraints while the detailed rules in this regard will be improved, and more will be done to abolish regulations and practices that impede the development of a unified market and fair competition nationwide. We will improve the market competition evaluation system and establish a complaint filing and handling mechanism. Law enforcement against monopolies and unfair competition will be stepped up and capital expansion will be regulated. We will promote market-oriented reforms in competitive operations in such sectors as energy, railways, telecommunications, and public utilities, expand market access for competitive operations, introduce more market competition mechanisms, and strengthen oversight over natural monopoly industries.

第四節 健全社會(huì )信用體系

IV. Social credit system

建立健全信用法律法規和標準體系,制定公共信用信息目錄和失信懲戒措施清單,完善失信主體信用修復機制。推廣信用承諾制度。加強信用信息歸集、共享、公開(kāi)和應用,推廣惠民便企信用產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)。建立公共信用信息和金融信息的共享整合機制。培育具有國際競爭力的企業(yè)征信機構和信用評級機構,加強征信監管,推動(dòng)信用服務(wù)市場(chǎng)健康發(fā)展。加強信用信息安全管理,保障信用主體合法權益。建立健全政府失信責任追究制度。

A sound system of credit-related laws, regulations, and standards will be put in place, together with a catalog of public credit information and a list of disciplinary measures for dishonest practices, and the credit repair mechanism for defaulters will be improved. Efforts will be made to promote the credit commitment system, boost the collection, sharing, disclosure, and application of credit information, promote credit products and services that benefit people and enterprises, and establish a mechanism for the sharing and integration of public credit information and financial information. More will be done to foster internationally competitive enterprise credit reference agencies and credit rating agencies, strengthen supervision over credit investigation, and promote the healthy development of the credit service market. Intensified efforts will be made to manage the security of credit information, protect the legitimate rights and interests of entities whose credit information is gathered, and establish a sound accountability system for government administration dishonesty.

第二十一章 建立現代財稅金融體制

Chapter 21 Fiscal Policy, Taxation, and the Financial System

更好發(fā)揮財政在國家治理中的基礎和重要支柱作用,增強金融服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟能力,健全符合高質(zhì)量發(fā)展要求的財稅金融制度。

Fiscal policy should play a fundamental role in state governance. Financial services should better serve the real economy. Fiscal policy, taxation, and the financial system should respond to the need for development with a focus on quality improvement.

第一節 加快建立現代財政制度

I. Fiscal policy  

深化預算管理制度改革,強化對預算編制的宏觀(guān)指導和審查監督。加強財政資源統籌,推進(jìn)財政支出標準化,強化預算約束和績(jì)效管理。完善跨年度預算平衡機制,加強中期財政規劃管理,增強國家重大戰略任務(wù)財力保障。建立權責清晰、財力協(xié)調、區域均衡的中央和地方財政關(guān)系,適當加強中央在知識產(chǎn)權保護、養老保險、跨區域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護等方面事權,減少并規范中央和地方共同事權。健全省以下財政體制,增強基層公共服務(wù)保障能力。完善財政轉移支付制度,優(yōu)化轉移支付結構,規范轉移支付項目。完善權責發(fā)生制政府綜合財務(wù)報告制度。建立健全規范的政府舉債融資機制。

Efforts will be made to deepen reform of the budget management system, strengthen the macro guidance, review, and supervision of budget compilation, promote the overall planning of financial resources, standardization of financial expenditure, budget constraints and performance management. The multi-year budget balancing mechanism will be improved, along with medium-term financial planning management, to bolster financial support for major strategic tasks of the country. We will establish a fiscal relationship between central and local governments built on clearly defined powers and responsibilities, appropriate financial resource allocation, and greater balance between regions; appropriately strengthen the central government’s authority over intellectual property protection, pension insurance and cross-regional environmental protection; and reduce and regulate the common authority of central and local governments. We will improve the financial system at and below the provincial level and enhance the capacity to provide public services at the community level; create a better financial transfer payment system and a better transfer payment structure, and regulate the transfer payment items; improve the system for comprehensive government financial reporting based on accrual accounting; and establish a well-regulated government debt financing mechanism.

第二節 完善現代稅收制度

II. Taxation

優(yōu)化稅制結構,健全直接稅體系,適當提高直接稅比重。完善個(gè)人所得稅制度,推進(jìn)擴大綜合征收范圍,優(yōu)化稅率結構。聚焦支持穩定制造業(yè)、鞏固產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化增值稅制度。調整優(yōu)化消費稅征收范圍和稅率,推進(jìn)征收環(huán)節后移并穩步下劃地方。規范完善稅收優(yōu)惠。推進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)稅立法,健全地方稅體系,逐步擴大地方稅政管理權。深化稅收征管制度改革,建設智慧稅務(wù),推動(dòng)稅收征管現代化。

We will seek to improve the structure of the tax system and the direct tax system, appropriately increase the proportion of direct taxes, create a better personal income tax system, expand the scope of comprehensive collection, and improve the tax rate structure. More will be done to improve the value-added tax (VAT) system by stabilizing the manufacturing industry and consolidating the industry and supply chains. We will also adjust and improve the scope of excise tax collection and the excise tax rate, make moves towards collecting excise tax at a point further downstream in the production-to-consumption process and hand it over to local governments in a stable way. Progress will be made in the endeavor to regulate and improve tax preferences, step up legislation on real estate taxation, improve local tax systems, and hand over more tax-related administrative powers to local governments step by step. Reforms will be deepened in the administration of tax collection and smart taxation will be developed to modernize the administration of tax collection.

第三節 深化金融供給側結構性改革

III. Supply-side structural reform in the financial sector

健全具有高度適應性、競爭力、普惠性的現代金融體系,構建金融有效支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟的體制機制。建設現代中央銀行制度,完善貨幣供應調控機制。穩妥推進(jìn)數字貨幣研發(fā)。健全市場(chǎng)化利率形成和傳導機制,完善央行政策利率體系,更好發(fā)揮貸款市場(chǎng)報價(jià)利率基準作用。優(yōu)化金融體系結構,深化國有商業(yè)銀行改革,加快完善中小銀行和農村信用社治理結構,規范發(fā)展非銀行金融機構,增強金融普惠性。改革優(yōu)化政策性金融,強化服務(wù)國家戰略和規劃能力。深化保險公司改革,提高商業(yè)保險保障能力。健全金融機構公司治理,強化股東股權和關(guān)聯(lián)交易監管。完善資本市場(chǎng)基礎制度,健全多層次資本市場(chǎng)體系,大力發(fā)展機構投資者,提高直接融資特別是股權融資比重。全面實(shí)行股票發(fā)行注冊制,建立常態(tài)化退市機制,提高上市公司質(zhì)量。深化新三板改革。完善市場(chǎng)化債券發(fā)行機制,穩步擴大債券市場(chǎng)規模,豐富債券品種,發(fā)行長(cháng)期國債和基礎設施長(cháng)期債券。完善投資者保護制度和存款保險制度。完善現代金融監管體系,補齊監管制度短板,在審慎監管前提下有序推進(jìn)金融創(chuàng )新,健全風(fēng)險全覆蓋監管框架,提高金融監管透明度和法治化水平。穩妥發(fā)展金融科技,加快金融機構數字化轉型。強化監管科技運用和金融創(chuàng )新風(fēng)險評估,探索建立創(chuàng )新產(chǎn)品糾偏和暫停機制。

The modern financial system that is adaptive, competitive, and inclusive will be improved and institutions and mechanisms will be put in place for the financial sector to effectively support the real economy. Efforts will be made to build a modern central bank system and improve the money supply regulation mechanism and steadily promote the research and development of digital currency. More will be done to improve the market-based interest rate mechanism and the transmission mechanism, the central bank’s policy interest rate system, and give better play to the benchmark role of the loan prime rate (LPR) mechanism. A better structure of the financial system will be defined and the reform of state-owned commercial banks will be deepened. We will move faster to improve the governance structure of small and medium-sized banks and rural credit cooperatives, regulate the development of non-banking financial institutions, and enhance the inclusiveness of financial services. Efforts will be made to reform and improve policy-backed finance, increase its capacity to serve national strategies and planning efforts, deepen the reform of insurance companies and build the ability of commercial insurance to offer protection. We will improve corporate governance in financial institutions and strengthen the oversight of shareholders’ equity and related party transactions. We will also improve the underlying systems of the capital market and the system of multi-level capital markets, make a major push to develop institutional investors, and increase the proportion of direct financing, equity financing in particular; fully implement the registration-based IPO system, make delisting a normal practice, and improve the quality of listed companies. We will deepen reform of the New Third Board, improve the market-based bond issuance mechanism, steadily expand the scale of the bond market, enrich bond varieties, and issue long-term government bonds and long-term infrastructure bonds. We will improve the investor protection system and deposit insurance system, as well as the modern financial regulatory system; shore up our weaknesses in the regulatory system; steadily advance financial innovation under the premise of prudential supervision; and improve the regulatory framework with full risk coverage and make financial regulation more transparent and more law-based. We will steadily develop financial technology and accelerate the digital transformation of financial institutions; boost the application of regulatory technology and financial innovation risk assessment; and explore the establishment of an innovative mechanism for product rectification and suspension. 

第二十二章 提升政府經(jīng)濟治理能力

Chapter 22 The Government’s Economic Governance Capacity

加快轉變政府職能,建設職責明確、依法行政的政府治理體系,創(chuàng )新和完善宏觀(guān)調控,提高政府治理效能。

The transformation of government functions will be accelerated to build a rules-based governance system with clearly defined duties and responsibilities, and improve macro-level regulation and the effectiveness and efficiency of governance.

第一節 完善宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟治理

I. Macroeconomic governance

健全以國家發(fā)展規劃為戰略導向,以財政政策和貨幣政策為主要手段,就業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)、投資、消費、環(huán)保、區域等政策緊密配合,目標優(yōu)化、分工合理、高效協(xié)同的宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟治理體系。增強國家發(fā)展規劃對公共預算、國土開(kāi)發(fā)、資源配置等政策的宏觀(guān)引導、統籌協(xié)調功能,健全宏觀(guān)政策制定和執行機制,重視預期管理和引導,合理把握經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)、就業(yè)、價(jià)格、國際收支等調控目標,在區間調控基礎上加強定向調控、相機調控和精準調控。完善宏觀(guān)調控政策體系,搞好跨周期政策設計,提高逆周期調節能力,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟總量平衡、結構優(yōu)化、內外均衡。加強宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟治理數據庫等建設,提升大數據等現代技術(shù)手段輔助治理能力,推進(jìn)統計現代化改革。健全宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟政策評估評價(jià)制度和重大風(fēng)險識別預警機制,暢通政策制定參與渠道,提高決策科學(xué)化、民主化、法治化水平。

Guided by the national development plan, we will improve the macroeconomic governance system by taking fiscal and monetary policies as the main instruments, better coordinating policies on employment, industries, investment, consumption, environmental protection, specific regions, etc., setting better-defined objectives, ensuring reasonable division of functions, and boosting efficient collaboration. Efforts will be made to strengthen the role of national development planning in providing macro guidance for and coordinating public budget, land development, resource allocation, and other policies; improve the macro policy formulation and implementation mechanism; attach importance to expectation management and guidance; set proper macro-regulation targets concerning economic growth, employment, prices, balance of payments, etc.; and strengthen targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation on the basis of range-based regulation. We will improve the macro-regulation policy system, appropriately design cross-cyclical policies, improve the capacity for counter-cyclical adjustment, and promote the balance between total supply and demand, structural improvement, and internal and external balance for the economy. We will step up the development of macroeconomic governance databases, enhance the supplementary governance capacity of modern technological means including big data, and modernize the statistical system. We will improve the macroeconomic policy evaluation system as well as major risk identification and early warning mechanisms, keep the channels for participation in policy-making open, and ensure decisions are made in a sound, democratic, and law-based way.

第二節 構建一流營(yíng)商環(huán)境

II. A favorable business environment

深化簡(jiǎn)政放權、放管結合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革,全面實(shí)行政府權責清單制度,持續優(yōu)化市場(chǎng)化法治化國際化營(yíng)商環(huán)境。實(shí)施全國統一的市場(chǎng)準入負面清單制度,破除清單之外隱性準入壁壘,以服務(wù)業(yè)為重點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步放寬準入限制。精簡(jiǎn)行政許可事項,減少歸并資質(zhì)資格許可,取消不必要的備案登記和年檢認定,規范涉企檢查。全面推行“證照分離”、“照后減證”改革,全面開(kāi)展工程建設項目審批制度改革。改革生產(chǎn)許可制度,簡(jiǎn)化工業(yè)產(chǎn)品審批程序,實(shí)施涉企經(jīng)營(yíng)許可事項清單管理。建立便利、高效、有序的市場(chǎng)主體退出制度,簡(jiǎn)化普通注銷(xiāo)程序,建立健全企業(yè)破產(chǎn)和自然人破產(chǎn)制度。創(chuàng )新政務(wù)服務(wù)方式,推進(jìn)審批服務(wù)便民化。深化國際貿易“單一窗口”建設。完善營(yíng)商環(huán)境評價(jià)體系。

Reforms will be intensified to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services, promote the system for listing the powers and obligations of government departments across the board, and continue to improve the market-based international business environment that respects the rule of law. We will implement the negative list system across the board for market access, remove hidden barriers to market access beyond the list, and further ease access restrictions mainly in the services sector. We will reduce government permits, merge some qualification permits, cancel unnecessary registrations and annual inspections, and regulate enterprise-related inspections. We will fully carry out the reform to separate permits from business licenses and reduce permits after granting licenses, as well as the reform of the construction project approval system. We will reform the production permit system, simplify the approval procedures for industrial products, and practice list-based management for all items related to enterprises that require administrative approval. We will establish a convenient, efficient, and orderly exit system for market entities, simplify ordinary deregistration procedures, and establish a sound bankruptcy system for enterprises and natural persons. We will develop new ways to deliver government services and streamline the approval services for the convenience of the people. We will promote the application of single-window document processing for international trade and improve the business environment assessment system.

第三節 推進(jìn)監管能力現代化

III. Better regulation 

健全以“雙隨機、一公開(kāi)”監管和“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+監管”為基本手段、以重點(diǎn)監管為補充、以信用監管為基礎的新型監管機制,推進(jìn)線(xiàn)上線(xiàn)下一體化監管。嚴格市場(chǎng)監管、質(zhì)量監管、安全監管,加強對食品藥品、特種設備和網(wǎng)絡(luò )交易、旅游、廣告、中介、物業(yè)等的監管,強化要素市場(chǎng)交易監管,對新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)實(shí)施包容審慎監管。深化市場(chǎng)監管綜合行政執法改革,完善跨領(lǐng)域跨部門(mén)聯(lián)動(dòng)執法、協(xié)同監管機制。深化行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì )、商會(huì )和中介機構改革。加強社會(huì )公眾、新聞媒體監督。

We will improve the new regulatory mechanism featuring the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets, the prompt release of results and the Internet Plus Oversight initiative, focusing on key targets and credit supervision to promote the integration of online and offline supervision. We will strengthen market supervision, quality supervision, safety supervision, the supervision of food and drugs, special equipment, online transactions, tourism, advertising, intermediaries, property management, etc., as well as the supervision of factor market transactions, and implement accommodative and prudent regulation of new industries and new forms of business. We will deepen the reform of coordinated law enforcement by government departments in market oversight and improve cross-sector law enforcement and collaborative supervision mechanisms. We will deepen the reform of trade associations, chambers of commerce, and intermediary agencies, and facilitate supervision by the public and the press.

第七篇 堅持農業(yè)農村優(yōu)先發(fā)展 全面推進(jìn)鄉村振興

Part VII Agricultural and Rural Development and Rural Revitalization 

走中國特色社會(huì )主義鄉村振興道路,全面實(shí)施鄉村振興戰略,強化以工補農、以城帶鄉,推動(dòng)形成工農互促、城鄉互補、協(xié)調發(fā)展、共同繁榮的新型工農城鄉關(guān)系,加快農業(yè)農村現代化。

A uniquely Chinese approach to rural revitalization will be adopted with strategies that encourage the manufacturing sector and urban entities to support agriculture and rural development, a move that will help create industry-agriculture and urban-rural synergies, beneficial to both urban and rural areas and allow coordinated development leading to shared prosperity and accelerated modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

第二十三章 提高農業(yè)質(zhì)量效益和競爭力

Chapter 23 Quality Issues and Competitiveness in the Agricultural Sector

持續強化農業(yè)基礎地位,深化農業(yè)供給側結構性改革,強化質(zhì)量導向,推動(dòng)鄉村產(chǎn)業(yè)振興。

The fundamental role of agriculture should never be underestimated. Supply-side structural reform in the agricultural sector is necessary to spur the growth of rural industries, with special attention to improving the quality of their products.

第一節 增強農業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力

I. Boosting the overall agricultural production capacity

夯實(shí)糧食生產(chǎn)能力基礎,保障糧、棉、油、糖、肉、奶等重要農產(chǎn)品供給安全。堅持最嚴格的耕地保護制度,強化耕地數量保護和質(zhì)量提升,嚴守18億畝耕地紅線(xiàn),遏制耕地“非農化”、防止“非糧化”,規范耕地占補平衡,嚴禁占優(yōu)補劣、占水田補旱地。以糧食生產(chǎn)功能區和重要農產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護區為重點(diǎn),建設國家糧食安全產(chǎn)業(yè)帶,實(shí)施高標準農田建設工程,建成10.75億畝集中連片高標準農田。實(shí)施黑土地保護工程,加強東北黑土地保護和地力恢復。推進(jìn)大中型灌區節水改造和精細化管理,建設節水灌溉骨干工程,同步推進(jìn)水價(jià)綜合改革。加強大中型、智能化、復合型農業(yè)機械研發(fā)應用,農作物耕種收綜合機械化率提高到75%。加強種質(zhì)資源保護利用和種子庫建設,確保種源安全。加強農業(yè)良種技術(shù)攻關(guān),有序推進(jìn)生物育種產(chǎn)業(yè)化應用,培育具有國際競爭力的種業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)。完善農業(yè)科技創(chuàng )新體系,創(chuàng )新農技推廣服務(wù)方式,建設智慧農業(yè)。加強動(dòng)物防疫和農作物病蟲(chóng)害防治,強化農業(yè)氣象服務(wù)。

We will consolidate the foundation of grain production capacity and ensure the supply of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, cooking oil, sugar, meat, and milk. We will enforce the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, strengthen the protection of farmland quantity and enhance its quality, ensure the total area of China’s farmland stay above the red line of 120 million hectares, prevent the use of farmland for non-agricultural and non-grain purposes, regulate the balance between the occupation and replenishment of farmland, and strictly prohibit the replacement of superior land with inferior land and irrigable land with to non-irrigable land. Focusing on functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products, we will build a national food security industrial belt, implement high-quality farmland development projects, and build contiguous high-quality farmland of more than 71.67 million hectares. We will carry out chernozem soil conservation projects and strengthen the conservation of chernozem soils and restoration of soil fertility in northeast China. We will promote water-saving transformation and lean management in large and medium-sized irrigation areas and build key water-saving irrigation projects while promoting comprehensive water pricing reform. We will step up the research, development and application of large and medium-sized, smart and multifunctional agricultural machinery so that the overall level of mechanization in plowing, sowing, and harvesting can be increased to 75%. We will boost the protection and utilization of germplasm resources and the development of seed banks to ensure the security of seed sources; step up efforts to break bottlenecks in developing technology to improve agricultural varieties; steadily advance the industrial application of biological breeding; and foster leading enterprises in the seed industry with international competitiveness. We will improve the agricultural science and technology innovation system, employ new ways to promote agricultural technologies, and develop smart agriculture. We will channel more efforts into animal epidemic prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, as well as agrometeorological services.

圖2. 糧食生產(chǎn)功能區和重要農產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護區布局示意圖 

Figure 2. Layout of functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products

第二節 深化農業(yè)結構調整

II. Structural adjustment in the agricultural sector

優(yōu)化農業(yè)生產(chǎn)布局,建設優(yōu)勢農產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)帶和特色農產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢區。推進(jìn)糧經(jīng)飼統籌、農林牧漁協(xié)調,優(yōu)化種植業(yè)結構,大力發(fā)展現代畜牧業(yè),促進(jìn)水產(chǎn)生態(tài)健康養殖。積極發(fā)展設施農業(yè),因地制宜發(fā)展林果業(yè)。深入推進(jìn)優(yōu)質(zhì)糧食工程。推進(jìn)農業(yè)綠色轉型,加強產(chǎn)地環(huán)境保護治理,發(fā)展節水農業(yè)和旱作農業(yè),深入實(shí)施農藥化肥減量行動(dòng),治理農膜污染,提升農膜回收利用率,推進(jìn)秸稈綜合利用和畜禽糞污資源化利用。完善綠色農業(yè)標準體系,加強綠色食品、有機農產(chǎn)品和地理標志農產(chǎn)品認證管理。強化全過(guò)程農產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監管,健全追溯體系。建設現代農業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區和農業(yè)現代化示范區。

We will improve the distribution of agricultural production, and build industrial belts for advantageous agricultural products and advantageous areas of featured agricultural products. We will promote the overall planning of grain, cash crops, and feed, as well as the coordination of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery; improve the farming structure; vigorously develop modern animal husbandry and healthy aquaculture; and actively develop protected agriculture as well as forestry and fruit industry according to local conditions. We will further promote high-quality grain projects, drive the green transformation of agriculture, boost environmental protection in production areas, develop water-saving and dry-farming techniques, advance the initiative of reducing pesticides and fertilizers, control agricultural film pollution by improving its recovery and utilization rate, and promote the comprehensive utilization of straw and the utilization of livestock manure as resources. We will improve the green agriculture standard system and the certification of green food, organic agricultural products, and agricultural products with geographical indications; intensify whole-process quality and safety supervision over agricultural products and improve the traceability system; and build industrial parks of modern agriculture and agricultural modernization demonstration zones.

第三節 豐富鄉村經(jīng)濟業(yè)態(tài)

III. Diversification of the rural economy

發(fā)展縣城經(jīng)濟,推進(jìn)農村一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展,延長(cháng)農業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條,發(fā)展各具特色的現代鄉村富民產(chǎn)業(yè)。推動(dòng)種養加結合和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈再造,提高農產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)和農業(yè)生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展水平,壯大休閑農業(yè)、鄉村旅游、民宿經(jīng)濟等特色產(chǎn)業(yè)。加強農產(chǎn)品倉儲保鮮和冷鏈物流設施建設,健全農村產(chǎn)權交易、商貿流通、檢驗檢測認證等平臺和智能標準廠(chǎng)房等設施,引導農村二三產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚發(fā)展。完善利益聯(lián)結機制,通過(guò)“資源變資產(chǎn)、資金變股金、農民變股東”,讓農民更多分享產(chǎn)業(yè)增值收益。

We will develop county economy, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, extend the agricultural industrial chain, and develop featured modern industries to ensure rural prosperity. We will boost the combination of farming, breeding, and processing and the reengineering of industrial chain, advance the development of agricultural products processing industry and agricultural producer service industry, and expand characteristic industries such as leisure agriculture, rural tourism, and homestay economy. We will step up the development of storage and preservation as well as cold chain logistics facilities for agricultural products, improve rural property rights trading, commercial circulation, inspection, testing, and certification platforms, as well as smart standard plants and other facilities, and encourage the development of clusters in rural secondary and tertiary industries. We will improve the interest linkage mechanism, and ensure farmers share more benefits from the growth of industries by “turning resources into assets, funds into shares, and farmers into shareholders”.

第二十四章 實(shí)施鄉村建設行動(dòng)

Chapter 24 Rural Development Initiatives 

把鄉村建設擺在社會(huì )主義現代化建設的重要位置,優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)生活生態(tài)空間,持續改善村容村貌和人居環(huán)境,建設美麗宜居鄉村。

Rural development is high on our socialist modernization agenda. Rural development initiatives aim to increase production, conserve and protect ecosystems, and improve the living environment.

第一節 強化鄉村建設的規劃引領(lǐng)

I. Rural development planning

統籌縣城城鎮和村莊規劃建設,通盤(pán)考慮土地利用、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、居民點(diǎn)建設、人居環(huán)境整治、生態(tài)保護、防災減災和歷史文化傳承?？茖W(xué)編制縣城村莊布局規劃,因地制宜、分類(lèi)推進(jìn)村莊建設,規范開(kāi)展全域土地綜合整治,保護傳統村落、民族村寨和鄉村風(fēng)貌,嚴禁隨意撤并村莊搞大社區、違背農民意愿大拆大建。優(yōu)化布局鄉村生活空間,嚴格保護農業(yè)生產(chǎn)空間和鄉村生態(tài)空間,科學(xué)劃定養殖業(yè)適養、限養、禁養區域。鼓勵有條件地區編制實(shí)用性村莊規劃。

We will coordinate the planning and development of towns and villages in counties while considering all relevant factors, including land use, industrial development, development of residential areas, improvement of the living environment, ecological conservation, disaster prevention and reduction, and conservation of cultural heritage. We will design sound layout plans for villages in counties, develop villages of different categories according to different local conditions, regulate the comprehensive improvement of land in the whole region, protect traditional villages, ethnic villages, and rural styles and features, and strictly prohibit the willful removal and merger of villages to build large communities or large-scale demolition and construction against the wishes of farmers. We will improve the layout of rural living spaces, strictly preserve the spaces for agricultural production and rural ecological conservation, and delineate suitable, restrained, and forbidden areas for breeding industry. We will also encourage areas to draw up practical village plans, where conditions permit.

第二節 提升鄉村基礎設施和公共服務(wù)水平

II. Upgrading infrastructure and public services in rural areas

以縣城為基本單元推進(jìn)城鄉融合發(fā)展,強化縣城綜合服務(wù)能力和鄉鎮服務(wù)農民功能。健全城鄉基礎設施統一規劃、統一建設、統一管護機制,推動(dòng)市政公用設施向郊區鄉村和規模較大中心鎮延伸,完善鄉村水、電、路、氣、郵政通信、廣播電視、物流等基礎設施,提升農房建設質(zhì)量。推進(jìn)城鄉基本公共服務(wù)標準統一、制度并軌,增加農村教育、醫療、養老、文化等服務(wù)供給,推進(jìn)縣城內教師醫生交流輪崗,鼓勵社會(huì )力量興辦農村公益事業(yè)。提高農民科技文化素質(zhì),推動(dòng)鄉村人才振興。

We will drive the integrated development of urban and rural areas by taking counties as the basic units, and enhance counties’ capacity to provide comprehensive services and townships’ functions to serve farmers. We will improve the mechanism for unified planning, development, management, and protection of urban and rural infrastructure, promote the extension of municipal utilities to suburban villages and large-scale central towns, improve rural infrastructure relating to water, electricity, roads, gas, postal communications, radio and television, and logistics, as well as the quality of rural housing construction. We will promote the adoption of the same standards for basic public services and the same systems in urban and rural areas; increase the provision of services in education, healthcare, old-age care, culture, and other fields in rural areas; promote the exchange and job rotation of teachers and doctors in counties; and encourage non-governmental actors to launch charitable initiatives in rural areas. We will improve farmers’ literacy in science, technology, and culture, and promote the revitalization of rural talents.

第三節 改善農村人居環(huán)境

III. Better living environment in rural areas

開(kāi)展農村人居環(huán)境整治提升行動(dòng),穩步解決“垃圾圍村”和鄉村黑臭水體等突出環(huán)境問(wèn)題。推進(jìn)農村生活垃圾就地分類(lèi)和資源化利用,以鄉鎮政府駐地和中心村為重點(diǎn)梯次推進(jìn)農村生活污水治理。支持因地制宜推進(jìn)農村廁所革命。推進(jìn)農村水系綜合整治。深入開(kāi)展村莊清潔和綠化行動(dòng),實(shí)現村莊公共空間及庭院房屋、村莊周邊干凈整潔。

We will work on redeveloping the rural living environment, and steadily resolve outstanding environmental issues such as the “villages surrounded by garbage” and dirty and odorous water bodies in rural areas. We will promote the on-site sorting and recycling of household waste and steadily advance household sewage treatment in rural areas, while focusing on seats of township governments and central villages. We will promote the toilet revolution in line with local conditions, boost comprehensive improvement of rural water systems, and organize in-depth village cleaning and greening activities to make public spaces, courtyards, and houses in villages, as well as their surrounding areas clean and tidy.

第二十五章 健全城鄉融合發(fā)展體制機制

Chapter 25 Integrated Urban-Rural Development

建立健全城鄉要素平等交換、雙向流動(dòng)政策體系,促進(jìn)要素更多向鄉村流動(dòng),增強農業(yè)農村發(fā)展活力。

Favorable policies will be rolled out to facilitate two-way flows of urban and rural production factors, and encourage, in particular, channeling more resources towards rural areas to boost rural dynamism.

第一節 深化農業(yè)農村改革

I. Agricultural and rural reforms

鞏固完善農村基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度,落實(shí)第二輪土地承包到期后再延長(cháng)30年政策,完善農村承包地所有權、承包權、經(jīng)營(yíng)權分置制度,進(jìn)一步放活經(jīng)營(yíng)權。發(fā)展多種形式適度規模經(jīng)營(yíng),加快培育家庭農場(chǎng)、農民合作社等新型農業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體,健全農業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)化社會(huì )化服務(wù)體系,實(shí)現小農戶(hù)和現代農業(yè)有機銜接。深化農村宅基地制度改革試點(diǎn),加快房地一體的宅基地確權頒證,探索宅基地所有權、資格權、使用權分置實(shí)現形式。積極探索實(shí)施農村集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設用地入市制度。允許農村集體在農民自愿前提下,依法把有償收回的閑置宅基地、廢棄的集體公益性建設用地轉變?yōu)榧w經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設用地入市。建立土地征收公共利益認定機制,縮小土地征收范圍。深化農村集體產(chǎn)權制度改革,完善產(chǎn)權權能,將經(jīng)營(yíng)性資產(chǎn)量化到集體經(jīng)濟組織成員,發(fā)展壯大新型農村集體經(jīng)濟。切實(shí)減輕村級組織負擔。發(fā)揮國家城鄉融合發(fā)展試驗區、農村改革試驗區示范帶動(dòng)作用。

We will consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, implement the policy of extending the second round of land contracts for another 30 years upon expiration, improve the system of separating the ownership right, contract right, and management right of rural contracted land, and further reduce restrictions on the management right. We will develop various types of appropriately scaled agribusiness operations, accelerate the fostering of new agricultural business entities such as family farms and farmers’ cooperatives, improve the system of specialized and commercial services for agriculture, and introduce small rural households to modern agriculture. We will further carry out trial reforms on rural land designated for housing, accelerate the confirmation and certification of both land and house rights, and explore the approach to achieving the separation of ownership, entitlement, and right to use of rural land designated for housing. We will vigorously explore and implement a system for putting rural collective land for development purposes on the market, allow rural collectives to convert idled land designated for housing that has been recovered after paying compensation, and disused collective land designated for public good into collective land for development purposes and put the land on the market according to law based on the premise of farmers’ willingness. We will establish a mechanism for determining public interests in rural land requisition and narrow the scope of requisitioned land. We will deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system, improve the powers and functions of property rights, quantify for-profit assets for the members of the collective economic organizations, and develop a new rural collective economy to effectively alleviate the burden of village-level organizations. We will give play to the exemplary role of national pilot zones for integrated urban-rural development and rural reform pilot zones.

第二節 加強農業(yè)農村發(fā)展要素保障

II. Supply of production factors for agricultural and rural development

健全農業(yè)農村投入保障制度,加大中央財政轉移支付、土地出讓收入、地方政府債券支持農業(yè)農村力度。健全農業(yè)支持保護制度,完善糧食主產(chǎn)區利益補償機制,構建新型農業(yè)補貼政策體系,完善糧食最低收購價(jià)政策。深化供銷(xiāo)合作社改革。完善農村用地保障機制,保障設施農業(yè)和鄉村產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展合理用地需求。健全農村金融服務(wù)體系,完善金融支農激勵機制,擴大農村資產(chǎn)抵押擔保融資范圍,發(fā)展農業(yè)保險。允許入鄉就業(yè)創(chuàng )業(yè)人員在原籍地或就業(yè)創(chuàng )業(yè)地落戶(hù)并享受相關(guān)權益,建立科研人員入鄉兼職兼薪和離崗創(chuàng )業(yè)制度。

We will improve the system for guaranteeing government funding for agriculture and rural areas and increase support to them from the central government’s financial transfer payments, proceeds from sale of land-use rights, and local government bonds. We will improve the agricultural support and protection system, as well as the interest compensation mechanism for major grain-producing areas, develop a new system of agricultural subsidy policies, and refine the policy for setting minimum prices for state grain purchases. We will deepen the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and improve the support mechanism for rural land use, to ensure that the reasonable land-use needs in developing protected agriculture and rural industries are met. We will improve the rural financial service system and the incentive mechanism of financial support to agriculture, expand the scope of financing guaranteed by rural asset collateral, and develop agricultural insurance. We will allow people who seek employment or who want to start businesses in the countryside to register their household and enjoy relevant rights and interests in their native places or the locations of their jobs or businesses, and establish a system for scientific researchers to engage in secondary jobs and off-post entrepreneurship in rural areas.

第二十六章 實(shí)現鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果同鄉村振興有效銜接

Chapter 26 Rural Revitalization to Be Pursued by Building on Success in Poverty Alleviation

建立完善農村低收入人口和欠發(fā)達地區幫扶機制,保持主要幫扶政策和財政投入力度總體穩定,接續推進(jìn)脫貧地區發(fā)展。

Support will continue to be provided to rural low-income groups and underdeveloped areas. The level of government funding for this purpose will stay stable and assistance programs will continue to be implemented even after the target communities have been lifted out of poverty, a move that is intended to keep the momentum going and prevent the vulnerable from slipping back into poverty.

第一節 鞏固提升脫貧攻堅成果

I. Building on poverty alleviation achievements

嚴格落實(shí)“摘帽不摘責任、摘帽不摘政策、摘帽不摘幫扶、摘帽不摘監管”要求,建立健全鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果長(cháng)效機制。健全防止返貧動(dòng)態(tài)監測和精準幫扶機制,對易返貧致貧人口實(shí)施常態(tài)化監測,建立健全快速發(fā)現和響應機制,分層分類(lèi)及時(shí)納入幫扶政策范圍。完善農村社會(huì )保障和救助制度,健全農村低收入人口常態(tài)化幫扶機制。對脫貧地區繼續實(shí)施城鄉建設用地增減掛鉤節余指標省內交易政策、調整完善跨省域交易政策。加強扶貧項目資金資產(chǎn)管理和監督,推動(dòng)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續發(fā)展。推廣以工代賑方式,帶動(dòng)低收入人口就地就近就業(yè)。做好易地扶貧搬遷后續幫扶,加強大型搬遷安置區新型城鎮化建設。

We will work to meet the requirements of “continuing poverty alleviation responsibility, policies, and assistance and oversight for areas that have been removed from the poverty list”, and establish a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation achievements. We will improve the dynamic monitoring and targeted assistance mechanisms for preventing people from falling back into poverty, regularly monitor groups who are liable to return to or fall into poverty, establish a sound mechanism for rapid detection and response, and bring people who can potentially return to poverty into the scope of assistance policies in a timely manner, considering different types at different levels. We will improve the social security and assistance system in rural areas, and improve the mechanism for regular assistance of low-income rural residents. For areas that have been lifted out of poverty, we will continue to implement the policy for intra-provincial trading of the surplus quotas under the policy of linking newly-added cropland quotas with the amount of land used for urban and rural construction, and adjust and improve the policy of inter-provincial trading of the same. We will step up the management and supervision of funds and assets in poverty alleviation projects, and promote the sustainable development of characteristic industries. By rolling out work-relief programs, we will drive low-income population to get jobs locally or in nearby regions. We will effectively provide follow-up support for people relocated from inhospitable areas, and promote a new type of urbanization in large-scale resettlement areas.

第二節 提升脫貧地區整體發(fā)展水平

II. A continued upward trajectory for communities recently out of poverty

實(shí)施脫貧地區特色種養業(yè)提升行動(dòng),廣泛開(kāi)展農產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)對接活動(dòng),深化拓展消費幫扶。在西部地區脫貧縣中集中支持一批鄉村振興重點(diǎn)幫扶縣,從財政、金融、土地、人才、基礎設施、公共服務(wù)等方面給予集中支持,增強其鞏固脫貧成果及內生發(fā)展能力。堅持和完善東西部協(xié)作和對口支援、中央單位定點(diǎn)幫扶、社會(huì )力量參與幫扶等機制,調整優(yōu)化東西部協(xié)作結對幫扶關(guān)系和幫扶方式,強化產(chǎn)業(yè)合作和勞務(wù)協(xié)作。

We will encourage the areas that have got rid of poverty to develop featured farming and breeding industries, extensively organize activities to ensure better linkage between production and sales of agricultural products, and expand the assistance by boosting the consumption of goods produced by the areas lifted out of poverty. A number of counties lifted out of poverty in western China will be designated as key counties for receiving assistance for rural revitalization and receive focused support in terms of government funding, financial services, land, manpower, infrastructure, and public services, so as to increase their capacity to consolidate their achievements in poverty alleviation and boost internal forces driving development. We will carry on and improve the mechanisms for collaboration between the eastern and western regions, for providing paired assistance, for designated assistance by central departments and organizations, and for the participation of non-governmental entities. We will adjust and improve the collaboration between eastern and western regions in offering paired assistance and the way of offering such assistance and give greater emphasis to industrial and labor service cooperation.

第八篇 完善新型城鎮化戰略 提升城鎮化發(fā)展質(zhì)量

Part VIII New Urbanization Strategy with a Focus on Quality Development

堅持走中國特色新型城鎮化道路,深入推進(jìn)以人為核心的新型城鎮化戰略,以城市群、都市圈為依托促進(jìn)大中小城市和小城鎮協(xié)調聯(lián)動(dòng)、特色化發(fā)展,使更多人民群眾享有更高品質(zhì)的城市生活。

A uniquely Chinese approach to urbanization will continue to guide the new urbanization process. The process should be people-centered. It aims to promote coordinated development of large, medium-sized, and small cities and small towns that make up urban clusters and metropolitan areas, while helping local cultural traditions and industries and services with local characteristics thrive. The goal is to allow more people to enjoy better city life.

第二十七章 加快農業(yè)轉移人口市民化

Chapter 27 Urban Residency Status for Rural Residents 

堅持存量?jì)?yōu)先、帶動(dòng)增量,統籌推進(jìn)戶(hù)籍制度改革和城鎮基本公共服務(wù)常住人口全覆蓋,健全農業(yè)轉移人口市民化配套政策體系,加快推動(dòng)農業(yè)轉移人口全面融入城市。

The household registration system will undergo an overhaul to ensure full access to basic urban public services for all urban residents, and allow rural residents who have moved to urban areas, especially those who have been living for a long time in cities to gain urban residency, so as to facilitate their integration into city life. 

第一節 深化戶(hù)籍制度改革

I. Reform of the household registration system

放開(kāi)放寬除個(gè)別超大城市外的落戶(hù)限制,試行以經(jīng)常居住地登記戶(hù)口制度。全面取消城區常住人口300萬(wàn)以下的城市落戶(hù)限制,確保外地與本地農業(yè)轉移人口進(jìn)城落戶(hù)標準一視同仁。全面放寬城區常住人口300萬(wàn)至500萬(wàn)的I型大城市落戶(hù)條件。完善城區常住人口500萬(wàn)以上的超大特大城市積分落戶(hù)政策,精簡(jiǎn)積分項目,確保社會(huì )保險繳納年限和居住年限分數占主要比例,鼓勵取消年度落戶(hù)名額限制。健全以居住證為載體、與居住年限等條件相掛鉤的基本公共服務(wù)提供機制,鼓勵地方政府提供更多基本公共服務(wù)和辦事便利,提高居住證持有人城鎮義務(wù)教育、住房保障等服務(wù)的實(shí)際享有水平。

We will lift or reduce the restrictions on household registration, except in certain mega cities, and pilot the household registration system based on places of one’s habitual residence. We will lift all restrictions on household registration in cities with a permanent urban population of less than 3 million, and ensure that the people who have moved from other and local rural areas enjoy equal treatment with respect to urban household registration. For Type-I large cities with a permanent urban population of 3 to 5 million, we will fully relax the conditions for granting urban residency. For mega cities with a permanent urban population of more than 5 million, we will improve the points-based household registration policy by streamlining the points categories, to ensure that the number of years of social insurance payment and the number of years of residence carry the most weight, and we will encourage the cancellation of the annual quota for household registration. We will improve the mechanism for providing basic public services based on the residence permit and linked to the length of residence and other conditions, encourage local governments to provide more basic public services and more convenient access to government services, and improve the urban compulsory education, housing, and other services actually enjoyed by residence permit holders.

第二節 健全農業(yè)轉移人口市民化機制

II. Urban residency status for rural migrants 

完善財政轉移支付與農業(yè)轉移人口市民化掛鉤相關(guān)政策,提高均衡性轉移支付分配中常住人口折算比例,中央財政市民化獎勵資金分配主要依據跨省落戶(hù)人口數量確定。建立財政性建設資金對吸納落戶(hù)較多城市的基礎設施投資補助機制,加大中央預算內投資支持力度。調整城鎮建設用地年度指標分配依據,建立同吸納農業(yè)轉移人口落戶(hù)數量和提供保障性住房規模掛鉤機制。根據人口流動(dòng)實(shí)際調整人口流入流出地區教師、醫生等編制定額和基本公共服務(wù)設施布局。依法保障進(jìn)城落戶(hù)農民農村土地承包權、宅基地使用權、集體收益分配權,建立農村產(chǎn)權流轉市場(chǎng)體系,健全農戶(hù)“三權”市場(chǎng)化退出機制和配套政策。

We will improve the policies related to the linkage between the fiscal transfer payments and the granting of urban residency to the people with rural household registration living in urban areas, raise the conversion ratio of the permanent population in the balanced distribution of the transfer payments, and determine the distribution of the central fiscal incentive funds for urban residency primarily based on the number of the people who have moved from other provinces. For cities that have taken in a large number of people who have relocated from rural areas, we will set up a mechanism for subsidizing their infrastructure construction with part of fiscal construction funds, and increase central funding budgetary support. We will adjust the basis for the annual allotment of land designated for construction in urban areas, and establish a mechanism to link the allotment with the number of people with rural household registration living in urban areas granted with urban residency and the scale of government-subsidized housing. We will adjust the quota of teachers and doctors and the layout of basic public service facilities for areas with inflow and outflow population according to the actual population flow. We will protect the rights of rural migrants who have settled in cities in accordance with the law with respect to farmland contracting, residential land use, and proceeds from rural collective undertakings, establish a market system for transferring rural property rights, and improve the mechanism and supporting policies for market-based abdication from the abovementioned “three rights” of rural households.

第二十八章 完善城鎮化空間布局

Chapter 28 Spatial Distribution of Urban Centers

發(fā)展壯大城市群和都市圈,分類(lèi)引導大中小城市發(fā)展方向和建設重點(diǎn),形成疏密有致、分工協(xié)作、功能完善的城鎮化空間格局。

With the expansion of urban clusters and metropolitan areas, better coordination is essential for the development of large, medium-sized, and small cities that make up clusters, each with its own priorities and areas of focus, taking into account the need for proper density, coordination in service delivery, and rational distribution of services and amenities. 

第一節 推動(dòng)城市群一體化發(fā)展

I. Integrated development of urban clusters

以促進(jìn)城市群發(fā)展為抓手,全面形成“兩橫三縱”城鎮化戰略格局。優(yōu)化提升京津冀、長(cháng)三角、珠三角、成渝、長(cháng)江中游等城市群,發(fā)展壯大山東半島、粵閩浙沿海、中原、關(guān)中平原、北部灣等城市群,培育發(fā)展哈長(cháng)、遼中南、山西中部、黔中、滇中、呼包鄂榆、蘭州-西寧、寧夏沿黃、天山北坡等城市群。建立健全城市群一體化協(xié)調發(fā)展機制和成本共擔、利益共享機制,統籌推進(jìn)基礎設施協(xié)調布局、產(chǎn)業(yè)分工協(xié)作、公共服務(wù)共享、生態(tài)共建環(huán)境共治。優(yōu)化城市群內部空間結構,構筑生態(tài)和安全屏障,形成多中心、多層級、多節點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò )型城市群。

We will take promoting the development of urban clusters as the starting point to all-roundly form a strategic pattern of urbanization featuring “two horizontal and three vertical axes”, by upgrading the urban clusters of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing region, and the middle reaches of Yangtze River; developing the urban clusters of Shandong Peninsula, the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, the Central Plains, the Guanzhong Plain, and the Beibu Gulf; and fostering the urban clusters of Harbin-Changchun, Central and Southern Liaoning, Central Shanxi, Central Guizhou, Central Yunnan, Huhhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin, Lanzhou-Xining, Ningxia along the Yellow River, and the north slope of Tianshan Mountains. We will establish and improve the mechanisms for integrated and coordinated development of urban clusters and for cost and benefit sharing, and comprehensively promote the coordinated layout of infrastructure, industrial division of labor and cooperation, public service sharing, ecological co-construction, and environmental co-governance. We will also optimize the internal spatial structure of urban clusters and build them into a multi-center, multi-level, and multi-nodal network with improved ecological and security shields.

第二節 建設現代化都市圈

II. Modern metropolitan areas

依托輻射帶動(dòng)能力較強的中心城市,提高1小時(shí)通勤圈協(xié)同發(fā)展水平,培育發(fā)展一批同城化程度高的現代化都市圈。以城際鐵路和市域(郊)鐵路等軌道交通為骨干,打通各類(lèi)“斷頭路”、“瓶頸路”,推動(dòng)市內市外交通有效銜接和軌道交通“四網(wǎng)融合”,提高都市圈基礎設施連接性貫通性。鼓勵都市圈社保和落戶(hù)積分互認、教育和醫療資源共享,推動(dòng)科技創(chuàng )新券通兌通用、產(chǎn)業(yè)園區和科研平臺合作共建。鼓勵有條件的都市圈建立統一的規劃委員會(huì ),實(shí)現規劃統一編制、統一實(shí)施,探索推進(jìn)土地、人口等統一管理。

We will improve the coordinated development of one-hour commute circles by relying on the central cities with strong capacity to facilitate the development of surrounding areas, and foster several modern metropolitan areas with a high degree of urban integration. With intercity railways, suburban railways, and other rail transits as the backbone, we will eliminate all kinds of “dead end roads” and “bottleneck roads”, promote effective connection of intra-city and inter-city traffic and integration of “the four networks” - trunk, intercity, suburban, and urban railways, and improve the connectivity of infrastructure in metropolitan areas. We will encourage mutual recognition of social security and household registration points, sharing of educational and medical resources in metropolitan areas, and promote the exchange and circulation of scientific and technological innovation coupons as well as the co-construction of industrial parks and scientific research platforms. Where conditions permit, metropolitan areas will be encouraged to establish unified planning committees to achieve unified formulation and implementation of plans, and ways will be sought to promote unified management of land and population.

第三節 優(yōu)化提升超大特大城市中心城區功能

III. Functions of the central areas in mega cities reimagined

統籌兼顧經(jīng)濟、生活、生態(tài)、安全等多元需要,轉變超大特大城市開(kāi)發(fā)建設方式,加強超大特大城市治理中的風(fēng)險防控,促進(jìn)高質(zhì)量、可持續發(fā)展。有序疏解中心城區一般性制造業(yè)、區域性物流基地、專(zhuān)業(yè)市場(chǎng)等功能和設施,以及過(guò)度集中的醫療和高等教育等公共服務(wù)資源,合理降低開(kāi)發(fā)強度和人口密度。增強全球資源配置、科技創(chuàng )新策源、高端產(chǎn)業(yè)引領(lǐng)功能,率先形成以現代服務(wù)業(yè)為主體、先進(jìn)制造業(yè)為支撐的產(chǎn)業(yè)結構,提升綜合能級與國際競爭力。堅持產(chǎn)城融合,完善郊區新城功能,實(shí)現多中心、組團式發(fā)展。

We will take into account the multiple needs of economy, life, ecology, and security to transform the development model of mega cities, and strengthen their risk prevention and control in terms of governance, so as to promote their high-quality and sustainable development. In order to appropriately reduce the development intensity and population density in central urban areas of mega cities, we will relieve in an orderly manner the areas of general manufacturing industries, regional logistics bases and professional markets as well as related functions and facilities, and avoid excessive concentration of public service resources including medical services and higher education. We will enhance the roles of mega cities in global resource allocation, in driving scientific and technological innovation, and in leading the development of high-end industries, ensure that mega cities take the lead in forming an industrial structure with modern service industry as the mainstay and advanced manufacturing as the prop, and enhance their overall capacity and international competitiveness. We will continue the integration of urban areas and industries and improve the functions of new suburban cities to realize multi-center and cluster development.

第四節 完善大中城市宜居宜業(yè)功能

IV. Livability and better working conditions in large and medium-sized cities 

充分利用綜合成本相對較低的優(yōu)勢,主動(dòng)承接超大特大城市產(chǎn)業(yè)轉移和功能疏解,夯實(shí)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟發(fā)展基礎。立足特色資源和產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎,確立制造業(yè)差異化定位,推動(dòng)制造業(yè)規?；夯l(fā)展,因地制宜建設先進(jìn)制造業(yè)基地、商貿物流中心和區域專(zhuān)業(yè)服務(wù)中心。優(yōu)化市政公用設施布局和功能,支持三級醫院和高等院校在大中城市布局,增加文化體育資源供給,營(yíng)造現代時(shí)尚的消費場(chǎng)景,提升城市生活品質(zhì)。

We will make full use of the relatively low comprehensive cost advantages of large and medium-sized cities, and actively undertake the transfer of industries and functions of mega cities, to lay a solid foundation for the development of the real economy. Based on these cities’ featured resources and industrial foundation, we will have differentiated positioning in manufacturing to promote the development of the manufacturing sector on a large scale or in clusters, and build advanced manufacturing bases, commercial and trading logistics centers, and regional professional service centers according to local conditions. We will improve the layout and functions of municipal public facilities, support the presence of tertiary hospitals and universities in large and medium-sized cities, increase the supply of cultural and sports resources, and create a modern and fashionable consumption environment, to make cities better places for living.

第五節 推進(jìn)以縣城為重要載體的城鎮化建設

V. County-level urbanization

加快縣城補短板強弱項,推進(jìn)公共服務(wù)、環(huán)境衛生、市政公用、產(chǎn)業(yè)配套等設施提級擴能,增強綜合承載能力和治理能力。支持東部地區基礎較好的縣城建設,重點(diǎn)支持中西部和東北城鎮化地區縣城建設,合理支持農產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區、重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區縣城建設。健全縣城建設投融資機制,更好發(fā)揮財政性資金作用,引導金融資本和社會(huì )資本加大投入力度。穩步有序推動(dòng)符合條件的縣和鎮區常住人口20萬(wàn)以上的特大鎮設市。按照區位條件、資源稟賦和發(fā)展基礎,因地制宜發(fā)展小城鎮,促進(jìn)特色小鎮規范健康發(fā)展。

We will step up efforts to shore up weak links in counties, upgrade and expand their public services, environmental sanitation, municipal utilities, and industrial supporting facilities, and enhance their overall carrying capacity and governance capacity. We will support the development of the counties with a good foundation in the eastern regions, focus on the development of counties in the urbanized areas of central and western regions as well as northeastern regions, and appropriately support the development of counties in major production areas of agricultural products and key eco-function zones. We will improve the funding and financing mechanism for development of counties, to give better play to the role of fiscal funds, and guide financial and non-governmental capital to increase funding. We will steadily and in an orderly manner promote the conversion of qualified counties and super-large towns with a permanent population of over 200,000 into cities, develop small towns according to the local conditions, resource endowment and development basis, and promote the standardized and healthy development of characteristic towns.

圖3 城鎮化空間布局示意圖

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the urbanization spatial layout

第二十九章 全面提升城市品質(zhì)

Chapter 29 Quality of Urban Living

加快轉變城市發(fā)展方式,統籌城市規劃建設管理,實(shí)施城市更新行動(dòng),推動(dòng)城市空間結構優(yōu)化和品質(zhì)提升。

A paradigm shift in urban development is necessary to better coordinate urban planning and city development management, including initiatives for urban renewal and for more rational use of urban space, with a view to improving the quality of urban living.  

第一節 轉變城市發(fā)展方式

I. A paradigm shift in urban development 

按照資源環(huán)境承載能力合理確定城市規模和空間結構,統籌安排城市建設、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、生態(tài)涵養、基礎設施和公共服務(wù)。推行功能復合、立體開(kāi)發(fā)、公交導向的集約緊湊型發(fā)展模式,統籌地上地下空間利用,增加綠化節點(diǎn)和公共開(kāi)敞空間,新建住宅推廣街區制。推行城市設計和風(fēng)貌管控,落實(shí)適用、經(jīng)濟、綠色、美觀(guān)的新時(shí)期建筑方針,加強新建高層建筑管控。加快推進(jìn)城市更新,改造提升老舊小區、老舊廠(chǎng)區、老舊街區和城中村等存量片區功能,推進(jìn)老舊樓宇改造,積極擴建新建停車(chē)場(chǎng)、充電樁。

We will logically determine the scale and spatial structure of cities in accordance with the carrying capacity of resources and the environment and make overall arrangements for urban construction, industrial development, ecological conservation, infrastructure, and public services. We will adopt an intensive and compact development model that enables multi-functional, three-dimensional, and transit-oriented development, coordinate the utilization of above-ground and underground space, increase greening nodes and public open space, and promote the block system for new residential buildings. We will promote management and control of urban design and landscape, put into effect guidelines for building applicable, economic, green, and beautiful cityscape in the new era, and strengthen control over new high-rise buildings. We will accelerate urban renewal by redeveloping and upgrading the functions of old residential areas, old factory areas, old blocks and urban villages among other idle zones, promote the renovation of old buildings, and actively expand new parking lots and charging piles.

第二節 推進(jìn)新型城市建設

II. New city centers

順應城市發(fā)展新理念新趨勢,開(kāi)展城市現代化試點(diǎn)示范,建設宜居、創(chuàng )新、智慧、綠色、人文、韌性城市。提升城市智慧化水平,推行城市樓宇、公共空間、地下管網(wǎng)等“一張圖”數字化管理和城市運行一網(wǎng)統管?？茖W(xué)規劃布局城市綠環(huán)綠廊綠楔綠道,推進(jìn)生態(tài)修復和功能完善工程,優(yōu)先發(fā)展城市公共交通,建設自行車(chē)道、步行道等慢行網(wǎng)絡(luò ),發(fā)展智能建造,推廣綠色建材、裝配式建筑和鋼結構住宅,建設低碳城市。保護和延續城市文脈,杜絕大拆大建,讓城市留下記憶、讓居民記住鄉愁。建設源頭減排、蓄排結合、排澇除險、超標應急的城市防洪排澇體系,推動(dòng)城市內澇治理取得明顯成效。增強公共設施應對風(fēng)暴、干旱和地質(zhì)災害的能力,完善公共設施和建筑應急避難功能。加強無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設。拓展城市建設資金來(lái)源渠道,建立期限匹配、渠道多元、財務(wù)可持續的融資機制。

In line with the new vision and trend of urban development, we will carry out pilot and demonstration projects to modernize cities, and make them livable, innovative, smart, green, civil, and resilient. We will build smarter cities and practice the “one map” digital management of urban buildings, public space, and underground pipe network as well as the unified network management of urban operations. We will make sound plans for developing the green ring, green corridor, green wedge, and green lane in urban areas, promote ecological restoration and functional improvement, prioritize the development of urban transit, develop a slow-traffic network of bicycle lanes and pedestrian paths, develop smart construction, and build low-carbon cities by popularizing the use of eco-friendly building materials, prefabricated buildings, and steel structure housing. We will keep cultural heritage alive and put an end to large-scale demolition and construction so that cities can evoke the nostalgia of residents. We will build an urban flood control and drainage system featuring combination of storage and drainage for the source emission reduction, elimination of the waterlogging risk and emergency response, so as to achieve substantial results in promoting urban waterlogging control. We will enhance the ability of public facilities to cope with storms, droughts, and geological disasters, and improve the functions of public facilities and buildings as emergency shelters. We will strengthen the building of an accessible environment, expand the sources of urban construction funds, and establish a financially sustainable financing mechanism that involves appropriate terms and supports diversified channels.

第三節 提高城市治理水平

III. Urban governance

堅持黨建引領(lǐng)、重心下移、科技賦能,不斷提升城市治理科學(xué)化精細化智能化水平,推進(jìn)市域社會(huì )治理現代化。改革完善城市管理體制。推廣“街鄉吹哨、部門(mén)報到、接訴即辦”等基層管理機制經(jīng)驗,推動(dòng)資源、管理、服務(wù)向街道社區下沉,加快建設現代社區。運用數字技術(shù)推動(dòng)城市管理手段、管理模式、管理理念創(chuàng )新,精準高效滿(mǎn)足群眾需求。加強物業(yè)服務(wù)監管,提高物業(yè)服務(wù)覆蓋率、服務(wù)質(zhì)量和標準化水平。

We will uphold Party building measures, shift the focus downward, and ensure empowerment by science and technology, continue to make urban governance more effective, meticulous, and intelligent, and promote the modernization of social governance in urban areas. We will reform and improve the urban management system, promote the experience of community-level management mechanisms as represented by “all departments responding to the call of the sub-district and township governments to process public complaints without delay”, channel more resources, management, and services down to sub-districts and communities, and accelerate the building of modern communities. We will promote innovation in urban management methodology, model, and concept with digital technology and meet the exact needs of the people with high efficiency. We will strengthen property service oversight and improve the coverage, quality, and standardization of property services.

第四節 完善住房市場(chǎng)體系和住房保障體系

IV. Housing market and housing support 

堅持房子是用來(lái)住的、不是用來(lái)炒的定位,加快建立多主體供給、多渠道保障、租購并舉的住房制度,讓全體人民住有所居、職住平衡。堅持因地制宜、多策并舉,夯實(shí)城市政府主體責任,穩定地價(jià)、房?jì)r(jià)和預期。建立住房和土地聯(lián)動(dòng)機制,加強房地產(chǎn)金融調控,發(fā)揮住房稅收調節作用,支持合理自住需求,遏制投資投機性需求。加快培育和發(fā)展住房租賃市場(chǎng),有效盤(pán)活存量住房資源,有力有序擴大城市租賃住房供給,完善長(cháng)租房政策,逐步使租購住房在享受公共服務(wù)上具有同等權利。加快住房租賃法規建設,加強租賃市場(chǎng)監管,保障承租人和出租人合法權益。有效增加保障性住房供給,完善住房保障基礎性制度和支持政策。以人口流入多、房?jì)r(jià)高的城市為重點(diǎn),擴大保障性租賃住房供給,著(zhù)力解決困難群體和新市民住房問(wèn)題。單列租賃住房用地計劃,探索利用集體建設用地和企事業(yè)單位自有閑置土地建設租賃住房,支持將非住宅房屋改建為保障性租賃住房。完善土地出讓收入分配機制,加大財稅、金融支持力度。因地制宜發(fā)展共有產(chǎn)權住房。處理好基本保障和非基本保障的關(guān)系,完善住房保障方式,健全保障對象、準入門(mén)檻、退出管理等政策。改革完善住房公積金制度,健全繳存、使用、管理和運行機制。

We will uphold the principle that housing is for living rather than for speculation, and accelerate the establishment of a housing system with diverse suppliers, multiple channels of support, and combined renting and purchase, to ensure access to housing and balanced job and housing provisions for all people. We will implement a host of measures based on local conditions and ensure that urban governments have the primary responsibility for keeping land and housing prices and expectations stable. We will establish a linkage mechanism between housing and land, strengthen financial regulation of real estate, give full play to the regulatory role of housing tax, support reasonable demand for owner-occupied housing, and curb speculative and investment-related demand for housing. We will work faster to foster and develop the housing rental market, effectively revitalize idle housing resources, expand the supply of urban rental housing in an effective and orderly manner, improve the long-term rental housing policy, and gradually endow renters and purchasers of housing with equal rights in terms of access to public services. We will step up the development of housing rental laws and regulations and strengthen the supervision of the rental market to protect the legitimate rights and interests of lessees and lessors. We will effectively increase the supply of government-subsidized housing and improve the basic system and supporting policies for guaranteeing access to housing. We will expand the supply of government-subsidized rental housing with a focus put on cities with large population inflows and high housing prices, and step up efforts to solve the housing problems of people in difficulties and new residents. We will formulate a separate land use plan for rental housing, explore the use of collective construction land and idle land owned by enterprises and public institutions to build rental housing, and support the conversion of non-residential housing into affordable rental housing. We will improve the mechanism for distribution of income from land transfer, and increase fiscal, taxation, and financial support. We will develop shared ownership housing in line with local conditions, properly handle the relationship between basic guarantee and non-basic guarantee and improve the way of housing guarantee and the policies on the targets, threshold, and exit management concerning housing guarantee. We will reform and improve the housing provident fund system in terms of mechanisms for deposit, use, management, and operation.

第九篇 優(yōu)化區域經(jīng)濟布局 促進(jìn)區域協(xié)調發(fā)展

Part IX Improving Regional Economic Structures and Promoting Coordinated Regional Development

深入實(shí)施區域重大戰略、區域協(xié)調發(fā)展戰略、主體功能區戰略,健全區域協(xié)調發(fā)展體制機制,構建高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的區域經(jīng)濟布局和國土空間支撐體系。

A strategic approach to coordinated regional development will guide major initiatives to strengthen coordination at the regional level, rationalize land use planning through functional zoning, and improve institutional support for an integrated regional economic structure conducive to coordinated development with a focus on quality improvement.

第三十章 優(yōu)化國土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護格局

Chapter 30 Land Use Planning and Environmental Protection

立足資源環(huán)境承載能力,發(fā)揮各地區比較優(yōu)勢,促進(jìn)各類(lèi)要素合理流動(dòng)和高效集聚,推動(dòng)形成主體功能明顯、優(yōu)勢互補、高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的國土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護新格局。

Land use planning will be based on the carrying capacity of a particular environment in question, the comparative advantages of various regions, and the need for environmental protection, in a way that promotes rational flows and efficient concentration of production factors, conducive to creating synergy by leveraging complementary strengths while enhancing distinctive main functions of each area. The goal of land use planning is to promote development with quality improvement top of mind. 

第一節 完善和落實(shí)主體功能區制度

I. Functional zoning 

順應空間結構變化趨勢,優(yōu)化重大基礎設施、重大生產(chǎn)力和公共資源布局,分類(lèi)提高城市化地區發(fā)展水平,推動(dòng)農業(yè)生產(chǎn)向糧食生產(chǎn)功能區、重要農產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護區和特色農產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢區集聚,優(yōu)化生態(tài)安全屏障體系,逐步形成城市化地區、農產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區、生態(tài)功能區三大空間格局。細化主體功能區劃分,按照主體功能定位劃分政策單元,對重點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)地區、生態(tài)脆弱地區、能源資源富集地區等制定差異化政策,分類(lèi)精準施策。加強空間發(fā)展統籌協(xié)調,保障國家重大發(fā)展戰略落地實(shí)施。

In line with the changing trend of the spatial structure, we will optimize the layout of major infrastructure, major productive forces, and public resources, improve the development of urbanized areas by category, promote the agglomeration of agricultural production to functional zones for grain production, protected areas for the production of major agricultural products, and advantageous areas of featured agricultural products, and optimize the system of defense for ecological security, to gradually form a spatial pattern consisting of three major areas—urbanized zones, main agricultural production zones, and ecosystem service zones. We will classify policies into units according to different functional orientations, and introduce differentiated policies for key development areas, ecologically fragile areas, and areas rich in energy resources, so as to adopt targeted policies for different areas. We will strengthen the overall planning and coordination of space development and ensure the implementation of national major development strategies.

第二節 開(kāi)拓高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要動(dòng)力源

II. Key drivers of quality-oriented development

以中心城市和城市群等經(jīng)濟發(fā)展優(yōu)勢區域為重點(diǎn),增強經(jīng)濟和人口承載能力,帶動(dòng)全國經(jīng)濟效率整體提升。以京津冀、長(cháng)三角、粵港澳大灣區為重點(diǎn),提升創(chuàng )新策源能力和全球資源配置能力,加快打造引領(lǐng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的第一梯隊。在中西部有條件的地區,以中心城市為引領(lǐng),提升城市群功能,加快工業(yè)化城鎮化進(jìn)程,形成高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要區域。破除資源流動(dòng)障礙,優(yōu)化行政區劃設置,提高中心城市綜合承載能力和資源優(yōu)化配置能力,強化對區域發(fā)展的輻射帶動(dòng)作用。

Focusing on areas that possess economic development advantages, such as central cities and city clusters, we will enhance the economic and population carrying capacity and drive the overall improvement of national economic efficiency. With the focus laid on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, we will enhance the capacity of driving innovation and allocating resources at a global level, and move faster to build the top echelon to lead high-quality development. In the central and western regions, where conditions permit, we will improve the functions of city clusters, accelerate industrialization and urbanization, and build key areas for high-quality development, with the central cities as the driving force. We will remove the obstacles of resource flow, improve administrative divisions, and enhance the comprehensive carrying capacity and the ability of optimal resource allocation of central cities so as to give better play to their roles in driving regional development.

第三節 提升重要功能性區域的保障能力

III. Key functional zones: capacity upgrading

以農產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區、重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區、能源資源富集地區和邊境地區等承擔戰略功能的區域為支撐,切實(shí)維護國家糧食安全、生態(tài)安全、能源安全和邊疆安全,與動(dòng)力源地區共同打造高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的動(dòng)力系統。支持農產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區增強農業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力,支持生態(tài)功能區把發(fā)展重點(diǎn)放到保護生態(tài)環(huán)境、提供生態(tài)產(chǎn)品上,支持生態(tài)功能區人口逐步有序向城市化地區轉移并定居落戶(hù)。優(yōu)化能源開(kāi)發(fā)布局和運輸格局,加強能源資源綜合開(kāi)發(fā)利用基地建設,提升國內能源供給保障水平。增強邊疆地區發(fā)展能力,強化人口和經(jīng)濟支撐,促進(jìn)民族團結和邊疆穩定。健全公共資源配置機制,對重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區、農產(chǎn)品主產(chǎn)區、邊境地區等提供有效轉移支付。

Supported by zones that are undertaking strategic functions, such as the main agricultural production zones, key ecosystem service zones, areas rich in energy resources, and border areas, we will safeguard the national food security, ecological security, energy security, and border security, and work together with areas with impetus for growth to build a power engine driving high-quality development. We will support main agricultural production zones to enhance their agricultural production capacity, eco-functional zones to lay their focus on protecting the ecological environment and providing ecological products, and the population in the eco-functional zones to relocate and settle in urbanized areas in a gradual and orderly manner. We will improve the energy development and transportation layout, strengthen the construction of bases for comprehensive development and utilization of energy resources, and improve domestic energy supply support. We will strengthen the development capacity of border areas, offer them more support in terms of population and economy, and promote national unity and border stability in these areas. We will improve the public resource allocation mechanism and provide effective transfer payments for key eco-functional zones, major agricultural production zones, and border areas.

第三十一章 深入實(shí)施區域重大戰略

Chapter 31 Major Regional Development Strategies

聚焦實(shí)現戰略目標和提升引領(lǐng)帶動(dòng)能力,推動(dòng)區域重大戰略取得新的突破性進(jìn)展,促進(jìn)區域間融合互動(dòng)、融通補充。

Major regional development strategies focus on strategic objectives that are likely to have spillover effects and will spur action or drive growth in neighboring areas or in related fields. These strategies promote regional integration, interaction, connectivity, and complementarity.

第一節 加快推動(dòng)京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展

I. Coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

緊抓疏解北京非首都功能“牛鼻子”,構建功能疏解政策體系,實(shí)施一批標志性疏解項目。高標準高質(zhì)量建設雄安新區,加快啟動(dòng)區和起步區建設,推動(dòng)管理體制創(chuàng )新。高質(zhì)量建設北京城市副中心,促進(jìn)與河北省三河、香河、大廠(chǎng)三縣市一體化發(fā)展。推動(dòng)天津濱海新區高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,支持張家口首都水源涵養功能區和生態(tài)環(huán)境支撐區建設。提高北京科技創(chuàng )新中心基礎研究和原始創(chuàng )新能力,發(fā)揮中關(guān)村國家自主創(chuàng )新示范區先行先試作用,推動(dòng)京津冀產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈與創(chuàng )新鏈深度融合?；窘ǔ绍壍郎系木┙蚣?提高機場(chǎng)群港口群協(xié)同水平。深化大氣污染聯(lián)防聯(lián)控聯(lián)治,強化華北地下水超采及地面沉降綜合治理。

We will prioritize relieving Beijing of functions that are non-essential to its role as the capital city, structure a corresponding policy system, and implement several landmark projects to relieve the city of such non-essential functions. We will ensure Xiong’an New Area is developed up to the highest standards, accelerate the construction of the Pilot Area and the Initial Development Zone, and promote innovation of the management system. We will ensure high-quality development of Beijing Municipality’s administrative center in Tongzhou and promote integrated development of Tongzhou with Sanhe, Xianghe, and Dachang in Hebei Province. We will promote the high-quality development of Tianjin Binhai New Area and support the development in Zhangjiakou of the water conservation functional zone and the ecological buffer zone for the capital. We will improve the basic research and original innovation capacity of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Center, give full play to the role of Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone in piloting and testing new initiatives, and promote the in-depth integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. We will ensure the basic completion of the highly connected rail transit in the region and improve the coordination among airport and port clusters. We will enhance the joint efforts for prevention, control, and treatment of air pollution, and strengthen the comprehensive treatment of groundwater overexploitation and land subsidence in North China.

圖4 京津冀地區軌道交通規劃圖

Figure 4 Map of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region rail transit plan

第二節 全面推動(dòng)長(cháng)江經(jīng)濟帶發(fā)展

II. The Yangtze River Economic Belt

堅持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展和共抓大保護、不搞大開(kāi)發(fā),協(xié)同推動(dòng)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,打造人與自然和諧共生的美麗中國樣板。持續推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境突出問(wèn)題整改,推動(dòng)長(cháng)江全流域按單元精細化分區管控,實(shí)施城鎮污水垃圾處理、工業(yè)污染治理、農業(yè)面源污染治理、船舶污染治理、尾礦庫污染治理等工程。深入開(kāi)展綠色發(fā)展示范,推進(jìn)赤水河流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。實(shí)施長(cháng)江十年禁漁。圍繞建設長(cháng)江大動(dòng)脈,整體設計綜合交通運輸體系,疏解三峽樞紐瓶頸制約,加快沿江高鐵和貨運鐵路建設。發(fā)揮產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同聯(lián)動(dòng)整體優(yōu)勢,構建綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。保護好長(cháng)江文物和文化遺產(chǎn)。

We will consistently prioritize ecological conservation, boost green development, ensure well-coordinated environmental protection, prevent overdevelopment, and adopt a holistic approach to pursue both ecological and environmental protection and economic development, to create a model of Beautiful China where humanity and nature harmoniously co-exist. We will continue to promote the rectification of prominent problems in the ecological environment, promote meticulous region-specific management and control of the Yangtze River Basin and implement projects for urban sewage and garbage treatment, industrial pollution control, agricultural non-point source pollution control, ship pollution control, tailing pond pollution control, etc. We will carry out demonstrative projects for green development and promote ecological conservation and environmental protection in Chishui River Basin. We will enforce a 10-year fishing ban in the waters of the Yangtze River. Focusing on the construction of the Yangtze River artery, we will design a comprehensive transportation system to ease the bottleneck of the Three Gorges Project and accelerate the construction of high-speed railway and freight railway along the Yangtze River. We will give full play to the overall advantages of industrial coordination and connectivity to build a green industrial system, and make every effort to protect the cultural relics and heritage of the Yangtze River.

第三節 積極穩妥推進(jìn)粵港澳大灣區建設

III. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

加強粵港澳產(chǎn)學(xué)研協(xié)同發(fā)展,完善廣深港、廣珠澳科技創(chuàng )新走廊和深港河套、粵澳橫琴科技創(chuàng )新極點(diǎn)“兩廊兩點(diǎn)”架構體系,推進(jìn)綜合性國家科學(xué)中心建設,便利創(chuàng )新要素跨境流動(dòng)。加快城際鐵路建設,統籌港口和機場(chǎng)功能布局,優(yōu)化航運和航空資源配置。深化通關(guān)模式改革,促進(jìn)人員、貨物、車(chē)輛便捷高效流動(dòng)。擴大內地與港澳專(zhuān)業(yè)資格互認范圍,深入推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域規則銜接、機制對接。便利港澳青年到大灣區內地城市就學(xué)就業(yè)創(chuàng )業(yè),打造粵港澳青少年交流精品品牌。

We will strengthen collaborative development among enterprises, universities, and research institutions in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, improve the framework system consisting of “two corridors” (Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong and Guangzhou-Zhuhai-Macao) and “two pivots” (Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone in Hetao and Guangdong-Macao Cooperation Area in Hengqin) for science and technology innovation, to promote the development of comprehensive national science centers and facilitate the cross-border flow of innovation factors. We will accelerate the construction of intercity railways, coordinate the functional layout of ports and airports, and optimize the allocation of shipping and aviation resources. We will deepen the reform of customs clearance models, and promote the convenient and efficient flow of personnel, goods, and vehicles. We will expand the scope of professional qualifications of mutual recognition between the Mainland and Hong Kong and Macao, and further promote the convergence of rules and mechanisms in key areas. We will facilitate the youth from Hong Kong and Macao to study, work, and start business in Mainland cities of the Greater Bay Area (GBA), and create top-notch youth exchange brands among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao.

圖5 粵港澳大灣軌道交通規劃圖

Figure 5. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area rail transit plan map

第四節 提升長(cháng)三角一體化發(fā)展水平

IV. Integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta

瞄準國際先進(jìn)科創(chuàng )能力和產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,加快建設長(cháng)三角G60科創(chuàng )走廊和沿滬寧產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng )新帶,提高長(cháng)三角地區配置全球資源能力和輻射帶動(dòng)全國發(fā)展能力。加快基礎設施互聯(lián)互通,實(shí)現長(cháng)三角地級及以上城市高鐵全覆蓋,推進(jìn)港口群一體化治理。打造虹橋國際開(kāi)放樞紐,強化上海自貿試驗區臨港新片區開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟集聚功能,深化滬蘇浙皖自貿試驗區聯(lián)動(dòng)發(fā)展。加快公共服務(wù)便利共享,優(yōu)化優(yōu)質(zhì)教育和醫療衛生資源布局。推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境共保聯(lián)治,高水平建設長(cháng)三角生態(tài)綠色一體化發(fā)展示范區。

With the aim to build internationally advanced scientific and technological innovation capacity and an industrial system, we will accelerate the development of the G60 Science and Technology Innovation Corridor and the industrial innovation belt along Shanghai and Nanjing in the Yangtze River Delta, to improve the Yangtze River Delta’s capacity of allocating global resources and driving national development. We will accelerate infrastructure interconnection, achieve full coverage of high-speed rail in the cities at the prefecture level and above in the Yangtze River Delta and promote the integrated governance of port clusters. We will develop the Hongqiao International Airport as an opening hub, strengthen the role of Lingang New Area of the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) in intensive development of an open economy, and deepen the joint development of the pilot FTZs in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui. We will accelerate the sharing of public services and optimize the distribution of high-quality education and healthcare resources. We will promote the joint protection and governance of the ecological environment and build a high-level demonstration zone for integrated ecological and green development in the Yangtze River Delta.

圖6 長(cháng)三角地區軌道交通規劃圖

Figure 6. Yangtze River Delta rail transit plan map

第五節 扎實(shí)推進(jìn)黃河流域生態(tài)保護和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

V. Ecological protection and quality-oriented development in the Yellow River Basin

加大上游重點(diǎn)生態(tài)系統保護和修復力度,筑牢三江源“中華水塔”,提升甘南、若爾蓋等區域水源涵養能力。創(chuàng )新中游黃土高原水土流失治理模式,積極開(kāi)展小流域綜合治理、旱作梯田和淤地壩建設。推動(dòng)下游二級懸河治理和灘區綜合治理,加強黃河三角洲濕地保護和修復。開(kāi)展汾渭平原、河套灌區等農業(yè)面源污染治理,清理整頓黃河岸線(xiàn)內工業(yè)企業(yè),加強沿黃河城鎮污水處理設施及配套管網(wǎng)建設。實(shí)施深度節水控水行動(dòng),降低水資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用強度。合理控制煤炭開(kāi)發(fā)強度,推進(jìn)能源資源一體化開(kāi)發(fā)利用,加強礦山生態(tài)修復。優(yōu)化中心城市和城市群發(fā)展格局,統籌沿黃河縣城和鄉村建設。實(shí)施黃河文化遺產(chǎn)系統保護工程,打造具有國際影響力的黃河文化旅游帶。建設黃河流域生態(tài)保護和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展先行區。

We will intensify the protection and restoration of key ecosystems in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, take appropriate steps to protect Sanjiangyuan (Source of Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang rivers) as “China’s Water Tower”, and enhance the water conservation capacity of Gannan, Ruoergai (Zoige), and other areas. We will seek new methods for addressing soil erosion in the middle reaches of the river in the Loess Plateau, and actively carry out comprehensive management of small watersheds, and construction of dry land terraces and silt dams. In the lower reaches, we will advance efforts to comprehensively address secondary suspended rivers and floodplains, and strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta. We will tackle agricultural pollution from non-point sources in the Fen-Wei Plains and Hetao Irrigation Area, check up and rectify industrial enterprises along the Yellow River shoreline, and strengthen the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks along the Yellow River. We will implement intensive water conservation and control initiatives to reduce the intensity of water resource development and utilization, rationally control the intensity of coal development, and promote integrated development and utilization of energy resources and the ecological restoration of mines. We will improve the development pattern of central cities and city clusters, and coordinate the development of counties and villages along the Yellow River. We will also implement systematic conservation projects related to the Yellow River cultural heritage, create an internationally influential Yellow River cultural tourism belt, and build a pilot area for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.

第三十二章 深入實(shí)施區域協(xié)調發(fā)展戰略

Chapter 32 Coordinated Regional Development Strategies

深入推進(jìn)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)、東北全面振興、中部地區崛起、東部率先發(fā)展,支持特殊類(lèi)型地區加快發(fā)展,在發(fā)展中促進(jìn)相對平衡。

The focus of coordinated regional development is on relative balance and coordination. Development efforts in the western region will be in full swing. Revitalization of the northeast remains an ongoing process. The central region is expected to witness a new takeoff. The eastern region will lead the charge. Development support will be provided to areas with special features. 

第一節 推進(jìn)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)形成新格局

I. A new stage of development in the western region

強化舉措推進(jìn)西部大開(kāi)發(fā),切實(shí)提高政策精準性和有效性。深入實(shí)施一批重大生態(tài)工程,開(kāi)展重點(diǎn)區域綜合治理。積極融入“一帶一路”建設,強化開(kāi)放大通道建設,構建內陸多層次開(kāi)放平臺。加大西部地區基礎設施投入,支持發(fā)展特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè),集中力量鞏固脫貧攻堅成果,補齊教育、醫療衛生等民生領(lǐng)域短板。推進(jìn)成渝地區雙城經(jīng)濟圈建設,打造具有全國影響力的重要經(jīng)濟中心、科技創(chuàng )新中心、改革開(kāi)放新高地、高品質(zhì)生活宜居地,提升關(guān)中平原城市群建設水平,促進(jìn)西北地區與西南地區合作互動(dòng)。支持新疆建設國家“三基地一通道”,支持西藏打造面向南亞開(kāi)放的重要通道。促進(jìn)400毫米降水線(xiàn)西側區域保護發(fā)展。

We will intensify efforts and implement more targeted and effective policies to promote large-scale development in the western region. We will implement several major ecological projects in key areas, actively integrate the regional development into the pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative, strengthen the development of the large opening-up corridors, and build multi-level platforms for opening up interior areas. We will increase investment in infrastructure construction in the western region, support the development of competitive industries that take advantage of local strengths, pool efforts to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, and shore up the weaknesses in the fields of education, health care, and people’s livelihood. We will promote the development of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and make it an economic center, a center for science and technology innovation, a new highland of reform and opening-up, and a livable place for high-quality life of national influence. We will upgrade the city clusters in the Central Shaanxi Plain to promote cooperation and interaction between the northwest and southwest regions. We will support Xinjiang in building “three bases and one corridor” (national bases for large-scale oil and gas production and storage, for coal production, thermal power generation and coal chemical industry, and for wind power generation, as well as the national energy and resources corridor) and we will support Tibet in building an important corridor that opens to South Asia. We will promote the protection and development of the areas west of the 400 mm precipitation line.

第二節 推動(dòng)東北振興取得新突破

II. Revitalization of northeast China

從維護國家國防、糧食、生態(tài)、能源、產(chǎn)業(yè)安全的戰略高度,加強政策統籌,實(shí)現重點(diǎn)突破。加快轉變政府職能,深化國有企業(yè)改革攻堅,著(zhù)力優(yōu)化營(yíng)商環(huán)境,大力發(fā)展民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟。打造遼寧沿海經(jīng)濟帶,建設長(cháng)吉圖開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放先導區,提升哈爾濱對俄合作開(kāi)放能級。加快發(fā)展現代農業(yè),打造保障國家糧食安全的“壓艙石”。加大生態(tài)資源保護力度,筑牢祖國北疆生態(tài)安全屏障。改造提升裝備制造等傳統優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè),培育發(fā)展新興產(chǎn)業(yè),大力發(fā)展寒地冰雪、生態(tài)旅游等特色產(chǎn)業(yè),打造具有國際影響力的冰雪旅游帶,形成新的均衡發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)結構和競爭優(yōu)勢。實(shí)施更具吸引力的人才集聚措施。深化與東部地區對口合作。

From the strategic perspective of safeguarding national defense, food, ecology, energy, and industrial security, we will strengthen efforts to coordinate policies to achieve breakthroughs in prioritized areas. We will quicken our pace in shifting government functions, deepen reform of state-owned enterprises, step up efforts to improve the business environment, and vigorously develop the private economy. We will build Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt and Changchun-Jilin-Tumen Development and Opening-up Pilot Zone and improve Harbin’s cooperation with and opening-up to Russia. We will accelerate the development of modern agriculture and make it a “ballast” to ensure national food security. We will intensify the protection of ecological resources and build a strong ecological security shield in northern China. We will transform and upgrade traditionally competitive industries such as equipment manufacturing, foster and develop emerging industries, vigorously develop characteristic industries including ice and snow and eco-tourism in cold regions, and build an internationally influential ice and snow tourism belt, so as to develop a new industrial structure for balanced development and competitive advantages. We will implement measures more attractive to talents, and deepen paired cooperation with the eastern region.

第三節 開(kāi)創(chuàng )中部地區崛起新局面

III. The rise of the central region

著(zhù)力打造重要先進(jìn)制造業(yè)基地、提高關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域自主創(chuàng )新能力、建設內陸地區開(kāi)放高地、鞏固生態(tài)綠色發(fā)展格局,推動(dòng)中部地區加快崛起。做大做強先進(jìn)制造業(yè),在長(cháng)江、京廣、隴海、京九等沿線(xiàn)建設一批中高端產(chǎn)業(yè)集群,積極承接新興產(chǎn)業(yè)布局和轉移。推動(dòng)長(cháng)江中游城市群協(xié)同發(fā)展,加快武漢、長(cháng)株潭都市圈建設,打造全國重要增長(cháng)極。夯實(shí)糧食生產(chǎn)基礎,不斷提高農業(yè)綜合效益和競爭力,加快發(fā)展現代農業(yè)。加強生態(tài)環(huán)境共保聯(lián)治,著(zhù)力構筑生態(tài)安全屏障。支持淮河、漢江生態(tài)經(jīng)濟帶上下游合作聯(lián)動(dòng)發(fā)展。加快對外開(kāi)放通道建設,高標準高水平建設內陸地區開(kāi)放平臺。提升公共服務(wù)保障特別是應對公共衛生等重大突發(fā)事件能力。

We will step up efforts to build important and advanced manufacturing bases, improve the ability of independent innovation in key areas, build a highland for opening-up of interior areas, consolidate the ecological and green development model, and promote the rapid growth of central China. We will strive for bigger and stronger advanced manufacturing, build mid-to-high-end industrial clusters along the Yangtze River and along the Beijing-Guangzhou, Lanzhou-Lianyungang, and Beijing-Kowloon railway lines, and actively undertake the deployment and transfer of emerging industries. We will promote the coordinated development of city clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, accelerate the development of Wuhan and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan areas, and make them important growth poles in China. We will build up the foundation for grain production, keep up efforts to improve the comprehensive benefits and competitiveness of agriculture, and accelerate the development of modern agriculture. We will enhance joint protection and governance of the ecosystem and environment and strive to build protective barriers for eco-security. We will support the inter-connected development of the upper and lower reaches of the Huaihe River and Hanjiang River ecological economic belts, accelerate the construction of corridors for opening-up, and build high-level platforms for opening up interior areas. We will improve public service support, and especially the ability to respond to public health and other major emergencies.

第四節 鼓勵東部地區加快推進(jìn)現代化

IV. Accelerated pace of modernization in the eastern region

發(fā)揮創(chuàng )新要素集聚優(yōu)勢,加快在創(chuàng )新引領(lǐng)上實(shí)現突破,推動(dòng)東部地區率先實(shí)現高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。加快培育世界級先進(jìn)制造業(yè)集群,引領(lǐng)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和現代服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展,提升要素產(chǎn)出效率,率先實(shí)現產(chǎn)業(yè)升級。更高層次參與國際經(jīng)濟合作和競爭,打造對外開(kāi)放新優(yōu)勢,率先建立全方位開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟體系。支持深圳建設中國特色社會(huì )主義先行示范區、浦東打造社會(huì )主義現代化建設引領(lǐng)區、浙江高質(zhì)量發(fā)展建設共同富裕示范區。深入推進(jìn)山東新舊動(dòng)能轉換綜合試驗區建設。

We will give full play to the advantages of the eastern region in bringing together innovative factors, help the region to make faster breakthroughs in innovation, and push the region to take the lead in achieving high-quality development. We will move faster to foster world-class advanced manufacturing clusters, spearhead the development of emerging industries and modern service sectors, improve the output efficiency of production factors, and take the lead in upgrading industries. We will ensure the region can participate in international economic cooperation and competition at a higher level, create new advantages in opening-up, and take the lead in establishing a system for an all-round open economy. We will support Shenzhen to build a leading demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Pudong to build a leading zone of socialist modernization, and Zhejiang to build a demonstration zone of common prosperity and high-quality development. We will further promote the development of the comprehensive pilot zone to replace the old growth drivers in Shandong Province.

第五節 支持特殊類(lèi)型地區發(fā)展

V. Support for development in areas with special features

統籌推進(jìn)革命老區振興,因地制宜發(fā)展特色產(chǎn)業(yè),傳承弘揚紅色文化,支持贛閩粵原中央蘇區高質(zhì)量發(fā)展示范,推進(jìn)陜甘寧、大別山、左右江、川陜、沂蒙等革命老區綠色創(chuàng )新發(fā)展。推進(jìn)生態(tài)退化地區綜合治理和生態(tài)脆弱地區保護修復,支持畢節試驗區建設。推動(dòng)資源型地區可持續發(fā)展示范區和轉型創(chuàng )新試驗區建設,實(shí)施采煤沉陷區綜合治理和獨立工礦區改造提升工程。推進(jìn)老工業(yè)基地制造業(yè)競爭優(yōu)勢重構,建設產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級示范區。改善國有林場(chǎng)林區基礎設施。多措并舉解決高海拔地區群眾生產(chǎn)生活困難。推進(jìn)興邊富民、穩邊固邊,大力改善邊境地區生產(chǎn)生活條件,完善沿邊城鎮體系,支持邊境口岸建設,加快抵邊村鎮和抵邊通道建設。推動(dòng)邊境貿易創(chuàng )新發(fā)展。加大對重點(diǎn)邊境地區發(fā)展精準支持力度。

We will coordinate and promote the revitalization of the old revolutionary base areas, develop characteristic industries according to local conditions, inherit and carry forward the “red” culture, support the demonstration of high-quality development in the former Central Soviet Area of Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, and promote the green innovation and development of the old revolutionary base areas of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Dabie Mountains, Zuoyoujiang, Sichuan-Shaanxi, Yimeng, etc. We will comprehensively address ecologically degraded areas, protect and restore ecologically fragile areas, and support the development of the Bijie pilot area. We will promote the development of demonstration areas for sustainable development and pilot zones for transformation and innovation in resource-based areas, comprehensively address subsidence in coal mining areas, and implement projects to upgrade independent industrial and mining areas. We will reshape the competitive advantages of manufacturing in the old industrial bases and build demonstration areas for industrial transformation and upgrade. We will improve the infrastructure of state-owned forest farms and forest regions and implement multiple measures to solve production and living difficulties faced by the people living in high altitude areas. We will vigorously boost development in border areas, improve the living standards and maintain stability and security in the region; to this end, we will improve the conditions for production and living in border areas and the urban system along the borders, support the construction of border ports, and accelerate the construction of villages and towns on the border and roads leading to border areas. We will promote innovative development of the border trade and increase targeted support for the development of key border areas.

第六節 健全區域協(xié)調發(fā)展體制機制

VI. Coordinated regional development

建立健全區域戰略統籌、市場(chǎng)一體化發(fā)展、區域合作互助、區際利益補償等機制,更好促進(jìn)發(fā)達地區和欠發(fā)達地區、東中西部和東北地區共同發(fā)展。提升區域合作層次和水平,支持省際交界地區探索建立統一規劃、統一管理、合作共建、利益共享的合作新機制。完善財政轉移支付支持欠發(fā)達地區的機制,逐步實(shí)現基本公共服務(wù)均等化,引導人才向西部和艱苦邊遠地區流動(dòng)。完善區域合作與利益調節機制,支持流域上下游、糧食主產(chǎn)區主銷(xiāo)區、資源輸出地輸入地之間開(kāi)展多種形式的利益補償,鼓勵探索共建園區、飛地經(jīng)濟等利益共享模式。聚焦鑄牢中華民族共同體意識,加大對民族地區發(fā)展支持力度,全面深入持久開(kāi)展民族團結進(jìn)步宣傳教育和創(chuàng )建,促進(jìn)各民族交往交流交融。

We will establish and improve mechanisms for regional strategic planning, market-based integrated development, regional cooperation and mutual assistance, and interregional interest compensation, to better boost the common growth of developed and underdeveloped regions, eastern, central, and western regions, and the northeast of the country. We will raise the level and standards of regional cooperation, and support the provincial border areas to establish new cooperation mechanisms characterized by unified planning and management, co-construction, and benefit sharing. We will improve the mechanism of financial transfer payments to support underdeveloped areas, gradually realize equal access to basic public services, and guide talent flow to the western regions and the border and remote areas facing hardships. We will improve the regional cooperation and benefit adjustment mechanism, support various forms of benefit compensation between the upper and lower reaches of the river basins, the main grain producing and marketing areas, and the resource exporting and importing areas, and encourage the exploration of benefit sharing models via co-construction parks and enclave economy. We will foster a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, increase support for the development of areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, and carry out comprehensive, in-depth, and sustained publicity and education on ethnic unity and progress, to promote exchanges and interaction among all ethnic groups.

第三十三章 積極拓展海洋經(jīng)濟發(fā)展空間

Chapter 33 Development of the Marine Economy 

堅持陸海統籌、人海和諧、合作共贏(yíng),協(xié)同推進(jìn)海洋生態(tài)保護、海洋經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和海洋權益維護,加快建設海洋強國。

Coordinated development is the key. Coordination is required for activities on land and at sea to protect the health and integrity of marine ecosystems and the harmony between people and the sea while developing the marine economy. International cooperation is important in the search for win-win solutions. We will not falter in our efforts to protect our maritime rights and interests, and to build China into a strong maritime country.

第一節 建設現代海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)體系

I. Development of marine industries

圍繞海洋工程、海洋資源、海洋環(huán)境等領(lǐng)域突破一批關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)。培育壯大海洋工程裝備、海洋生物醫藥產(chǎn)業(yè),推進(jìn)海水淡化和海洋能規?；?提高海洋文化旅游開(kāi)發(fā)水平。優(yōu)化近海綠色養殖布局,建設海洋牧場(chǎng),發(fā)展可持續遠洋漁業(yè)。建設一批高質(zhì)量海洋經(jīng)濟發(fā)展示范區和特色化海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)集群,全面提高北部、東部、南部三大海洋經(jīng)濟圈發(fā)展水平。以沿海經(jīng)濟帶為支撐,深化與周邊國家涉海合作。

We will make several breakthroughs in core technologies related to marine engineering, marine resources, and marine environment. We will foster and expand marine engineering equipment and marine biomedical industry, promote seawater desalination and large-scale utilization of marine energy, and enhance the development of marine cultural tourism. We will optimize the distribution of green aquaculture in coastal areas, build marine pastures, and develop sustainable pelagic fisheries. We will build several demonstration zones for high-quality development of marine economy and characteristic marine industrial clusters, and comprehensively boost the development of the three major marine economic circles in the north, east, and south. We will deepen sea-related cooperation with neighboring countries based on coastal economic belts.

第二節 打造可持續海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境

II. Sustainability of marine ecosystems and habitats

探索建立沿海、流域、海域協(xié)同一體的綜合治理體系。嚴格圍填海管控,加強海岸帶綜合管理與濱海濕地保護。拓展入海污染物排放總量控制范圍,保障入海河流斷面水質(zhì)。加快推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)海域綜合治理,構建流域-河口-近岸海域污染防治聯(lián)動(dòng)機制,推進(jìn)美麗海灣保護與建設。防范海上溢油、危險化學(xué)品泄露等重大環(huán)境風(fēng)險,提升應對海洋自然災害和突發(fā)環(huán)境事件能力。完善海岸線(xiàn)保護、海域和無(wú)居民海島有償使用制度,探索海岸建筑退縮線(xiàn)制度和海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度,自然岸線(xiàn)保有率不低于35%。

We will explore the establishment of a coordinated system for comprehensive management that covers coastal areas, river basins, and sea areas. We will impose stricter management and control on sea reclamation, and step up comprehensive management of coastal zones and coastal wetland protection. We will expand the control range of total discharge volume of pollutants into the sea to ensure good water quality of the sections of the rivers flowing into the sea. We will accelerate comprehensive treatment of key sea areas, build a mechanism for coordinated pollution prevention and control of river basins, estuaries, and coastal waters, and promote the protection and construction of beautiful bays. We will guard against major environmental risks such as oil spills and hazardous chemical leakage and improve our ability to cope with maritime natural disasters and environmental emergencies. We will improve the systems for coastline protection and paid use of sea areas and uninhabited islands, and explore the regulation of the retraction line of coastal buildings and compensation for damages to marine ecosystem and environment, to ensure the natural coastline retention rate is no less than 35%.

第三節 深度參與全球海洋治理

III. Participation in global marine governance

積極發(fā)展藍色伙伴關(guān)系,深度參與國際海洋治理機制和相關(guān)規則制定與實(shí)施,推動(dòng)建設公正合理的國際海洋秩序,推動(dòng)構建海洋命運共同體。深化與沿海國家在海洋環(huán)境監測和保護、科學(xué)研究和海上搜救等領(lǐng)域務(wù)實(shí)合作,加強深海戰略性資源和生物多樣性調查評價(jià)。參與北極務(wù)實(shí)合作,建設“冰上絲綢之路”。提高參與南極保護和利用能力。加強形勢研判、風(fēng)險防范和法理斗爭,加強海事司法建設,堅決維護國家海洋權益。有序推進(jìn)海洋基本法立法。

We will actively develop the blue partnership, fully participate in the formulation and implementation of mechanisms and rules for international maritime governance, and promote the building of a just and equitable international maritime order and development of a marine community with a shared future. We will increase practical cooperation with coastal countries in the fields of marine environmental monitoring and protection, scientific research and maritime search and rescue, and intensify the investigation and evaluation of deep-sea strategic resources and biodiversity. We will join in practical cooperation in the Arctic and build the “Silk Road on Ice”. We will enhance our ability to participate in the Antarctic conservation and utilization. We will step up efforts to study and evaluate situations, prevent risks, and handle legal issues, and strengthen maritime judicial system building, to resolutely safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests and promote the formulation of the basic marine law in an orderly manner.

第十篇 發(fā)展社會(huì )主義先進(jìn)文化 提升國家文化軟實(shí)力

Part X Socialist Cultural Development and China’s Soft Power

堅持馬克思主義在意識形態(tài)領(lǐng)域的指導地位,堅定文化自信,堅持以社會(huì )主義核心價(jià)值觀(guān)引領(lǐng)文化建設,圍繞舉旗幟、聚民心、育新人、興文化、展形象的使命任務(wù),促進(jìn)滿(mǎn)足人民文化需求和增強人民精神力量相統一,推進(jìn)社會(huì )主義文化強國建設。

Marxism guides all activities in our ideological space. Reflecting confidence in our culture, cultural development informed by our core socialist values promotes moral ideals, forges cohesion, helps the younger generation grow and thrive, enriches tradition, and shapes our national image. It helps meet the people’s cultural needs and provides emotional support. It is therefore essential to enhance socialist cultural development. 

第三十四章 提高社會(huì )文明程度

Chapter 34 Ethical Behavior

加強社會(huì )主義精神文明建設,培育和踐行社會(huì )主義核心價(jià)值觀(guān),推動(dòng)形成適應新時(shí)代要求的思想觀(guān)念、精神面貌、文明風(fēng)尚、行為規范。

Efforts will be ongoing to promote ethical standards informed by core socialist values in response to the needs in the new era. Character development is especially relevant in this respect to foster a positive ethos, civility, and ethical behavior.

第一節 推動(dòng)理想信念教育常態(tài)化制度化

I. Moral education as a regular activity 

深入開(kāi)展習近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì )主義思想學(xué)習教育,健全用黨的創(chuàng )新理論武裝全黨、教育人民的工作體系。建立健全“不忘初心、牢記使命”的制度和長(cháng)效機制,加強和改進(jìn)思想政治工作,持續開(kāi)展中國特色社會(huì )主義和中國夢(mèng)宣傳教育,加強黨史、新中國史、改革開(kāi)放史、社會(huì )主義發(fā)展史教育,加強愛(ài)國主義、集體主義、社會(huì )主義教育,加強革命文化研究闡釋和宣傳教育,弘揚黨和人民在各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期奮斗中形成的偉大精神。完善弘揚社會(huì )主義核心價(jià)值觀(guān)的法律政策體系,把社會(huì )主義核心價(jià)值觀(guān)要求融入法治建設和社會(huì )治理,體現到國民教育、精神文明創(chuàng )建、文化產(chǎn)品創(chuàng )作生產(chǎn)全過(guò)程。完善青少年理想信念教育齊抓共管機制。

We will strengthen efforts to carry out education in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and improve the work system of arming the whole Party and educating people with the Party’s innovation theory. We will establish and improve the system and long-term mechanism of “remaining true to our original intention and keeping our mission firmly in mind”, strengthen and improve our ideological and political work, continue the publicity and education on socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chinese Dream, intensify education on the history of the Party, the history of new China, the history of reform and opening-up, and the history of socialist development, as well as the education on patriotism, collectivism, and socialism. We will strengthen research, interpretation, publicity, and education on revolutionary heritage and carry forward the great spirit of the Party and the people that was formed during various historical struggles. We will improve the legal and policy system for promoting the socialist core values, incorporate the requirements of the socialist core values into the improvement of the rule of law and social governance, and embody them in the whole process of national education, improvement of public civility, as well as the creation and production of cultural products. We will improve the mechanism for coordination and cooperation in the education of young people on ideals and convictions.

第二節 發(fā)展中國特色哲學(xué)社會(huì )科學(xué)

II. Philosophical studies and social sciences with Chinese characteristics

加強對習近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì )主義思想的整體性系統性研究、出版傳播、宣傳闡釋,推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國化、時(shí)代化、大眾化。深入實(shí)施馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程,推進(jìn)習近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì )主義思想研究中心(院)、中國特色社會(huì )主義理論體系研究中心等建設,建好用好“學(xué)習強國”等學(xué)習平臺。構建中國特色哲學(xué)社會(huì )科學(xué)學(xué)科體系、學(xué)術(shù)體系和話(huà)語(yǔ)體系,深入實(shí)施哲學(xué)社會(huì )科學(xué)創(chuàng )新工程,加強中國特色新型智庫建設。

We will strengthen comprehensive and systematic research, publication, dissemination, publicity, and interpretation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and work to adapt Marxism to China’s conditions, keep it up-to-date, and enhance its popular appeal. We will carry out the Marxist Theory Research and Development Project, build centers (institutions) for the study of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the theories of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, and establish and make good use of learning platforms such as “xuexi.cn”. We will build a discipline system, academic system, and discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, further implement philosophy and social science innovation projects, and step up efforts to build new think tanks with Chinese characteristics.

第三節 傳承弘揚中華優(yōu)秀傳統文化

III. Building on fine traditional Chinese culture

深入實(shí)施中華優(yōu)秀傳統文化傳承發(fā)展工程,強化重要文化和自然遺產(chǎn)、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)系統性保護,推動(dòng)中華優(yōu)秀傳統文化創(chuàng )造性轉化、創(chuàng )新性發(fā)展。加強文物科技創(chuàng )新,實(shí)施中華文明探源和考古中國工程,開(kāi)展中華文化資源普查,加強文物和古籍保護研究利用,推進(jìn)革命文物和紅色遺址保護,完善流失文物追索返還制度。建設長(cháng)城、大運河、長(cháng)征、黃河等國家文化公園,加強世界文化遺產(chǎn)、文物保護單位、考古遺址公園、歷史文化名城名鎮名村保護。健全非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護傳承體系,加強各民族優(yōu)秀傳統手工藝保護和傳承。

We will implement programs to carry on the best of Chinese cultural traditions and heritage, improve the systematic protection of important cultural and natural heritage and intangible cultural heritage, and promote the creative conversion and development of fine traditional Chinese culture. We will strengthen scientific and technological innovation related to cultural relics, implement projects that explore the origin of Chinese civilization and archaeology in China, carry out general surveys of Chinese cultural resources, strengthen the conservation, research, and utilization of cultural relics and ancient books, promote the protection of revolutionary cultural relics and “red” sites, and improve the system of recourse and retrieval of lost cultural relics. We will build national cultural parks themed on the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March, the Yellow River, and so on, and better conserve world cultural heritage, cultural relics protection units, archaeological site parks, as well as China’s renowned historic and cultural cities, towns, and villages. We will improve the system for conservation and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage and better protect and inherit the excellent traditional handicrafts of all ethnic groups.

第四節 持續提升公民文明素養

IV. Ethical values and civility

推進(jìn)公民道德建設,大力開(kāi)展社會(huì )公德、職業(yè)道德、家庭美德、個(gè)人品德建設。開(kāi)展國家勛章、國家榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號獲得者和時(shí)代楷模、道德模范、最美人物、身邊好人的宣傳學(xué)習。實(shí)施文明創(chuàng )建工程,拓展新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐中心建設,科學(xué)規范做好文明城市、文明村鎮、文明單位、文明校園、文明家庭評選表彰,深化未成年人思想道德建設。完善市民公約、鄉規民約、學(xué)生守則、團體章程等社會(huì )規范,建立懲戒失德行為機制。弘揚誠信文化,建設誠信社會(huì )。廣泛開(kāi)展志愿服務(wù)關(guān)愛(ài)行動(dòng)。提倡艱苦奮斗、勤儉節約,開(kāi)展以勞動(dòng)創(chuàng )造幸福為主題的宣傳教育。加強網(wǎng)絡(luò )文明建設,發(fā)展積極健康的網(wǎng)絡(luò )文化。

We will advance civic morality and vigorously promote social morality, professional ethics, family values, and integrity of individuals. We will publicize and learn from the winners of national medals and national honorary titles, models of the times, models of high morality, the most beautiful people, and good people around us. We will implement initiatives to improve public etiquette and ethical standards, build more Chinese cultural centers in the new era, do a good job in the election and commendation of exemplary cities, villages, towns, entities, campuses, and families in a sound and standardized manner, and further raise the intellectual and moral standards of children and the youth. We will improve social norms including civic conventions, village regulations and agreements, student rules and regulations, as well as provisions of organizations, and establish a mechanism for punishing immoral behavior. We will promote the culture of integrity throughout the society; extensively carry out volunteer services campaigns to help those in need; encourage hard work, diligence, and frugality; and carry out publicity and education on the theme of creating happiness through work. We will also improve ethical standards and advance civility in cyberspace and develop a positive and healthy cyberspace culture.

第三十五章 提升公共文化服務(wù)水平

Chapter 35 Public Cultural Services

堅持為人民服務(wù)、為社會(huì )主義服務(wù)的方向,堅持百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針,加強公共文化服務(wù)體系建設和體制機制創(chuàng )新,強化中華文化傳播推廣和文明交流互鑒,更好保障人民文化權益。

Culture should serve the needs of the people and contribute to the socialist cause. Through cultural activities, we “l(fā)et a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend”. Public cultural services and the institutional framework for these services should be strengthened in an innovative manner to better protect the people’s cultural rights and interests, help disseminate Chinese cultural products, and facilitate cultural exchanges.

第一節 加強優(yōu)秀文化作品創(chuàng )作生產(chǎn)傳播

I. Creation, production, and dissemination of quality cultural products

把提高質(zhì)量作為文藝作品的生命線(xiàn),提高文藝原創(chuàng )能力。實(shí)施文藝作品質(zhì)量提升工程,健全重大現實(shí)、重大革命、重大歷史題材創(chuàng )作規劃組織機制,加強農村、少兒等題材創(chuàng )作,不斷推出反映時(shí)代新氣象、謳歌人民新創(chuàng )造的文藝精品。建立健全文化產(chǎn)品創(chuàng )作生產(chǎn)、傳播引導、宣傳推廣的激勵機制和評價(jià)體系,推動(dòng)形成健康清朗的文藝生態(tài)。加強文化隊伍建設,培養造就高水平創(chuàng )作人才和德藝雙馨的名家大師。

We will take quality improvement as the lifeline of literary and artistic works and improve our ability to create original literature and arts. To this end we will carry out projects to improve the quality of literary and artistic works, improve the planning and organization mechanism for the creation of works on major realistic, revolutionary, and historical themes, strengthen the creation of works on rural and children’s themes, and continue to launch high-quality literary and artistic works that reflect the new ethos of the times and eulogize the innovation and creativity of the people. We will establish and improve the incentive mechanism and evaluation system for the conception, production, dissemination, guidance, and promotion of cultural products, and promote the formation of a healthy and clean literary and artistic ecosystem. We will strengthen the building of cultural teams, and train high-level creative talents, and promote eminent figures of moral integrity and outstanding artistic competence.

第二節 完善公共文化服務(wù)體系

II. Public cultural services

優(yōu)化城鄉文化資源配置,推進(jìn)城鄉公共文化服務(wù)體系一體建設。創(chuàng )新實(shí)施文化惠民工程,提升基層綜合性文化服務(wù)中心功能,廣泛開(kāi)展群眾性文化活動(dòng)。推進(jìn)公共圖書(shū)館、文化館、美術(shù)館、博物館等公共文化場(chǎng)館免費開(kāi)放和數字化發(fā)展。推進(jìn)媒體深度融合,做強新型主流媒體。完善應急廣播體系,實(shí)施智慧廣電固邊工程和鄉村工程。發(fā)展檔案事業(yè)。深入推進(jìn)全民閱讀,建設“書(shū)香中國”,推動(dòng)農村電影放映優(yōu)化升級。創(chuàng )新公共文化服務(wù)運行機制,鼓勵社會(huì )力量參與公共文化服務(wù)供給和設施建設運營(yíng)。

We will optimize the allocation of urban and rural cultural resources, and promote integrated development of urban and rural public cultural services. We will launch new public cultural projects, improve the functions of community-level multipurpose cultural service centers, and extensively carry out mass cultural activities. We will promote the free admission and digital development of public libraries, cultural centers, art galleries, museums, and other public cultural venues. We will boost the in-depth integration of media and improve new mainstream media. We will improve the emergency broadcast system and implement projects to enhance the functions of smart radio and television in maintaining social order in the border and rural areas. We will develop archiving systems, further promote nationwide reading to build China into a nation of avid readers, and upgrade film screening facilities in rural areas. We will develop new operation mechanisms for public cultural services and encourage social forces to participate in the supply of public cultural services and the construction and operation of relevant facilities.

第三節 提升中華文化影響力

III. International appeal of Chinese culture

加強對外文化交流和多層次文明對話(huà),創(chuàng )新推進(jìn)國際傳播,利用網(wǎng)上網(wǎng)下,講好中國故事,傳播好中國聲音,促進(jìn)民心相通。開(kāi)展“感知中國”、“走讀中國”、“視聽(tīng)中國”活動(dòng),辦好中國文化年(節)、旅游年(節)。建設中文傳播平臺,構建中國語(yǔ)言文化全球傳播體系和國際中文教育標準體系。

We will strengthen cultural exchanges with foreign countries and multi-level dialogue with global civilizations, innovate and promote international communication to share China’s stories, spread China’s voice, and promote people-to-people connectivity through both online and offline channels. We will carry out activities such as “Reading China”, “Journey around China”, and “See and Hear China”, and make every effort to hold the Chinese Culture Year (Festival) and China Tourism Year (Festival). We will establish platforms for Chinese language communication and develop a global communication system for Chinese language and culture and an international standard system for Chinese language education.

第三十六章 健全現代文化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系

Chapter 36 Cultural Industries 

堅持把社會(huì )效益放在首位、社會(huì )效益和經(jīng)濟效益相統一,健全現代文化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系和市場(chǎng)體系。

Social benefits are always the top consideration. Pursuit of economic returns should be aligned with the delivery of social benefits, a requirement that underpins the development of cultural industries and markets.

第一節 擴大優(yōu)質(zhì)文化產(chǎn)品供給

I. The supply of high-quality cultural products

實(shí)施文化產(chǎn)業(yè)數字化戰略,加快發(fā)展新型文化企業(yè)、文化業(yè)態(tài)、文化消費模式,壯大數字創(chuàng )意、網(wǎng)絡(luò )視聽(tīng)、數字出版、數字娛樂(lè )、線(xiàn)上演播等產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快提升超高清電視節目制播能力,推進(jìn)電視頻道高清化改造,推進(jìn)沉浸式視頻、云轉播等應用。實(shí)施文化品牌戰略,打造一批有影響力、代表性的文化品牌。培育骨干文化企業(yè),規范發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè)園區,推動(dòng)區域文化產(chǎn)業(yè)帶建設。積極發(fā)展對外文化貿易,開(kāi)拓海外文化市場(chǎng),鼓勵優(yōu)秀傳統文化產(chǎn)品和影視劇、游戲等數字文化產(chǎn)品“走出去”,加強國家文化出口基地建設。

We will implement the strategy of digitizing cultural industries, accelerate the development of new types of cultural enterprises, forms of cultural business, and modes of cultural consumption, and strengthen digital creativity, online audio-video, digital publishing, digital entertainment, and online broadcasting industries. We will step up efforts to improve the production and broadcasting capacity of ultra-high-definition TV programs, upgrade TV channels for high-definition broadcasting and promote the application of immersive video and cloud broadcasting. We will implement cultural branding strategies and create influential and representative cultural brands, develop leading cultural enterprises, standardize the development of cultural industrial parks, and promote the construction of regional cultural industrial belts. We will vigorously develop foreign cultural trade, open up overseas cultural markets, encourage excellent traditional cultural products and digital cultural products such as films, TV dramas, and games to “go global”, and strengthen the construction of national cultural export bases.

第二節 推動(dòng)文化和旅游融合發(fā)展

II. Integrated development of culture and tourism

堅持以文塑旅、以旅彰文,打造獨具魅力的中華文化旅游體驗。深入發(fā)展大眾旅游、智慧旅游,創(chuàng )新旅游產(chǎn)品體系,改善旅游消費體驗。加強區域旅游品牌和服務(wù)整合,建設一批富有文化底蘊的世界級旅游景區和度假區,打造一批文化特色鮮明的國家級旅游休閑城市和街區。推進(jìn)紅色旅游、文化遺產(chǎn)旅游、旅游演藝等創(chuàng )新發(fā)展,提升度假休閑、鄉村旅游等服務(wù)品質(zhì),完善郵輪游艇、低空旅游等發(fā)展政策。健全旅游基礎設施和集散體系,推進(jìn)旅游廁所革命,強化智慧景區建設。建立旅游服務(wù)質(zhì)量評價(jià)體系,規范在線(xiàn)旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)。

We will offer a unique Chinese cultural tourism experience by shaping tourism through culture and highlighting culture through tourism. We will further develop mass tourism and smart tourism, innovate tourism products, and offer better tourism consumption experience. We will strengthen the integration of regional tourism brands and services and build world-class tourist attractions and resorts with rich cultural connotations as well as national tourism and leisure cities and blocks with distinctive cultural characteristics. We will promote the innovative development of “red” tourism, cultural heritage tourism, and tourism performance, improve the quality of services for holiday recreation and rural tourism, and adopt better policies for the development of cruises, yachts, and low-altitude tourism. We will improve the tourism infrastructure and distribution system, promote a revolution of public toilets in tourist attractions, and construct smart scenic spots. We will establish a system for evaluating the quality of tourism services, and regulate online tourism business services.

第三節 深化文化體制改革

III. Reforms in the cultural sector

完善文化管理體制和生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)機制,提升文化治理效能。完善國有文化資產(chǎn)管理體制機制,深化公益性文化事業(yè)單位改革,推進(jìn)公共文化機構法人治理結構改革。深化國有文化企業(yè)分類(lèi)改革,推進(jìn)國有文藝院團改革和院線(xiàn)制改革。完善文化市場(chǎng)綜合執法體制,制定未成年人網(wǎng)絡(luò )保護、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò )傳播視聽(tīng)等領(lǐng)域法律法規。

We will improve the cultural management system and the mechanism of cultural production and operation, as well as the efficiency of cultural governance. We will improve the institutions and mechanisms for managing state-owned cultural assets, deepen reforms of cultural institutions for public benefit, and promote the reform of public cultural institutions’ corporate governance structure. We will advance the reform of different types of state-owned cultural enterprises, and promote the reform of state-owned literature and art troupes, as well as cinema reform. We will improve the system of comprehensive law enforcement in cultural markets and formulate laws and regulations for protection of minors when it comes to Internet, online information communication and transmission and other fields.

第十一篇 推動(dòng)綠色發(fā)展 促進(jìn)人與自然和諧共生

Part XI Green Development and Harmonious Co-existence between Humanity and Nature

堅持綠水青山就是金山銀山理念,堅持尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然,堅持節約優(yōu)先、保護優(yōu)先、自然恢復為主,實(shí)施可持續發(fā)展戰略,完善生態(tài)文明領(lǐng)域統籌協(xié)調機制,構建生態(tài)文明體系,推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展全面綠色轉型,建設美麗中國。

We will stay true to the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets by respecting nature, conforming to nature, and protecting nature. We will prioritize conservation, protection, and natural recovery, implement the sustainable development strategy, improve the overall coordination mechanism in the field of ecological civilization, build an ecological civilization system, and promote comprehensive transformation towards green economic and social development to build a beautiful China.

第三十七章 提升生態(tài)系統質(zhì)量和穩定性

Chapter 37 Improving the Ecosystem 

堅持山水林田湖草系統治理,著(zhù)力提高生態(tài)系統自我修復能力和穩定性,守住自然生態(tài)安全邊界,促進(jìn)自然生態(tài)系統質(zhì)量整體改善。

We will continue the systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, and grassland, strive to improve the self-rehabilitation ability and stability of ecosystems, make sure that the red line of ecological security is not crossed, and improve the overall quality of natural ecosystems.

第一節 完善生態(tài)安全屏障體系

I. Improving the eco-security shield system

強化國土空間規劃和用途管控,劃定落實(shí)生態(tài)保護紅線(xiàn)、永久基本農田、城鎮開(kāi)發(fā)邊界以及各類(lèi)海域保護線(xiàn)。以國家重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區、生態(tài)保護紅線(xiàn)、國家級自然保護地等為重點(diǎn),實(shí)施重要生態(tài)系統保護和修復重大工程,加快推進(jìn)青藏高原生態(tài)屏障區、黃河重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區、長(cháng)江重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區和東北森林帶、北方防沙帶、南方丘陵山地帶、海岸帶等生態(tài)屏障建設。加強長(cháng)江、黃河等大江大河和重要湖泊濕地生態(tài)保護治理,加強重要生態(tài)廊道建設和保護。全面加強天然林和濕地保護,濕地保護率提高到55%?？茖W(xué)推進(jìn)水土流失和荒漠化、石漠化綜合治理,開(kāi)展大規模國土綠化行動(dòng),推行林長(cháng)制?？茖W(xué)開(kāi)展人工影響天氣活動(dòng)。推行草原森林河流湖泊休養生息,健全耕地休耕輪作制度,鞏固退耕還林還草、退田還湖還濕、退圍還灘還海成果。

We will strengthen the planning of territorial space and control over its use, draw red lines for ecological protection, boundary lines for permanent basic cropland and land for urban development, and protection lines for all types of sea areas, and ensure that these lines are not crossed. Focusing on the national key ecological areas and red lines for ecological protection, national nature reserves, etc., we will implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, and accelerate the construction of protective barriers for eco-security in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the important ecological areas along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, the northeast forest belts, the sand control belts in the north, the hilly and mountainous areas in the south, and the coastal zones. We will strengthen ecological protection and governance of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and other major rivers, as well as important lakes and wetlands, and put more efforts towards building and protecting important ecological corridors. We will comprehensively strengthen the protection of natural forests and wetlands and increase the wetland protection rate to 55%. We will make solid efforts to comprehensively control soil erosion, desertification, and stony desertification, carry out large-scale land afforestation, and introduce the forest-chief system. We will carry out weather modification initiatives based on science; promote the rehabilitation of grasslands, forests, rivers, and lakes; improve the rotation and fallow system of cultivated land; and consolidate the achievements of converting cropland to forests and grasslands, converting farmland to lakes and wetlands and embankments into part of beaches and seas.

圖7 重要生態(tài)系統保護和修復重大工程布局示意圖

Figure 7. Layout of major ecosystem protection and restoration projects

第二節 構建自然保護地體系

II. The nature reserve system

科學(xué)劃定自然保護地保護范圍及功能分區,加快整合歸并優(yōu)化各類(lèi)保護地,構建以國家公園為主體、自然保護區為基礎、各類(lèi)自然公園為補充的自然保護地體系。嚴格管控自然保護地范圍內非生態(tài)活動(dòng),穩妥推進(jìn)核心區內居民、耕地、礦權有序退出。完善國家公園管理體制和運營(yíng)機制,整合設立一批國家公園。實(shí)施生物多樣性保護重大工程,構筑生物多樣性保護網(wǎng)絡(luò ),加強國家重點(diǎn)保護和珍稀瀕危野生動(dòng)植物及其棲息地的保護修復,加強外來(lái)物種管控。完善生態(tài)保護和修復用地用海等政策。完善自然保護地、生態(tài)保護紅線(xiàn)監管制度,開(kāi)展生態(tài)系統保護成效監測評估。

We will appropriately delimit the scope and functional zones of nature reserves, accelerate their integration and optimization, and build a nature reserve system with national parks as the mainstay, nature reserves as the basis, and nature parks as the supplement. We will strictly control non-ecological activities within nature reserves, and steadily promote the orderly withdrawal of residents, cultivated land, and mining rights from the core areas. We will improve the management institutions and operation mechanisms of national parks and integrate and set up several national parks. We will implement major biodiversity conservation projects, build a biodiversity conservation network, strengthen the protection and restoration of species on the national key list of protected wild plants and animals and rare and endangered wildlife as well as their habitats, and intensify the control of alien species. We will improve policies on land and sea use for ecological protection and restoration as well as the regulatory system of nature reserves and ecological protection red lines, and monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of ecosystem protection.

第三節 健全生態(tài)保護補償機制

III. The mechanism of compensation for ecological conservation

加大重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區、重要水系源頭地區、自然保護地轉移支付力度,鼓勵受益地區和保護地區、流域上下游通過(guò)資金補償、產(chǎn)業(yè)扶持等多種形式開(kāi)展橫向生態(tài)補償。完善市場(chǎng)化多元化生態(tài)補償,鼓勵各類(lèi)社會(huì )資本參與生態(tài)保護修復。完善森林、草原和濕地生態(tài)補償制度。推動(dòng)長(cháng)江、黃河等重要流域建立全流域生態(tài)補償機制。建立生態(tài)產(chǎn)品價(jià)值實(shí)現機制,在長(cháng)江流域和三江源國家公園等開(kāi)展試點(diǎn)。制定實(shí)施生態(tài)保護補償條例。

We will increase transfer payments to key ecological areas, source areas of important rivers, and nature reserves, and encourage horizontal ecological compensation between benefited areas and protected areas, and between the upper and lower reaches of river basins through various forms including financial compensation and business-driven development support. We will improve market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation and encourage all kinds of private capital to participate in ecological conservation and restoration. We will improve the ecological compensation system for forests, grasslands, and wetlands. We will promote the establishment of a basin-wide ecological compensation mechanism along the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and other important rivers. We will establish a mechanism to realize the value of ecological products, carry out pilot projects in the Yangtze River Basin and Sanjiangyuan National Park, and formulate and implement regulations on compensation for ecological conservation.

第三十八章 持續改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量

Chapter 38 Continuous Environmental Improvement

深入打好污染防治攻堅戰,建立健全環(huán)境治理體系,推進(jìn)精準、科學(xué)、依法、系統治污,協(xié)同推進(jìn)減污降碳,不斷改善空氣、水環(huán)境質(zhì)量,有效管控土壤污染風(fēng)險。

We will increase efforts to prevent and control pollution, establish and improve the environmental governance system, promote accurate, scientific, law-based and systematic pollution control, work together to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, consistently improve air and water environment quality, and effectively control soil pollution risk.

第一節 深入開(kāi)展污染防治行動(dòng)

I. Furthering pollution prevention and control

堅持源頭防治、綜合施策,強化多污染物協(xié)同控制和區域協(xié)同治理。加強城市大氣質(zhì)量達標管理,推進(jìn)細顆粒物(PM2.5)和臭氧(O3)協(xié)同控制,地級及以上城市PM2.5濃度下降10%,有效遏制O3濃度增長(cháng)趨勢,基本消除重污染天氣。持續改善京津冀及周邊地區、汾渭平原、長(cháng)三角地區空氣質(zhì)量,因地制宜推動(dòng)北方地區清潔取暖、工業(yè)窯爐治理、非電行業(yè)超低排放改造,加快揮發(fā)性有機物排放綜合整治,氮氧化物和揮發(fā)性有機物排放總量分別下降10%以上。完善水污染防治流域協(xié)同機制,加強重點(diǎn)流域、重點(diǎn)湖泊、城市水體和近岸海域綜合治理,推進(jìn)美麗河湖保護與建設,化學(xué)需氧量和氨氮排放總量分別下降8%,基本消除劣Ⅴ類(lèi)國控斷面和城市黑臭水體。開(kāi)展城市飲用水水源地規范化建設,推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)流域重污染企業(yè)搬遷改造。推進(jìn)受污染耕地和建設用地管控修復,實(shí)施水土環(huán)境風(fēng)險協(xié)同防控。加強塑料污染全鏈條防治。加強環(huán)境噪聲污染治理。重視新污染物治理。

We will continue to prevent and control pollutants at sources, and adopt a comprehensive approach to strengthen coordinated control of multiple pollutants and coordinated treatment among regions. We will improve the management for meeting required air quality standards in urban areas, promote coordinated control of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), reduce the PM2.5 concentration in cities at and above the prefectural level by 10%, effectively curb the increase in O3 concentration, and basically eliminate heavy air pollution. We will continue to improve the air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas, as well as Fen-Wei Plains and Yangtze River Delta; promote clean heating in northern China based on local conditions, promote industrial furnace treatment and transformation of non-electric industries towards ultra-low emission, and accelerate the comprehensive treatment of volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions, with the total emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and VOCs reduced by more than 10%. We will improve the coordination mechanism for water pollution prevention and control in river basins, intensify the comprehensive treatment of key river basins, key lakes, urban water bodies, and offshore areas, promote the protection and construction of beautiful rivers and lakes by reducing the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen emissions by 8%, and basically eliminate substandard Grade V surface water sections controlled at the national level and urban black and malodorous water bodies. We will carry out standardized construction of sources of urban drinking water, and promote the relocation and transformation of heavy pollution enterprises in key river basins. We will promote the control and restoration of contaminated land for farming and for construction, and implement coordinated prevention and control of water and soil environmental risks. We will improve the prevention and control against plastic pollution throughout the chain, better control environmental noise pollution, and at the same time, attach importance to the treatment of new pollutants.

第二節 全面提升環(huán)境基礎設施水平

II. Comprehensive improvement of environmental infrastructure

構建集污水、垃圾、固廢、危廢、醫廢處理處置設施和監測監管能力于一體的環(huán)境基礎設施體系,形成由城市向建制鎮和鄉村延伸覆蓋的環(huán)境基礎設施網(wǎng)絡(luò )。推進(jìn)城鎮污水管網(wǎng)全覆蓋,開(kāi)展污水處理差別化精準提標,推廣污泥集中焚燒無(wú)害化處理,城市污泥無(wú)害化處置率達到90%,地級及以上缺水城市污水資源化利用率超過(guò)25%。建設分類(lèi)投放、分類(lèi)收集、分類(lèi)運輸、分類(lèi)處理的生活垃圾處理系統。以主要產(chǎn)業(yè)基地為重點(diǎn)布局危險廢棄物集中利用處置設施。加快建設地級及以上城市醫療廢棄物集中處理設施,健全縣城醫療廢棄物收集轉運處置體系。

We will build a system of environmental infrastructure that integrates sewage, garbage, solid waste, hazardous waste, and medical waste treatment and disposal facilities and monitoring and supervising capabilities, and form an environmental infrastructure network extending from cities to towns and villages. We will promote complete coverage of the urban sewage pipe network, carry out differential and accurate upgrade of sewage treatment, and promote centralized incineration of sludge for harmless treatment, so that the 90% of urban sludge is harmlessly treated and over 25% of sewage is recycled in water-deficient cities at the prefecture level and above. We will set up a household waste treatment system with separate dumping, collection, transportation, and treatment of different types of waste based on waste sorting. We will deploy facilities for centralized recycling and disposal of hazardous waste with emphasis put on major industrial bases. We will accelerate the construction of centralized treatment facilities for medical waste in cities that are at and above the prefecture level, and improve the system for collection, transportation, and disposal of medical waste in counties.

第三節 嚴密防控環(huán)境風(fēng)險

III. Environmental risk prevention and controls

建立健全重點(diǎn)風(fēng)險源評估預警和應急處置機制。全面整治固體廢物非法堆存,提升危險廢棄物監管和風(fēng)險防范能力。強化重點(diǎn)區域、重點(diǎn)行業(yè)重金屬污染監控預警。健全有毒有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)環(huán)境風(fēng)險管理體制,完成重點(diǎn)地區危險化學(xué)品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)搬遷改造。嚴格核與輻射安全監管,推進(jìn)放射性污染防治。建立生態(tài)環(huán)境突發(fā)事件后評估機制和公眾健康影響評估制度。在高風(fēng)險領(lǐng)域推行環(huán)境污染強制責任保險。

We will establish and improve the mechanism for evaluation and early warning of and emergency response to key risk sources. We will comprehensively rectify illegal stockpiling of solid waste and improve the regulation and risk prevention capabilities for hazardous waste. We will strengthen the monitoring and early warning of heavy metal pollution in key areas and industries. We will improve the system for managing environmental risks from toxic and hazardous chemicals and complete the relocation and transformation of hazardous chemical production enterprises in key areas. We will rigorously supervise nuclear and radiation safety and promote the prevention and control of radioactive pollution. In terms of ecological and environmental emergencies, we will establish a post-event assessment mechanism and a public health impact assessment system. In high-risk sectors, we will promote compulsory environmental pollution liability insurance.

第四節 積極應對氣候變化

V. Coping with climate change

落實(shí)2030年應對氣候變化國家自主貢獻目標,制定2030年前碳排放達峰行動(dòng)方案。完善能源消費總量和強度雙控制度,重點(diǎn)控制化石能源消費。實(shí)施以碳強度控制為主、碳排放總量控制為輔的制度,支持有條件的地方和重點(diǎn)行業(yè)、重點(diǎn)企業(yè)率先達到碳排放峰值。推動(dòng)能源清潔低碳安全高效利用,深入推進(jìn)工業(yè)、建筑、交通等領(lǐng)域低碳轉型。加大甲烷、氫氟碳化物、全氟化碳等其他溫室氣體控制力度。提升生態(tài)系統碳匯能力。錨定努力爭取2060年前實(shí)現碳中和,采取更加有力的政策和措施。加強全球氣候變暖對我國承受力脆弱地區影響的觀(guān)測和評估,提升城鄉建設、農業(yè)生產(chǎn)、基礎設施適應氣候變化能力。加強青藏高原綜合科學(xué)考察研究。堅持公平、共同但有區別的責任及各自能力原則,建設性參與和引領(lǐng)應對氣候變化國際合作,推動(dòng)落實(shí)聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約及其巴黎協(xié)定,積極開(kāi)展氣候變化南南合作。

We will make sustained efforts to achieve the objectives of China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 2030 and formulate an action plan to reach the peak of carbon emissions by 2030. We will improve the double control system of total energy consumption and intensity with a focus put on controlling fossil energy consumption. We will implement a system that focuses on carbon intensity control supplemented by total carbon emission control, and support the key industries and enterprises in the places where conditions permit to take the lead in reaching the peak of carbon emissions. We will promote clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient use of energy, and further promote the transformation of industries, construction, transportation, and other sectors towards low-carbon development. We will increase efforts to control methane, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and other greenhouse gases, increase the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems, and anchor efforts to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 by adopting even more robust policies and measures. We will intensify the observation and assessment of the impact of global warming on vulnerable areas in China, and enhance the capacity of urban and rural construction, agricultural production, and infrastructure, to adapt to climate change. We will exert more efforts on comprehensive scientific research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. On the basis of equity and in accordance with the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities of all countries, we will play a constructive role and lead international cooperation in responding to climate change, promote the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement, and actively carry out South-South cooperation on climate change.

第五節 健全現代環(huán)境治理體系

V. Modern environmental governance system

建立地上地下、陸海統籌的生態(tài)環(huán)境治理制度。全面實(shí)行排污許可制,實(shí)現所有固定污染源排污許可證核發(fā),推動(dòng)工業(yè)污染源限期達標排放,推進(jìn)排污權、用能權、用水權、碳排放權市場(chǎng)化交易。完善環(huán)境保護、節能減排約束性指標管理。完善河湖管理保護機制,強化河長(cháng)制、湖長(cháng)制。加強領(lǐng)導干部自然資源資產(chǎn)離任審計。完善中央生態(tài)環(huán)境保護督察制度。完善省以下生態(tài)環(huán)境機構監測監察執法垂直管理制度,推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護綜合執法改革,完善生態(tài)環(huán)境公益訴訟制度。加大環(huán)保信息公開(kāi)力度,加強企業(yè)環(huán)境治理責任制度建設,完善公眾監督和舉報反饋機制,引導社會(huì )組織和公眾共同參與環(huán)境治理。

We will establish a system for coordinated above-ground and underground ecological and environmental governance on land and at sea. We will implement the emission permit system across the board, ensure that emission permits cover all fixed pollution sources, ensure industrial polluters comply with emission standards within a specified time limit, and facilitate market-based trading of emission rights, energy consumption rights, water use rights, and carbon emission rights. We will improve the management of obligatory targets for environmental protection, energy conservation, and emission reduction, improve the management and protection mechanism of rivers and lakes, and strengthen the river-chief and lake-chief system. We will strengthen audit of natural resource assets at the end of the tenure of leading officials. We will improve the central supervision system for ecological environment protection, as well as the vertical management system for monitoring, supervision, and law enforcement of eco-environmental institutions that are at and below the provincial level, promote the reform of comprehensive law enforcement with respect to eco-environmental protection, and improve the system of eco-environmental public interest litigation. We will increase environmental protection information publicity, step up efforts to build up the environmental governance corporate responsibility system, and improve the mechanisms for public supervision and feedback on complaints, to guide non-governmental organizations and the public to participate in environmental governance. 

(注:PM2.5為PM右下角加2.5,O3為O右下角加3)

(Note: PM2.5 refers to PM2.5 and O3 refers to O3)

第三十九章 加快發(fā)展方式綠色轉型

Chapter 39 Faster Transformation for Green Development

堅持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展,推進(jìn)資源總量管理、科學(xué)配置、全面節約、循環(huán)利用,協(xié)同推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境高水平保護。

We will prioritize the ecology and pursue green development, promote overall resource management, scientific allocation, comprehensive conservation, and recycling, and coordinate efforts to drive high-quality economic development and high-level ecological environment protection.

第一節 全面提高資源利用效率

I. Higher resource utilization efficiency

堅持節能優(yōu)先方針,深化工業(yè)、建筑、交通等領(lǐng)域和公共機構節能,推動(dòng)5G、大數據中心等新興領(lǐng)域能效提升,強化重點(diǎn)用能單位節能管理,實(shí)施能量系統優(yōu)化、節能技術(shù)改造等重點(diǎn)工程,加快能耗限額、產(chǎn)品設備能效強制性國家標準制修訂。實(shí)施國家節水行動(dòng),建立水資源剛性約束制度,強化農業(yè)節水增效、工業(yè)節水減排和城鎮節水降損,鼓勵再生水利用,單位GDP用水量下降16%左右。加強土地節約集約利用,加大批而未供和閑置土地處置力度,盤(pán)活城鎮低效用地,支持工礦廢棄土地恢復利用,完善土地復合利用、立體開(kāi)發(fā)支持政策,新增建設用地規?？刂圃?950萬(wàn)畝以?xún)?推動(dòng)單位GDP建設用地使用面積穩步下降。提高礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)發(fā)保護水平,發(fā)展綠色礦業(yè),建設綠色礦山。

We will prioritize and pursue the policy of energy conservation to improve energy conservation in industry, construction, transportation, and public institutions; raise energy use efficiency in emerging fields such as 5G and big data centers; strengthen energy-saving management of key energy users; implement energy system optimization and energy-saving technology transformation and other key projects; and accelerate the formulation and revision of mandatory national standards for energy consumption quota and energy efficiency of products and equipment. By implementing a national water-saving initiative, establishing a rigid constraint system for water resources, strengthening agricultural water conservation for greater use efficiency, industrial water conservation, emission reduction, urban water conservation, and loss reduction, and encouraging the use of recycled water, we will reduce water consumption per unit of GDP by about 16%. We will pursue more economical and intensive use of land, increase efforts to handle the unused and idle land, put inefficiently used land in cities and towns to good use, support the recovery and utilization of abandoned industrial and mining land, improve the policies to support composite use and multi-dimensional development of land, and control the increase of land designated for construction by less than 1.97 million hectares, to drive the steady decline of construction land use area per unit GDP. We will enhance the development and protection of mineral resources, develop green mining, and build green mines.

第二節 構建資源循環(huán)利用體系

II. The resource recycling system

全面推行循環(huán)經(jīng)濟理念,構建多層次資源高效循環(huán)利用體系。深入推進(jìn)園區循環(huán)化改造,補齊和延伸產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,推進(jìn)能源資源梯級利用、廢物循環(huán)利用和污染物集中處置。加強大宗固體廢棄物綜合利用,規范發(fā)展再制造產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展種養有機結合的循環(huán)農業(yè)。加強廢舊物品回收設施規劃建設,完善城市廢舊物品回收分揀體系。推行生產(chǎn)企業(yè)“逆向回收”等模式,建立健全線(xiàn)上線(xiàn)下融合、流向可控的資源回收體系。拓展生產(chǎn)者責任延伸制度覆蓋范圍。推進(jìn)快遞包裝減量化、標準化、循環(huán)化。

We will comprehensively implement the concept of a circular economy and build a multi-tiered system for efficient resource recycling. We will further promote the transformation of industrial parks towards recycling, improve and extend the industrial chain, and boost the graded utilization of energy and resources, waste recycling, and concentrated disposal of pollutants. We will strengthen the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste and standardize the development of remanufacturing industry. We will accelerate the development of circular agriculture that organically combines planting and breeding, enhance the planning and construction of waste recycling facilities, and improve the urban waste recycling and sorting system. We will put in practice “reverse recovery” and other measures for production enterprises, and establish and improve an online-offline integrated resource recovery system where the flow of resources can be controlled. We will expand the coverage of the system for extending producers’ responsibilities; and drive the minimization, standardization, and recycling of delivery packaging.

第三節 大力發(fā)展綠色經(jīng)濟

III. Vigorously developing green economy

堅決遏制高耗能、高排放項目盲目發(fā)展,推動(dòng)綠色轉型實(shí)現積極發(fā)展。壯大節能環(huán)保、清潔生產(chǎn)、清潔能源、生態(tài)環(huán)境、基礎設施綠色升級、綠色服務(wù)等產(chǎn)業(yè),推廣合同能源管理、合同節水管理、環(huán)境污染第三方治理等服務(wù)模式。推動(dòng)煤炭等化石能源清潔高效利用,推進(jìn)鋼鐵、石化、建材等行業(yè)綠色化改造,加快大宗貨物和中長(cháng)途貨物運輸“公轉鐵”、“公轉水”。推動(dòng)城市公交和物流配送車(chē)輛電動(dòng)化。構建市場(chǎng)導向的綠色技術(shù)創(chuàng )新體系,實(shí)施綠色技術(shù)創(chuàng )新攻關(guān)行動(dòng),開(kāi)展重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品資源效率對標提升行動(dòng)。建立統一的綠色產(chǎn)品標準、認證、標識體系,完善節能家電、高效照明產(chǎn)品、節水器具推廣機制。深入開(kāi)展綠色生活創(chuàng )建行動(dòng)。

We will resolutely curb blind development of high energy consumption and high emission projects, and boost transformation towards green development, to achieve positive growth. We will expand the industries covering energy conservation and environmental protection, clean production, clean energy, ecological environment, infrastructure upgrade towards eco-friendliness, and green services, and promote service models such as contract-based energy management, contract-based water conservation, and the third-party treatment of environmental pollution. We will drive the clean and efficient use of fossil fuels such as coal, promote the transformation of industries such as iron and steel, petrochemical, and building materials towards green development, and accelerate the shift in the transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance freight transportation, from highways to railways and waterways. We will boost the electrification of urban public transit and logistics distribution vehicles. We will build a system for market-oriented innovation in green technology, implement initiatives to make breakthroughs in green technology innovation, and carry out benchmarking campaigns to improve the resource use efficiency of key industries and key products. We will establish a unified set of standards for the green product certification and identification system, improve the mechanism for promotion of energy-saving household appliances, efficient lighting products, and water-saving appliances and intensify efforts to promote green living.

第四節 構建綠色發(fā)展政策體系

IV. A policy system for green development

強化綠色發(fā)展的法律和政策保障。實(shí)施有利于節能環(huán)保和資源綜合利用的稅收政策。大力發(fā)展綠色金融。健全自然資源有償使用制度,創(chuàng )新完善自然資源、污水垃圾處理、用水用能等領(lǐng)域價(jià)格形成機制。推進(jìn)固定資產(chǎn)投資項目節能審查、節能監察、重點(diǎn)用能單位管理制度改革。完善能效、水效“領(lǐng)跑者”制度。強化高耗水行業(yè)用水定額管理。深化生態(tài)文明試驗區建設。深入推進(jìn)山西國家資源型經(jīng)濟轉型綜合配套改革試驗區建設和能源革命綜合改革試點(diǎn)。

We will enhance the law and policy support for green development, and implement tax policies conducive to energy conservation, environmental protection, and comprehensive utilization of resources. We will vigorously develop green finance; improve the system of paid use of natural resources; and innovate and improve pricing mechanisms in the fields of natural resources, sewage and garbage treatment, and water and energy use. We will strengthen energy-saving review and supervision over fixed asset investment projects and promote reform of the management system for key energy users, improve the “pacesetter” system for energy and water efficiency, and intensify the water quota management in high water consumption industries. We will further develop ecological civilization experimental sites, and further promote the construction of a national pilot area of comprehensive reform for the transformation of resource-based economy in Shanxi and the pilot project for the comprehensive reform of the energy revolution.

第十二篇 實(shí)行高水平對外開(kāi)放 開(kāi)拓合作共贏(yíng)新局面

Part XII Further Opening-up for Win-Win Cooperation

堅持實(shí)施更大范圍、更寬領(lǐng)域、更深層次對外開(kāi)放,依托我國超大規模市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢,促進(jìn)國際合作,實(shí)現互利共贏(yíng),推動(dòng)共建“一帶一路”行穩致遠,推動(dòng)構建人類(lèi)命運共同體。

We will continue to open up more sectors, increase the breadth and depth of opening-up, leverage the ultra-large-scale domestic market to promote international cooperation for mutual benefit and win-win outcome, and advance the stable and sustained joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative and the co-building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

第四十章 建設更高水平開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟新體制

Chapter 40 A New Open Economy System 

全面提高對外開(kāi)放水平,推進(jìn)貿易和投資自由化便利化,持續深化商品和要素流動(dòng)型開(kāi)放,穩步拓展規則、規制、管理、標準等制度型開(kāi)放。

We will comprehensively improve the level of opening to the outside world, promote liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, continue to deepen opening-up based on the flow of goods and production factors, and steadily expand institutional opening-up based on rules, regulations, management, and standards.

第一節 加快推進(jìn)制度型開(kāi)放

I. Accelerating institutional opening-up

構建與國際通行規則相銜接的制度體系和監管模式。健全外商投資準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理制度,進(jìn)一步縮減外資準入負面清單,落實(shí)準入后國民待遇,促進(jìn)內外資企業(yè)公平競爭。建立健全跨境服務(wù)貿易負面清單管理制度,健全技術(shù)貿易促進(jìn)體系。穩妥推進(jìn)銀行、證券、保險、基金、期貨等金融領(lǐng)域開(kāi)放,深化境內外資本市場(chǎng)互聯(lián)互通,健全合格境外投資者制度。穩慎推進(jìn)人民幣國際化,堅持市場(chǎng)驅動(dòng)和企業(yè)自主選擇,營(yíng)造以人民幣自由使用為基礎的新型互利合作關(guān)系。完善出入境、海關(guān)、外匯、稅收等環(huán)節管理服務(wù)。

We will build an institutional system and supervision model in line with the general practice of international trade. We will improve the management system for pre-access national treatment plus a negative list, further shorten the negative list for foreign investment, and implement post-access national treatment, to promote fair competition between domestic and foreign-funded enterprises. We will establish and improve the negative list management system for cross-border trade in services and improve the technology trade promotion system. We will steadily promote the opening of banking, securities, insurance, funds, futures, and other financial sectors, deepen the interconnection of domestic and foreign capital markets, and improve the system of qualified foreign investors. We will steadily promote the internationalization of RMB in a prudent manner, adhere to market-driven operation and independent choice of enterprises, and create a new type of mutually beneficial cooperative relationship based on the free use of RMB. We will improve the management of entry-exit, customs, foreign exchange, tax revenue, and other regulations and services.

第二節 提升對外開(kāi)放平臺功能

II. Upgrading the opening-up platforms

統籌推進(jìn)各類(lèi)開(kāi)放平臺建設,打造開(kāi)放層次更高、營(yíng)商環(huán)境更優(yōu)、輻射作用更強的開(kāi)放新高地。完善自由貿易試驗區布局,賦予其更大改革自主權,深化首創(chuàng )性、集成化、差別化改革探索,積極復制推廣制度創(chuàng )新成果。穩步推進(jìn)海南自由貿易港建設,以貨物貿易“零關(guān)稅”、服務(wù)貿易“既準入又準營(yíng)”為方向推進(jìn)貿易自由化便利化,大幅放寬市場(chǎng)準入,全面推行“極簡(jiǎn)審批”投資制度,開(kāi)展跨境證券投融資改革試點(diǎn)和數據跨境傳輸安全管理試點(diǎn),實(shí)施更加開(kāi)放的人才、出入境、運輸等政策,制定出臺海南自由貿易港法,初步建立中國特色自由貿易港政策和制度體系。創(chuàng )新提升國家級新區和開(kāi)發(fā)區,促進(jìn)綜合保稅區高水平開(kāi)放,完善沿邊重點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放試驗區、邊境經(jīng)濟合作區、跨境經(jīng)濟合作區功能,支持寧夏、貴州、江西建設內陸開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟試驗區。

We will promote the development of various open platforms across the board and create a new highland of opening-up with a higher level of opening, better business environment, and stronger impact. We will improve the structure of pilot free trade zones, grant them greater decision making power for reforms, further explore innovative, integrated, and differentiated reform, and proactively replicate and promote the results of institutional innovation. We will steadily promote the development of Hainan Free Trade Port, and liberalize and facilitate trade in the direction of “zero tariff” for trade in goods and “allow firms in and let them do business” for trade in services. We will greatly ease market access; comprehensively implement the minimum approval investment administration system; carry out pilot projects for reforms in cross-border securities investment and financing and security management of cross-border data transmission; adopt more open polices for talents, entry-exit, and transportation; formulate and promulgate Hainan Free Trade Port law; and basically establish policies and systems of free trade ports with Chinese characteristics. We will make innovations to upgrade state-level new areas and development zones, promote high-standard opening-up of comprehensive bonded zones, improve the functions of key pilot zones for development and opening-up along border areas, border economic cooperation zones, and cross-border economic cooperation zones, and support the efforts of Ningxia, Guizhou, and Jiangxi in developing inland opening-up pilot economic zones.

第三節 優(yōu)化區域開(kāi)放布局

III. Improving the regional opening-up structure

鼓勵各地立足比較優(yōu)勢擴大開(kāi)放,強化區域間開(kāi)放聯(lián)動(dòng),構建陸海內外聯(lián)動(dòng)、東西雙向互濟的開(kāi)放格局。鞏固東部沿海地區和超大特大城市開(kāi)放先導地位,率先推動(dòng)全方位高水平開(kāi)放。加快中西部和東北地區開(kāi)放步伐,支持承接國內外產(chǎn)業(yè)轉移,培育全球重要加工制造基地和新增長(cháng)極,研究在內陸地區增設國家一類(lèi)口岸,助推內陸地區成為開(kāi)放前沿。推動(dòng)沿邊開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,加快邊境貿易創(chuàng )新發(fā)展,更好發(fā)揮重點(diǎn)口岸和邊境城市內外聯(lián)通作用。支持廣西建設面向東盟的開(kāi)放合作高地、云南建設面向南亞?wèn)|南亞和環(huán)印度洋地區開(kāi)放的輻射中心。

We will encourage all regions to expand opening-up to the outside world based on their comparative advantages; boost inter-regional connectivity in opening-up; and bring about a new pattern of all-round two-way opening-up with links running eastward and westward over land and sea. We will consolidate the leading position of the eastern coastal areas and mega cities in opening-up, so that they can take the lead in promoting all-round and high-standard opening-up. We will accelerate the pace of opening-up in the central and western regions and the northeast, support them to undertake domestic and foreign industrial transfer, foster major global processing and manufacturing bases and new growth poles, and consider the establishment of national first-class ports in inland areas, to fuel the development of inland areas and push them to the forefront of opening-up. We will promote high-quality border development and opening-up, accelerate the innovative development of border trade and give better play to the role of key ports and border cities as links between domestic and foreign areas. We will support Guangxi in developing itself into a highland of opening-up and cooperation with ASEAN, and Yunnan into a center of opening-up towards South and Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean Rim.

第四節 健全開(kāi)放安全保障體系

IV. Improving the opening-up security system

構筑與更高水平開(kāi)放相匹配的監管和風(fēng)險防控體系。健全產(chǎn)業(yè)損害預警體系,豐富貿易調整援助、貿易救濟等政策工具,妥善應對經(jīng)貿摩擦。健全外商投資國家安全審查、反壟斷審查和國家技術(shù)安全清單管理、不可靠實(shí)體清單等制度。建立重要資源和產(chǎn)品全球供應鏈風(fēng)險預警系統,加強國際供應鏈保障合作。加強國際收支監測,保持國際收支基本平衡和外匯儲備基本穩定。加強對外資產(chǎn)負債監測,建立健全全口徑外債監管體系。完善境外投資分類(lèi)分級監管體系。構建海外利益保護和風(fēng)險預警防范體系。優(yōu)化提升駐外外交機構基礎設施保障能力,完善領(lǐng)事保護工作體制機制,維護海外中國公民、機構安全和正當權益。

We will build a regulatory and risk resistance system in line with a higher standard of openness, properly cope with economic and trade frictions by improving the early warning system for industrial damage, and enrich policy instruments covering trade adjustment assistance and trade relief. We will improve the foreign investment national security review system, anti-monopoly review system, national technical security list management, and unreliable entity list. We will establish an early warning system for global supply chain risk for important resources and products and strengthen cooperation in international supply chain support. We will intensify the monitoring of the international balance of payments to maintain its basic equilibrium and the basic stability of foreign exchange reserves. We will intensify the monitoring of external assets and liabilities and establish and improve the system of unified supervision of external debts. We will improve the classified and graded supervision system for overseas investment and build a system for overseas interest protection, risk early warning, and risk resistance. We will enhance the infrastructure support capacity of overseas diplomatic agencies and improve the institutions and mechanisms for consular protection, to safeguard the security and legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and institutions overseas.

第四十一章 推動(dòng)共建“一帶一路”高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

Chapter 41 Joint Pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative

堅持共商共建共享原則,秉持綠色、開(kāi)放、廉潔理念,深化務(wù)實(shí)合作,加強安全保障,促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展。

We will follow the principle of extensive consultation, joint contributions, and shared benefits, adhere to a vision of green development, openness, and clean governance, and step up efforts for practical cooperation, security assurance, and common development.

第一節 加強發(fā)展戰略和政策對接

I. Development strategy and policy alignment

推進(jìn)戰略、規劃、機制對接,加強政策、規則、標準聯(lián)通。創(chuàng )新對接方式,推進(jìn)已簽文件落實(shí)見(jiàn)效,推動(dòng)與更多國家商簽投資保護協(xié)定、避免雙重征稅協(xié)定等,加強海關(guān)、稅收、監管等合作,推動(dòng)實(shí)施更高水平的通關(guān)一體化。拓展規則對接領(lǐng)域,加強融資、貿易、能源、數字信息、農業(yè)等領(lǐng)域規則對接合作。促進(jìn)共建“一帶一路”倡議同區域和國際發(fā)展議程有效對接、協(xié)同增效。

We will promote alignment between strategies, plans, and mechanisms, as well as connectivity between policies, rules, and standards. We will explore new alignment methods, promote the effective implementation of signed documents and negotiate and sign agreements on investment protection, double taxation avoidance, and other affairs with more countries, enhance cooperation in customs, taxation, and regulation, and promote the implementation of a higher-standard integrated customs clearance. We will expand the areas of policy connectivity and strengthen cooperation for policy alignment in financing, trade, energy, digital information, agriculture, and other sectors. We will enhance complementarity and synergy between the BRI and regional and international development agendas.

第二節 推進(jìn)基礎設施互聯(lián)互通

II. Infrastructure interconnectivity

推動(dòng)陸海天網(wǎng)四位一體聯(lián)通,以“六廊六路多國多港”為基本框架,構建以新亞歐大陸橋等經(jīng)濟走廊為引領(lǐng),以中歐班列、陸海新通道等大通道和信息高速路為骨架,以鐵路、港口、管網(wǎng)等為依托的互聯(lián)互通網(wǎng)絡(luò ),打造國際陸海貿易新通道。聚焦關(guān)鍵通道和關(guān)鍵城市,有序推動(dòng)重大合作項目建設,將高質(zhì)量、可持續、抗風(fēng)險、價(jià)格合理、包容可及目標融入項目建設全過(guò)程。提高中歐班列開(kāi)行質(zhì)量,推動(dòng)國際陸運貿易規則制定。擴大“絲路海運”品牌影響。推進(jìn)福建、新疆建設“一帶一路”核心區。推進(jìn)“一帶一路”空間信息走廊建設。建設“空中絲綢之路”。

We will promote integrated connectivity that comprises land, sea, air, and cyber links, build a connectivity framework featuring “six corridors, six routes, and multiple countries and ports”, and on this basis, develop a connectivity network dominated by the New Eurasian Land Bridge and other economic corridors, propped up by the China-Europe Railway Express, the new land-sea corridor, and other large corridors and information highways, and supported by railways, ports, and pipe networks, and we will create a new international land-sea trade corridor. Focusing on key corridors and cities, we will promote the construction of major cooperation projects in an orderly manner, and comprehensively integrate high quality, sustainability, risk-resistance, reasonable pricing, inclusiveness, and accessibility goals into the projects. We will improve the operation of China-Europe Railway Express and promote the formulation of rules on international land transportation and trade. We will expand the influence of the “Maritime Silk Road” as a brand, advance the building of Fujian and Xinjiang into the core areas of the Belt and Road, develop the space information corridor of the BRI, and build the “Air Silk Road”.

第三節 深化經(jīng)貿投資務(wù)實(shí)合作

III. Further practical cooperation in economy, trade, and investment

推動(dòng)與共建“一帶一路”國家貿易投資合作優(yōu)化升級,積極發(fā)展絲路電商。深化國際產(chǎn)能合作,拓展第三方市場(chǎng)合作,構筑互利共贏(yíng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈合作體系,擴大雙向貿易和投資。堅持以企業(yè)為主體、市場(chǎng)為導向,遵循國際慣例和債務(wù)可持續原則,健全多元化投融資體系。創(chuàng )新融資合作框架,發(fā)揮共建“一帶一路”專(zhuān)項貸款、絲路基金等作用。建立健全“一帶一路”金融合作網(wǎng)絡(luò ),推動(dòng)金融基礎設施互聯(lián)互通,支持多邊和各國金融機構共同參與投融資。完善“一帶一路”風(fēng)險防控和安全保障體系,強化法律服務(wù)保障,有效防范化解各類(lèi)風(fēng)險。

We will enhance trade and investment cooperation with countries within the framework of the BRI and actively develop Silk Road e-commerce. We will deepen international cooperation on production capacity, expand the third-party market cooperation, build a system for win-win cooperation on industry and supply chains, and expand two-way trade and investment. We will continue the enterprise-based and market-oriented development and follow international practices and the principle of debt sustainability to improve a diversified investment and financing system. We will explore a new framework for financing cooperation and leverage the roles of special loans and Silk Road Fund for the joint pursuit of the BRI. We will establish and improve the BRI financial cooperation network, promote the interconnectivity of financial infrastructure, and support multilateral and international financial institutions to participate in investment and financing. We will improve the risk resistance and security support system of the BRI and enhance legal service support to effectively prevent and defuse various risks.

第四節 架設文明互學(xué)互鑒橋梁

IV. Building a bridge for exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations

深化公共衛生、數字經(jīng)濟、綠色發(fā)展、科技教育、文化藝術(shù)等領(lǐng)域人文合作,加強議會(huì )、政黨、民間組織往來(lái),密切婦女、青年、殘疾人等群體交流,形成多元互動(dòng)的人文交流格局。推進(jìn)實(shí)施共建“一帶一路”科技創(chuàng )新行動(dòng)計劃,建設數字絲綢之路、創(chuàng )新絲綢之路。加強應對氣候變化、海洋合作、野生動(dòng)物保護、荒漠化防治等交流合作,推動(dòng)建設綠色絲綢之路。積極與共建“一帶一路”國家開(kāi)展醫療衛生和傳染病防控合作,建設健康絲綢之路。

We will deepen cultural and people-to-people exchanges in public health, digital economy, green development, science and technology, education, culture and arts, and other fields. We will enhance exchanges among parliaments, political parties, and non-governmental organizations, bring about close communication among women, the youth, people with disabilities, and other groups, to form a pattern of multi-dimensional and interactive people-to-people exchanges. We will advance the implementation of the BRI Science, Technology, and Innovation Cooperation Action Plan, and build the digital Silk Road and the innovative Silk Road. We will strengthen exchanges and cooperation in addressing climate change, marine cooperation, wildlife protection, and desertification control, and develop the green Silk Road. We will vigorously cooperate with countries in the framework of the BRI in healthcare and the prevention and control of infectious diseases and build a healthy Silk Road.

第四十二章 積極參與全球治理體系改革和建設

Chapter 42 Participating in the Reform and Development of the Global Governance System

高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏(yíng)旗幟,堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策,推動(dòng)構建新型國際關(guān)系,推動(dòng)全球治理體系朝著(zhù)更加公正合理的方向發(fā)展。

We will uphold the principles of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, remain firm in pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, promote the development of a new type of international relations, and make the global governance system more just and reasonable.

第一節 維護和完善多邊經(jīng)濟治理機制

I. Multilateral economic governance mechanism

維護多邊貿易體制,積極參與世界貿易組織改革,堅決維護發(fā)展中成員地位。推動(dòng)二十國集團等發(fā)揮國際經(jīng)濟合作功能,建設性參與亞太經(jīng)合組織、金磚國家等機制經(jīng)濟治理合作,提出更多中國倡議、中國方案。推動(dòng)主要多邊金融機構深化治理改革,支持亞洲基礎設施投資銀行和新開(kāi)發(fā)銀行更好發(fā)揮作用,提高參與國際金融治理能力。推動(dòng)國際宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟政策溝通協(xié)調,搭建國際合作平臺,共同維護全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈穩定暢通、全球金融市場(chǎng)穩定,合力促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)。推動(dòng)新興領(lǐng)域經(jīng)濟治理規則制定。

We will maintain the multilateral trade system, actively participate in the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and resolutely safeguard the status of the would-be members of the organizations. We will push the G20 to play its role in international economic cooperation, and we will play a constructive role in cooperation on economic governance among APEC, BRICS, and other mechanisms, and put forward more China initiatives and China programs. We will promote the deepening of governance reform in major multilateral financial institutions, support the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank to play a better role, and enhance their ability to participate in international financial governance. We will promote communication and coordination of international macroeconomic policies, build a platform for international cooperation, work together to maintain the stability of global industry and supply chains and global financial markets, and join forces to promote world economic growth. We will promote the formulation of rules on economic governance in emerging sectors.

第二節 構建高標準自由貿易區網(wǎng)絡(luò )

II. A network of high-standard free trade zones

實(shí)施自由貿易區提升戰略,構建面向全球的高標準自由貿易區網(wǎng)絡(luò )。優(yōu)化自由貿易區布局,推動(dòng)區域全面經(jīng)濟伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定實(shí)施,加快中日韓自由貿易協(xié)定談判進(jìn)程,穩步推進(jìn)亞太自貿區建設。提升自由貿易區建設水平,積極考慮加入全面與進(jìn)步跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定,推動(dòng)商簽更多高標準自由貿易協(xié)定和區域貿易協(xié)定。

We will implement the strategy of upgrading free trade zones and build a global network of high-standard free trade zones. We will optimize the layout of the FTZs, promote the implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement, accelerate the negotiation process of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between China, Japan, and ROK, and steadily promote the building of the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP). We will raise the standards of the development of FTZs, consider joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and promote the negotiation and signing of agreements on even more high-level FTAs and regional trade.

第三節 積極營(yíng)造良好外部環(huán)境

III. A sound external environment

積極發(fā)展全球伙伴關(guān)系,推進(jìn)大國協(xié)調和合作,深化同周邊國家關(guān)系,加強同發(fā)展中國家團結合作。堅持多邊主義和共商共建共享原則,維護以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系和以國際法為基礎的國際秩序,共同應對全球性挑戰。積極參與重大傳染病防控國際合作,推動(dòng)構建人類(lèi)衛生健康共同體。深化對外援助體制機制改革,優(yōu)化對外援助布局,向發(fā)展中國家特別是最不發(fā)達國家提供力所能及的幫助,加強醫療衛生、科技教育、綠色發(fā)展、減貧、人力資源開(kāi)發(fā)、緊急人道主義等領(lǐng)域對外合作和援助。積極落實(shí)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續發(fā)展議程。

We will proactively develop global partnership, promote coordination and cooperation among major countries, strengthen relations with neighboring countries, and advance unity and cooperation with developing countries. We will adhere to multilateralism and the principle of extensive consultation, joint contributions and shared benefits, and safeguard the international system with the United Nations as the core and the international order based on international law, to jointly cope with global challenges. We will actively participate in international cooperation in the prevention and control of major infectious diseases and promote the building of a global health community. We will expand efforts to reform the institutions and mechanisms of foreign aid, improve the distribution of foreign aid, do our best to aid developing countries, especially the least developed countries, and strengthen foreign cooperation and assistance in the fields of healthcare, science, technology, education, green development, poverty alleviation, human resource development, and emergency humanitarian assistance. We will actively implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations.

第十三篇 提升國民素質(zhì) 促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展

Part XIII Promotion of Human Development

把提升國民素質(zhì)放在突出重要位置,構建高質(zhì)量的教育體系和全方位全周期的健康體系,優(yōu)化人口結構,拓展人口質(zhì)量紅利,提升人力資本水平和人的全面發(fā)展能力。

Promoting human development is a top priority. To this end, it is crucial to improve the quality of education and healthcare for all. Also important is how to guide the evolvement of the population structure with the aim of maximizing the human development dividend and boosting human capital in an overall effort to improve the people’s wellbeing.

第四十三章 建設高質(zhì)量教育體系

Chapter 43 Quality Education for All

全面貫徹黨的教育方針,堅持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育事業(yè),堅持立德樹(shù)人,增強學(xué)生文明素養、社會(huì )責任意識、實(shí)踐本領(lǐng),培養德智體美勞全面發(fā)展的社會(huì )主義建設者和接班人。

Guided by the Party’s education policy, development of education remains high on our agenda. Education includes character education and civil education that cultivates a sense of social responsibility in addition to practical skills to pave the way for moral, intellectual, and physical growth, so that our students will grow into effective contributors to socialist prosperity. 

第一節 推進(jìn)基本公共教育均等化

I. Equitable access to basic public education

鞏固義務(wù)教育基本均衡成果,完善辦學(xué)標準,推動(dòng)義務(wù)教育優(yōu)質(zhì)均衡發(fā)展和城鄉一體化。加快城鎮學(xué)校擴容增位,保障農業(yè)轉移人口隨遷子女平等享有基本公共教育服務(wù)。改善鄉村小規模學(xué)校和鄉鎮寄宿制學(xué)校條件,加強鄉村教師隊伍建設,提高鄉村教師素質(zhì)能力,完善留守兒童關(guān)愛(ài)體系,鞏固義務(wù)教育控輟保學(xué)成果。鞏固提升高中階段教育普及水平,鼓勵高中階段學(xué)校多樣化發(fā)展,高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率提高到92%以上。規范校外培訓。完善普惠性學(xué)前教育和特殊教育、專(zhuān)門(mén)教育保障機制,學(xué)前教育毛入園率提高到90%以上。提高民族地區教育質(zhì)量和水平,加大國家通用語(yǔ)言文字推廣力度。

Building on what has been achieved in balanced compulsory education is an imperative, which calls for improving education standards, with a focus on developing high-quality, well-balanced, and integrated compulsory education in both urban and rural areas. Urban schools need to expand capacity to ensure access to basic public education for children who have moved with their parents from rural to urban areas. Efforts will be ongoing to improve conditions in small rural schools and boarding schools in towns and townships, build a large team of competent rural teachers dedicated to helping rural children move ahead, and continue to reduce dropout rates. Universal access to high-school education is another area of focus. Special attention will be paid to the need to diversify education at the high-school level and to raise the gross enrollment ratio to over 92%. Regulation of after-school academic programs will be strengthened. More support will be provided to publicly accessible preschool education, and a goal of raising the gross preschool enrollment ratio to over 90% is envisaged. Support will also be provided to special education and special programs for children who have run-ins with the law. Efforts will be stepped up to improve the quality and effectiveness of education in ethnic minority areas to enhance the mastery of the national official language. 

第二節 增強職業(yè)技術(shù)教育適應性

II. Adaptable vocational and technical education

突出職業(yè)技術(shù)(技工)教育類(lèi)型特色,深入推進(jìn)改革創(chuàng )新,優(yōu)化結構與布局,大力培養技術(shù)技能人才。完善職業(yè)技術(shù)教育國家標準,推行“學(xué)歷證書(shū)+職業(yè)技能等級證書(shū)”制度。創(chuàng )新辦學(xué)模式,深化產(chǎn)教融合、校企合作,鼓勵企業(yè)舉辦高質(zhì)量職業(yè)技術(shù)教育,探索中國特色學(xué)徒制。實(shí)施現代職業(yè)技術(shù)教育質(zhì)量提升計劃,建設一批高水平職業(yè)技術(shù)院校和專(zhuān)業(yè),穩步發(fā)展職業(yè)本科教育。深化職普融通,實(shí)現職業(yè)技術(shù)教育與普通教育雙向互認、縱向流動(dòng)。

Reform and innovation are needed to improve different types of vocational and technical education by leveraging the special strengths of each program and better structuring the vocational and technical education services and through more rational deployment of resources in this field with a view to better training technicians and skilled workers. Revision of national standards for vocational and technical education is necessary to complement academic certification with vocational certification. Innovative approaches should be explored to better align classroom education with real world needs, expand cooperation between businesses and education institutions, encourage involvement of businesses in providing high-quality vocational and technical education, and develop apprenticeship programs that suit China’s needs. Improving the quality of modern vocational and technical education will be an ongoing focus with plans to build a group of top-notch vocational and technical colleges and programs and steadily develop career-focused undergraduate education in a move to further integrate vocational and general education, encourage mutual recognition of vocational qualifications and academic degrees, and provide opportunities for students in vocational education to receive general education.

第三節 提高高等教育質(zhì)量

III. Quality higher education

推進(jìn)高等教育分類(lèi)管理和高等學(xué)校綜合改革,構建更加多元的高等教育體系,高等教育毛入學(xué)率提高到60%。分類(lèi)建設一流大學(xué)和一流學(xué)科,支持發(fā)展高水平研究型大學(xué)。建設高質(zhì)量本科教育,推進(jìn)部分普通本科高校向應用型轉變。建立學(xué)科專(zhuān)業(yè)動(dòng)態(tài)調整機制和特色發(fā)展引導機制,增強高校學(xué)科設置針對性,推進(jìn)基礎學(xué)科高層次人才培養模式改革,加快培養理工農醫類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)緊缺人才。加強研究生培養管理,提升研究生教育質(zhì)量,穩步擴大專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)位研究生規模。優(yōu)化區域高等教育資源布局,推進(jìn)中西部地區高等教育振興。

Category-based management is needed for higher education and comprehensive reform is needed for higher education institutions, so as to diversify the higher education system with an aim of seeing the gross enrollment ratio rise to 60%. First-class universities and academic disciplines will be built on a categorized basis. Support will be provided for developing top-notch research universities. Quality of undergraduate education will be improved by encouraging a number of regular undergraduate institutions to become applied colleges. Reform of high-level talent training in basic academic disciplines will be facilitated by adjusting academic disciplines and programs that suit the needs and giving play to their strengths to provide more targeted disciplines, so that the gaps in scientific, engineering, agricultural, and medical personnel can be filled. Efforts will be made to better manage and improve postgraduate program, as well as admit more applicants for professional postgraduate degrees. Higher education in the central and western regions will be revived by optimizing the distribution of higher education resources.

第四節 建設高素質(zhì)專(zhuān)業(yè)化教師隊伍

IV. Teacher competencies

建立高水平現代教師教育體系,加強師德師風(fēng)建設,完善教師管理和發(fā)展政策體系,提升教師教書(shū)育人能力素質(zhì)。重點(diǎn)建設一批師范教育基地,支持高水平綜合大學(xué)開(kāi)展教師教育,健全師范生公費教育制度,推進(jìn)教育類(lèi)研究生和公費師范生免試認定教師資格改革。支持高水平工科大學(xué)舉辦職業(yè)技術(shù)師范專(zhuān)業(yè),建立高等學(xué)校、職業(yè)學(xué)校與行業(yè)企業(yè)聯(lián)合培養“雙師型”教師機制。深化中小學(xué)、幼兒園教師管理綜合改革,統籌教師編制配置和跨區調整,推進(jìn)義務(wù)教育教師“縣管校聘”管理改革,適當提高中高級教師崗位比例。

A high-standard modern teachers education system is needed, focusing on strengthening the professional ethics and competence of teachers, improving the policies for teacher management and development, and enhancing teachers’ capacity to impart knowledge and cultivate students. Priority will be given to establish a batch of teachers education bases, support quality comprehensive universities to carry out teachers education programs, improve the government-paid education for normal school students, and exempt graduate students of education programs and government-funded normal school students from applying teacher certificates through examinations. Support will be provided to top-notch engineering universities to train teachers for vocational and technical education. And universities, vocational schools, and enterprises will be encouraged to jointly train teachers qualified both in delivering theoretical knowledge and guiding practice. Measures will be taken to deepen the management of teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, including making plans for the overall and regional distribution of budgeted posts, ensure that teachers working in compulsory education are regulated by county-level authorities and employed by schools, and appropriately raise the proportion of middle-ranking and senior teachers.

第五節 深化教育改革

V. Education reform

深化新時(shí)代教育評價(jià)改革,建立健全教育評價(jià)制度和機制,發(fā)展素質(zhì)教育,更加注重學(xué)生愛(ài)國情懷、創(chuàng )新精神和健康人格培養。堅持教育公益性原則,加大教育經(jīng)費投入,改革完善經(jīng)費使用管理制度,提高經(jīng)費使用效益。落實(shí)和擴大學(xué)校辦學(xué)自主權,完善學(xué)校內部治理結構,有序引導社會(huì )參與學(xué)校治理。深化考試招生綜合改革。支持和規范民辦教育發(fā)展,開(kāi)展高水平中外合作辦學(xué)。發(fā)揮在線(xiàn)教育優(yōu)勢,完善終身學(xué)習體系,建設學(xué)習型社會(huì )。推進(jìn)高水平大學(xué)開(kāi)放教育資源,完善注冊學(xué)習和彈性學(xué)習制度,暢通不同類(lèi)型學(xué)習成果的互認和轉換渠道。

To enhance students’ well-rounded development, with a focus on patriotism, sense of innovation, and healthy personality, it is needed to deepen education evaluation reform in the new era by establishing sound education evaluation systems and mechanisms. Remained as a not-for-profit cause, education will see more funds, an improved system for fund management and fund use, and an increase in fund use efficiency. Action related to school running include ensuring that schools have a greater say, improving internal governance structure, and guiding the private sector to participate running school in an orderly manner. Comprehensive reform is needed for examination and enrollment, with the focus on supporting and regulating private education and encouraging high-standard learning institutions and programs jointly run by Chinese and overseas institutions. The advantageous online education will be integrated into the lifelong learning system, and help build a learning society. Other education related measures include encouraging top-notch universities to provide open access to their educational resources, providing opportunities for registered learning and flexible learning, and smoothing the channels of mutual recognition and conversion of different types of learning achievements.

第四十四章 全面推進(jìn)健康中國建設

Chapter 44 A Healthy China

把保障人民健康放在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的戰略位置,堅持預防為主的方針,深入實(shí)施健康中國行動(dòng),完善國民健康促進(jìn)政策,織牢國家公共衛生防護網(wǎng),為人民提供全方位全生命期健康服務(wù)。

In a strategic move to improve health and wellbeing for all, the Healthy China Initiative has been rolled out with an emphasis on prevention. As a national health policy, it aims to strengthen national public health network and provide healthcare for all.

第一節 構建強大公共衛生體系

I. A robust public health system

改革疾病預防控制體系,強化監測預警、風(fēng)險評估、流行病學(xué)調查、檢驗檢測、應急處置等職能。建立穩定的公共衛生事業(yè)投入機制,改善疾控基礎條件,強化基層公共衛生體系。落實(shí)醫療機構公共衛生責任,創(chuàng )新醫防協(xié)同機制。完善突發(fā)公共衛生事件監測預警處置機制,加強實(shí)驗室檢測網(wǎng)絡(luò )建設,健全醫療救治、科技支撐、物資保障體系,提高應對突發(fā)公共衛生事件能力。建立分級分層分流的傳染病救治網(wǎng)絡(luò ),建立健全統一的國家公共衛生應急物資儲備體系,大型公共建筑預設平疫結合改造接口。筑牢口岸防疫防線(xiàn)。加強公共衛生學(xué)院和人才隊伍建設。完善公共衛生服務(wù)項目,擴大國家免疫規劃,強化慢性病預防、早期篩查和綜合干預。完善心理健康和精神衛生服務(wù)體系。

Healthcare reform aims to improve disease prevention and control and strengthen, in particular, a system for health monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, inspection and detection, and emergency response. More predictable public funding for healthcare is envisaged to enhance essential disease control measures and community-level public healthcare. Public accountability for medical institutions will also be enhanced. Innovative approaches to integrating prevention and treatment are encouraged. Efforts to strengthen public health emergency monitoring, early warning, and response mechanisms are ongoing, including measures to build a robust laboratory testing network, and improve patient care, technological support, and logistics support. A tired, multi-level, and referral-based infectious disease treatment network will be built, so will a unified national system of reserves of essential supplies for public health emergencies. Modifications to large public buildings are underway to better accommodate the needs for epidemic control. Infectious disease screening at ports of entry has been stepped up. Other measures in this connection include more support for public health colleges and talent development; expansion of national vaccination plans; chronic disease prevention, early screening, and comprehensive intervention; and mental health services and psychosocial support.

第二節 深化醫藥衛生體制改革

II. Healthcare reform

堅持基本醫療衛生事業(yè)公益屬性,以提高醫療質(zhì)量和效率為導向,以公立醫療機構為主體、非公立醫療機構為補充,擴大醫療服務(wù)資源供給。加強公立醫院建設,加快建立現代醫院管理制度,深入推進(jìn)治理結構、人事薪酬、編制管理和績(jì)效考核改革。加快優(yōu)質(zhì)醫療資源擴容和區域均衡布局,建設國家醫學(xué)中心和區域醫療中心。加強基層醫療衛生隊伍建設,以城市社區和農村基層、邊境口岸城市、縣級醫院為重點(diǎn),完善城鄉醫療服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò )。加快建設分級診療體系,積極發(fā)展醫療聯(lián)合體。加強預防、治療、護理、康復有機銜接。推進(jìn)國家組織藥品和耗材集中帶量采購使用改革,發(fā)展高端醫療設備。完善創(chuàng )新藥物、疫苗、醫療器械等快速審評審批機制,加快臨床急需和罕見(jiàn)病治療藥品、醫療器械審評審批,促進(jìn)臨床急需境外已上市新藥和醫療器械盡快在境內上市。提升醫護人員培養質(zhì)量與規模,擴大兒科、全科等短缺醫師規模,每千人口擁有注冊護士數提高到3.8人。實(shí)施醫師區域注冊,推動(dòng)醫師多機構執業(yè)。穩步擴大城鄉家庭醫生簽約服務(wù)覆蓋范圍,提高簽約服務(wù)質(zhì)量。支持社會(huì )辦醫,鼓勵有經(jīng)驗的執業(yè)醫師開(kāi)辦診所。

Efforts will be made to continue to provide non-for-profit healthcare. With a focus on improving medical treatment quality and efficiency, more resources will flow to medical services, mainly in public medical institutions followed by non-public ones. A modern hospital management system is imperative for public medical institutions, which calls for reform in governance structure, staffing and remuneration, budgeted posts management, and performance appraisal. National and regional medical centers will be built to accelerate the expansion and balanced regional distribution of quality medical resources. Special attention will be paid to developing community-level healthcare workforce, especially in urban and rural communities, border and port cities, and county-level hospitals to improve the medical services network in urban and rural areas. Medical consortia are needed for tired diagnosis and treatment, as well as ensuring the coordination of prevention, treatment, nursing, and rehabilitation. Reform will be rolled out in state-organized centralized procurement and use of medicines and medical consumables, in particular high-end medical equipment. The rapid evaluation and approval mechanism will be improved for innovative medicines, vaccines, medical devices, and targeting medicines and medical devices in urgent need for clinical use and for treating rare diseases, allowing for as quickly as possible the domestic marketing of those that are already available in overseas markets. Measures will be taken to improve the quality and scale of healthcare personnel, including addressing the gaps in pediatricians, general physicians, and other physicians; increasing the number of registered nurses per 1,000 people to 3.8; implementing a regional registration system for physicians which can make it convenient for them to provide services in multiple institutions; expanding the coverage and improving the quality of contracted family doctor services in urban and rural areas; supporting private hospitals and encouraging experienced physicians to run clinics.

第三節 健全全民醫保制度

III. Universal medical insurance 

健全基本醫療保險穩定可持續籌資和待遇調整機制,完善醫保繳費參保政策,實(shí)行醫療保障待遇清單制度。做實(shí)基本醫療保險市級統籌,推動(dòng)省級統籌。完善基本醫療保險門(mén)診共濟保障機制,健全重大疾病醫療保險和救助制度。完善醫保目錄動(dòng)態(tài)調整機制。推行以按病種付費為主的多元復合式醫保支付方式。將符合條件的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)醫療服務(wù)納入醫保支付范圍,落實(shí)異地就醫結算。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)醫保標準化、信息化建設,提升經(jīng)辦服務(wù)水平。健全醫?；鸨O管機制。穩步建立長(cháng)期護理保險制度。積極發(fā)展商業(yè)醫療保險。

Efforts will continue to ensure stable and sustainable funding for basic medical insurance and adjust medical benefits by revising payment policies for medical insurance premiums and developing lists for medical benefits. Overall planning of basic medical insurance shall be made at the municipal and provincial levels. Improvement measures are needed for the general support mechanism for covering outpatient medical bills under employee basic medical insurance and the system of medical insurance and aid for treating serious diseases. It is necessary to make timely adjustments to the catalogue of medicines covered by medical insurance. A diversified, compound medical insurance payment model based on disease-related payment is under way. Qualified internet-based medical services will be made reimbursable under the medical insurance plan. Medical bills incurred in any locality will be settled through basic insurance accounts. Solid progress will be made in setting standards for medical insurance and applying information technology, so as to improve insurance services. Efforts are ongoing to better supervise medical insurance funds to ensure a long-term care insurance system. Commercial medical insurance will be encouraged.

第四節 推動(dòng)中醫藥傳承創(chuàng )新

IV. Development of and innovation in traditional Chinese medicine

堅持中西醫并重和優(yōu)勢互補,大力發(fā)展中醫藥事業(yè)。健全中醫藥服務(wù)體系,發(fā)揮中醫藥在疾病預防、治療、康復中的獨特優(yōu)勢。加強中西醫結合,促進(jìn)少數民族醫藥發(fā)展。加強古典醫籍精華的梳理和挖掘,建設中醫藥科技支撐平臺,改革完善中藥審評審批機制,促進(jìn)中藥新藥研發(fā)保護和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。強化中藥質(zhì)量監管,促進(jìn)中藥質(zhì)量提升。強化中醫藥特色人才培養,加強中醫藥文化傳承與創(chuàng )新發(fā)展,推動(dòng)中醫藥走向世界。

Equal importance will be attached to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. While making good use of their complementary advantages, special support will be provided to TCM. A sound TCM service system is needed to give full play to TCM’s unique strengths in disease prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. TCM and Western medicine will be better integrated. And efforts will be made to develop medicine of ethnic minority groups. In this regard, measures aiming to develop and protect new medicines include conducting research on the essence of Chinese medical classics, building scientific and technological support platforms for TCM, reforming and revising the TCM evaluation and approval mechanisms. A stronger supervision system is important for quality Chinese medicines. Efforts are ongoing to foster specialists in TCM to better inherit and innovate TCM culture. With all these endeavors, TCM will go global. 

第五節 建設體育強國

V. A country strong in sports

廣泛開(kāi)展全民健身運動(dòng),增強人民體質(zhì)。推動(dòng)健康關(guān)口前移,深化體教融合、體衛融合、體旅融合。完善全民健身公共服務(wù)體系,推進(jìn)社會(huì )體育場(chǎng)地設施建設和學(xué)校場(chǎng)館開(kāi)放共享,提高健身步道等便民健身場(chǎng)所覆蓋面,因地制宜發(fā)展體育公園,支持在不妨礙防洪安全前提下利用河灘地等建設公共體育設施。保障學(xué)校體育課和課外鍛煉時(shí)間,以青少年為重點(diǎn)開(kāi)展國民體質(zhì)監測和干預。堅持文化教育和專(zhuān)業(yè)訓練并重,加強競技體育后備人才培養,提升重點(diǎn)項目競技水平,鞏固傳統項目?jì)?yōu)勢,探索中國特色足球籃球排球發(fā)展路徑,持續推進(jìn)冰雪運動(dòng)發(fā)展,發(fā)展具有世界影響力的職業(yè)體育賽事。擴大體育消費,發(fā)展健身休閑、戶(hù)外運動(dòng)等體育產(chǎn)業(yè)。辦好北京冬奧會(huì )、冬殘奧會(huì )及杭州亞運會(huì )等。

The nationwide fitness-for-all campaign is needed to improve the people’s health. Efforts on health maintenance and disease prevention will be initiated at earlier stages through integrating sports and education, sports and healthcare, and sports and tourism. A sound public service system for fitness and sports requires more publicly accessible sports venues and facilities as well as school stadiums, for example, more fitness trails and other easily accessible fitness facilities, sports parks that suit local conditions, and public sports facilities on river fronts that do not affect flood control. A national physique monitoring and intervention program is underway, particularly among teenagers to ensure physical education classes on campus and extracurricular exercise hours. Regarding competitive sports, equal emphasis will be put on both academic education and professional training, and efforts will be made to increase the talent reserve for competitive sports, improve the competitive strength of athletes in key events, and maintain China’s dominance in sports it traditionally does well in. Other measures in this connection include exploring pathways for the development of football, basketball, and volleyball with Chinese characteristics, continuing to promote winter sports, and organizing internationally influential professional sports events. Fitness, recreation, outdoor sports, and other sports industries will be developed to encourage sports consumption. Works will be done to ensure the success of the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing, and the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.

第六節 深入開(kāi)展愛(ài)國衛生運動(dòng)

VI. Patriotic health campaigns

豐富愛(ài)國衛生工作內涵,促進(jìn)全民養成文明健康生活方式。加強公共衛生環(huán)境基礎設施建設,推進(jìn)城鄉環(huán)境衛生整治,強化病媒生物防制。深入推進(jìn)衛生城鎮創(chuàng )建。加強健康教育和健康知識普及,樹(shù)立良好飲食風(fēng)尚,制止餐飲浪費行為,開(kāi)展控煙限酒行動(dòng),堅決革除濫食野生動(dòng)物等陋習,推廣分餐公筷、垃圾分類(lèi)投放等生活習慣。

More diversified patriotic health campaigns will be carried out to encourage the public to lead a positive and healthy lifestyle. More support will be provided for infrastructure construction to ensure a good public health environment in urban and rural areas that meets hygiene standards and vector control requirements. Efforts will be ongoing to foster healthy towns. Health education and health knowledge will be more accessible, with a focus on encouraging good eating habits, opposing food and beverage waste, facilitating tobacco and alcohol control, putting an end to bad habits such as eating wild animals, and promoting the practice to order single portions of food in restaurants, use serving chopsticks, and conduct garbage sorting.

第四十五章 實(shí)施積極應對人口老齡化國家戰略

Chapter 45 A National Strategy in Response to Population Aging

制定人口長(cháng)期發(fā)展戰略,優(yōu)化生育政策,以“一老一小”為重點(diǎn)完善人口服務(wù)體系,促進(jìn)人口長(cháng)期均衡發(fā)展。

A long-term population strategy will be developed, including revised childbirth policies, to promote long-term and balanced population development and improve population services with a focus on elderly care and child care.

第一節 推動(dòng)實(shí)現適度生育水平

I. An appropriate birth rate

增強生育政策包容性,推動(dòng)生育政策與經(jīng)濟社會(huì )政策配套銜接,減輕家庭生育、養育、教育負擔,釋放生育政策潛力。完善幼兒養育、青少年發(fā)展、老人贍養、病殘照料等政策和產(chǎn)假制度,探索實(shí)施父母育兒假。改善優(yōu)生優(yōu)育全程服務(wù),加強孕前孕產(chǎn)期健康服務(wù),提高出生人口質(zhì)量。建立健全計劃生育特殊困難家庭全方位幫扶保障制度。改革完善人口統計和監測體系,密切監測生育形勢。深化人口發(fā)展戰略研究,健全人口與發(fā)展綜合決策機制。

Revised childbirth policies are more inclusive and will be implemented in tandem with economic and social policies to reduce the burden of child bearing, upbringing, and education on families, with potential spillover benefits. At the same time, efforts will continue to improve infant care, youth development, support for the elderly, and care for the sick and disabled, implement the maternity leave policy, and explore the possibility of mandating parental leave. A full range of services for maternal care, including preconception and postnatal care, and child development will be made available and easily accessible, to improve the health and wellbeing of the newborn population. Support will be provided to families facing special difficulties for the loss or disability of their only children. Related actions include improving population data collection and analysis, monitoring population trends, especially birth rate changes, and conducting research on population issues from a strategic perspective to inform decision-making with regard to population and development.

第二節 健全嬰幼兒發(fā)展政策

II. Infant development policies

發(fā)展普惠托育服務(wù)體系,健全支持嬰幼兒照護服務(wù)和早期發(fā)展的政策體系。加強對家庭照護和社區服務(wù)的支持指導,增強家庭科學(xué)育兒能力。嚴格落實(shí)城鎮小區配套園政策,積極發(fā)展多種形式的嬰幼兒照護服務(wù)機構,鼓勵有條件的用人單位提供嬰幼兒照護服務(wù),支持企事業(yè)單位和社會(huì )組織等社會(huì )力量提供普惠托育服務(wù),鼓勵幼兒園發(fā)展托幼一體化服務(wù)。推進(jìn)嬰幼兒照護服務(wù)專(zhuān)業(yè)化、規范化發(fā)展,提高保育保教質(zhì)量和水平。

Child care services will be made publicly accessible relying on improved policies for infant and child care services and childhood education. More support and guidance will be provided to at-home care and community services, with an aim to enhance scientific parenting. Supporting kindergartens will be set up in urban communities, as part of the effort to diversify infant and child care service institutions. Other measures include encouraging capable employers to provide infant and child care services, supporting enterprises, public institutions, social organizations, and other non-governmental forces to provide public accessible child care services, and encouraging kindergartens to incorporate child care services into their service system. Also important is to provide professional and standardized infant and child care services so as to ensure the quality and competence of care and education.

第三節 完善養老服務(wù)體系

III. Elderly care 

推動(dòng)養老事業(yè)和養老產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同發(fā)展,健全基本養老服務(wù)體系,大力發(fā)展普惠型養老服務(wù),支持家庭承擔養老功能,構建居家社區機構相協(xié)調、醫養康養相結合的養老服務(wù)體系。完善社區居家養老服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò ),推進(jìn)公共設施適老化改造,推動(dòng)專(zhuān)業(yè)機構服務(wù)向社區延伸,整合利用存量資源發(fā)展社區嵌入式養老。強化對失能、部分失能特困老年人的兜底保障,積極發(fā)展農村互助幸福院等互助性養老。深化公辦養老機構改革,提升服務(wù)能力和水平,完善公建民營(yíng)管理機制,支持培訓療養資源轉型發(fā)展養老,加強對護理型民辦養老機構的政策扶持,開(kāi)展普惠養老城企聯(lián)動(dòng)專(zhuān)項行動(dòng)。加強老年健康服務(wù),深入推進(jìn)醫養康養結合。加大養老護理型人才培養力度,擴大養老機構護理型床位供給,養老機構護理型床位占比提高到55%,更好滿(mǎn)足高齡失能失智老年人護理服務(wù)需求。逐步提升老年人福利水平,完善經(jīng)濟困難高齡失能老年人補貼制度和特殊困難失能留守老年人探訪(fǎng)關(guān)愛(ài)制度。健全養老服務(wù)綜合監管制度。構建養老、孝老、敬老的社會(huì )環(huán)境,強化老年人權益保障。綜合考慮人均預期壽命提高、人口老齡化趨勢加快、受教育年限增加、勞動(dòng)力結構變化等因素,按照小步調整、彈性實(shí)施、分類(lèi)推進(jìn)、統籌兼顧等原則,逐步延遲法定退休年齡,促進(jìn)人力資源充分利用。發(fā)展銀發(fā)經(jīng)濟,開(kāi)發(fā)適老化技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品,培育智慧養老等新業(yè)態(tài)。

Efforts will be made to coordinate elderly care programs and elderly care industries, improve the basic elderly care service system, make elderly care services more publicly accessible, and support at-home elderly care, so as to build an elderly care service system that coordinates home care and community services and integrates medical care and health care. The network of community-based, at-home elderly care services will be improved, supported by elderly-friendly public facilities, services from professional institutions, and idle resources for community-embedded elderly care. Subsistence allowances will be provided for disabled and partially disabled elderly people in extreme poverty. Rural happiness homes and other forms of mutual-aid elderly care will be developed. Reform will be rolled out in state-run elderly care institutions to improve their service capacity and quality. The government-enterprise joint campaign for public accessible elderly care will be launched, among which the private sector are encouraged to run government-funded elderly care institutions, training and recuperation institutions are welcomed to reorient to offer elderly care services, and policy support will provided for private nursing care institutions for the elderly. Medical care and health care will be better integrated to improve health services for the elderly. Talent training for elderly nursing will be intensified. The supply of nursing beds in elderly care institutions will be increased, with an aim to raise the proportion to 55%, so as to better meet the nursing service needs of the elderly with disability and dementia. Steadily, the welfare of the elderly will be improved, with a sound subsidy system for the disabled elderly with financial difficulties, and the visit and care system for the disabled elderly with special difficulties left behind in rural areas. The comprehensive regulatory system for elderly care services is needed for a social environment in which the elderly are respected and cared for, and live happily, and in which their rights and interests are ensured. By taking into account the increase in life expectancy per capita, the accelerated population aging trend, the increased education years, the change of labor force structure, and other factors, and in accordance with the principles of implementing flexible, tailored policies for different groups, considering all factors, and making overall plans, the statutory retirement age will be raised in a phased manner to give full play to the potential of human resources. The silver economy is emerging, requiring elderly-friendly technologies and products and smart elderly care services and other new business models.

第十四篇 增進(jìn)民生福祉 提升共建共治共享水平

Part XIV A Focus on the People's Wellbeing: a Participatory Approach 

堅持盡力而為、量力而行,健全基本公共服務(wù)體系,加強普惠性、基礎性、兜底性民生建設,完善共建共治共享的社會(huì )治理制度,制定促進(jìn)共同富裕行動(dòng)綱要,自覺(jué)主動(dòng)縮小地區、城鄉和收入差距,讓發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民,不斷增強人民群眾獲得感、幸福感、安全感。

Basic public services are essential to improving the wellbeing of our people. Best efforts will be made within the limits of the available resources to upgrade and expand these services to ensure universal access and inclusiveness, so that the people's essential needs are met and no one is left behind. Public participation in governance will be encouraged to promote collaboration and synergy in building shared prosperity. An action plan for shared prosperity will focus on narrowing the development gap between different regions and between urban and rural areas, as well as the income gap between rich and poor households, so that development gains will benefit everyone in a fair manner, and help create a greater sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security.

第四十六章 健全國家公共服務(wù)制度體系

Chapter 46 National Public Services 

加快補齊基本公共服務(wù)短板,著(zhù)力增強非基本公共服務(wù)弱項,努力提升公共服務(wù)質(zhì)量和水平。

It is crucial to improve the quality and standards of public services by addressing weaknesses in both basic and non-basic public services.

第一節 提高基本公共服務(wù)均等化水平

I. Equitable access to basic public services

推動(dòng)城鄉區域基本公共服務(wù)制度統一、質(zhì)量水平有效銜接。圍繞公共教育、就業(yè)創(chuàng )業(yè)、社會(huì )保險、醫療衛生、社會(huì )服務(wù)、住房保障、公共文化體育、優(yōu)撫安置、殘疾人服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域,建立健全基本公共服務(wù)標準體系,明確國家標準并建立動(dòng)態(tài)調整機制,推動(dòng)標準水平城鄉區域間銜接平衡。按照常住人口規模和服務(wù)半徑統籌基本公共服務(wù)設施布局和共建共享,促進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)資源向基層延伸、向農村覆蓋、向邊遠地區和生活困難群眾傾斜。

Efforts will be made to ensure that comparable quality basic public services are provided in both urban and rural areas and across regions. National standards and benchmarks will be developed and/or readjusted, wherever and whenever necessary, against which provision of public services, including public education, employment and entrepreneurship development services, social insurance, healthcare, social services, housing, culture and sports, veteran services, and disability services, among others, is evaluated to ensure the uniformity of standards being applied and equity in service delivery in urban and rural areas and across different regions. Deployment of basic public services will be based on the area and number of residents to be covered. More resources will be made available at the community level and deployed to rural areas and remote areas to help, in particular, disadvantaged groups and individuals.

第二節 創(chuàng )新公共服務(wù)提供方式

II. Innovative public service delivery 

區分基本與非基本,突出政府在基本公共服務(wù)供給保障中的主體地位,推動(dòng)非基本公共服務(wù)提供主體多元化、提供方式多樣化。在育幼、養老等供需矛盾突出的服務(wù)領(lǐng)域,支持社會(huì )力量擴大普惠性規范性服務(wù)供給,保障提供普惠性規范性服務(wù)的各類(lèi)機構平等享受優(yōu)惠政策。鼓勵社會(huì )力量通過(guò)公建民營(yíng)、政府購買(mǎi)服務(wù)、政府和社會(huì )資本合作等方式參與公共服務(wù)供給。深化公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域事業(yè)單位改革,營(yíng)造事業(yè)單位與社會(huì )力量公平競爭的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。

By distinguishing basic public services from non-basic public services, it is crucial to highlight the government’s dominant role in guaranteeing the supply of basic public services and welcome diverse providers and methods of non-basic public services. In child care, elderly care, and other services that see the prominent imbalance between supply and demand, support will be provided for the private sector to supply more public accessible and standardized services by various means, including running government-funded institutions, government procurement of services, and public-private partnership, and ensure that all providers of such services enjoy equal preferential policies. Deepened reform is needed for public institutions to provide public services, so they could compete in the market with the private sector in a fair manner.

第三節 完善公共服務(wù)政策保障體系

III. Policies to support public services

優(yōu)化財政支出結構,優(yōu)先保障基本公共服務(wù)補短板。明確中央和地方在公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域事權和支出責任,加大中央和省級財政對基層政府提供基本公共服務(wù)的財力支持。將更多公共服務(wù)項目納入政府購買(mǎi)服務(wù)指導性目錄,加大政府購買(mǎi)力度,完善財政、融資和土地等優(yōu)惠政策。在資格準入、職稱(chēng)評定、土地供給、財政支持、政府采購、監督管理等方面公平對待民辦與公辦機構。

An optimized structure of government spending will give priority to the funding for addressing weaknesses in basic public services. In the field of public services, the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments will be defined, with increasing financial support from the central and provincial governments to local governments in providing basic public services. More public service programs will be included in the list that guides government procurement of services, to encourage an increase in government procurement and improved preferential policies on fiscal funding, financing, and land use. Private and public institutions will enjoy fair treatment in qualification access, professional title appraisal, land supply, financial support, government procurement, and supervision and management, among other aspects.

第四十七章 實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰略

Chapter 47 An Employment-First Strategy

健全有利于更充分更高質(zhì)量就業(yè)的促進(jìn)機制,擴大就業(yè)容量,提升就業(yè)質(zhì)量,緩解結構性就業(yè)矛盾。

Effective measures will be taken to create more employment opportunities, especially high-quality jobs, and overcome any structural barriers to job creation. 

第一節 強化就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策

I. Policies to encourage employment creation

堅持經(jīng)濟發(fā)展就業(yè)導向,健全就業(yè)目標責任考核機制和就業(yè)影響評估機制。完善高校畢業(yè)生、退役軍人、農民工等重點(diǎn)群體就業(yè)支持體系。完善與就業(yè)容量掛鉤的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,支持吸納就業(yè)能力強的服務(wù)業(yè)、中小微企業(yè)和勞動(dòng)密集型企業(yè)發(fā)展,穩定拓展社區超市、便利店和社區服務(wù)崗位。促進(jìn)平等就業(yè),增加高質(zhì)量就業(yè),注重發(fā)展技能密集型產(chǎn)業(yè),支持和規范發(fā)展新就業(yè)形態(tài),擴大政府購買(mǎi)基層教育、醫療和專(zhuān)業(yè)化社會(huì )服務(wù)規模。建立促進(jìn)創(chuàng )業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)、多渠道靈活就業(yè)機制,全面清理各類(lèi)限制性政策,增強勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)包容性。統籌城鄉就業(yè)政策,積極引導農村勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)。擴大公益性崗位安置,著(zhù)力幫扶殘疾人、零就業(yè)家庭成員等困難人員就業(yè)。

Economic development must be employment-oriented. Mechanisms will be established to assess whether employment targets are met and how employment is impacted. Employment support for college graduates, veterans, migrant workers, and other key groups will remain a priority. Policies will be devised to encourage businesses to create employment opportunities, provide support for businesses that employ a large number of people, such as service industries, MSMEs, and labor-intensive enterprises, and expand job opportunities in community supermarkets, convenience stores, and community services. Measures will be taken to promote equal employment, increase high-quality employment, support the growth of skill-intensive industries and the development of new forms of employment, expand government procurement in areas such as primary-level education, medical care, and specialized social services, encourage entrepreneurship as a way to create jobs, bolster flexible employment through multiple channels, remove any restrictive policies that hinder job creation, and make the labor market more inclusive. Urban and rural employment policies will be better aligned to ensure mutual complementarity, and more support will be available to rural workers in their search for jobs. More public welfare jobs will be created and special support will be provided to people having difficulty finding employment, especially people with disabilities and members of families without a single bread earner.

第二節 健全就業(yè)公共服務(wù)體系

II. Public employment services 

健全覆蓋城鄉的就業(yè)公共服務(wù)體系,加強基層公共就業(yè)創(chuàng )業(yè)服務(wù)平臺建設,為勞動(dòng)者和企業(yè)免費提供政策咨詢(xún)、職業(yè)介紹、用工指導等服務(wù)。構建常態(tài)化援企穩崗幫扶機制,統籌用好就業(yè)補助資金和失業(yè)保險基金。健全勞務(wù)輸入集中區域與勞務(wù)輸出省份對接協(xié)調機制,加強勞動(dòng)力跨區域精準對接。加強勞動(dòng)者權益保障,健全勞動(dòng)合同制度和勞動(dòng)關(guān)系協(xié)調機制,完善欠薪治理長(cháng)效機制和勞動(dòng)爭議調解仲裁制度,探索建立新業(yè)態(tài)從業(yè)人員勞動(dòng)權益保障機制。健全就業(yè)需求調查和失業(yè)監測預警機制。

More support will be provided to the community-level public employment and entrepreneurship service platforms which offer free policy consultation, job introduction, and employment guidance for employees and enterprises, so as to improve the public employment service system covering both urban and rural areas. A regular mechanism assisting enterprises to stabilize employment will be established by making good use of employment subsidies and unemployment insurance funds. Efforts will be made to coordinate both ends of labor transfer to realize cross-regional connectivity. Measures to protect labor rights and interests include improving the labor contract system, the labor relations coordination mechanism, the long-term mechanism for controlling arrears of wages, and the labor dispute mediation and arbitration system, and exploring ways to protect the labor rights and interests of employees under new business models. Progress will be made in the employment demand survey and unemployment monitoring and early warning mechanism.

第三節 全面提升勞動(dòng)者就業(yè)創(chuàng )業(yè)能力

III. Development of employability skills and entrepreneurship 

健全終身技能培訓制度,持續大規模開(kāi)展職業(yè)技能培訓。深入實(shí)施職業(yè)技能提升行動(dòng)和重點(diǎn)群體專(zhuān)項培訓計劃,廣泛開(kāi)展新業(yè)態(tài)新模式從業(yè)人員技能培訓,有效提高培訓質(zhì)量。統籌各級各類(lèi)職業(yè)技能培訓資金,創(chuàng )新使用方式,暢通培訓補貼直達企業(yè)和培訓者渠道。健全培訓經(jīng)費稅前扣除政策,鼓勵企業(yè)開(kāi)展崗位技能提升培訓。支持開(kāi)展訂單式、套餐制培訓。建設一批公共實(shí)訓基地和產(chǎn)教融合基地,推動(dòng)培訓資源共建共享。辦好全國職業(yè)技能大賽。

As part of the effort of the lifelong skills training system, continuous vocational skills training will be carried out on a large scale, including campaigns to improve vocational skills, targeted training programs for key groups, extensive skills training for employees working in new forms and models of business, with a focus on improving training quality. Funds will be coordinated and used in innovative ways for vocational skills training programs at all levels and of all types, with the aim to ensure that training subsidies are channeled directly to enterprises and participants. Through improved policy on pre-tax deductions for training funds, enterprises will be encouraged to launch training programs to improve the skills of their employees. Other measures in this connection include supporting demand-based and customized training, establishing a batch of public training bases and bases that align classroom education with real world needs to promote the contribution and sharing of training resources, and ensuring the success of national competitions on vocational skills.

第四十八章 優(yōu)化收入分配結構

Chapter 48 Improving the Income Distribution Structure 

堅持居民收入增長(cháng)和經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)基本同步、勞動(dòng)報酬提高和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高基本同步,持續提高低收入群體收入,擴大中等收入群體,更加積極有為地促進(jìn)共同富裕。

It is important to ensure that personal income grows in step with economic growth and that workers’ compensation rises in tandem with the increase in labor productivity. It is also important to continue to increase the income of low-income groups while expanding the size of the middle-income group in an effort to bring prosperity to all. 

第一節 拓展居民收入增長(cháng)渠道

I. More opportunities to increase income

堅持按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存,提高勞動(dòng)報酬在初次分配中的比重。健全工資決定、合理增長(cháng)和支付保障機制,完善最低工資標準和工資指導線(xiàn)形成機制,積極推行工資集體協(xié)商制度。完善按要素分配政策制度,健全各類(lèi)生產(chǎn)要素由市場(chǎng)決定報酬的機制,探索通過(guò)土地、資本等要素使用權、收益權增加中低收入群體要素收入。完善國有企業(yè)市場(chǎng)化薪酬分配機制,普遍實(shí)行全員績(jì)效管理。改革完善體現崗位績(jì)效和分級分類(lèi)管理的事業(yè)單位薪酬制度。規范勞務(wù)派遣用工行為,保障勞動(dòng)者同工同酬。多渠道增加城鄉居民財產(chǎn)性收入,提高農民土地增值收益分享比例,完善上市公司分紅制度,創(chuàng )新更多適應家庭財富管理需求的金融產(chǎn)品。完善國有資本收益上繳公共財政制度,加大公共財政支出用于民生保障力度。

The system in which distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist will see an increase in the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution. To better decide and increase wages, as well as secure the payment, it is needed to improve the mechanism for developing the minimum wage standard and wage guidelines, and determining wages through collective discussion. Efforts will be made to improve the mechanism whereby remuneration for various factors of production is determined by the market, and explore ways to increase the income of low-and-middle-income groups through their rights to use and benefit from land, capital, and other production factors, so as to improve distribution policies and systems based on production factors. In state-owned enterprises, the market-oriented salary distribution mechanism will be improved, and the performance-based evaluation system of employees will be implemented across the board. In public institutions, reform aims to improve the salary system to reflect job performance, position level, and job category. Standards will be set for labor dispatch and employment to ensure equal pay for equal work. More channels will be opened to increase the property income of urban and rural residents, including raising the proportion of farmers’ share in land value-added revenue, improving the dividend system of listed companies, and developing more innovative financial products to meet the needs of family wealth management. The system by which state capital gains are turned over to public finance will be improved so as to increase public spending in people’s wellbeing.

第二節 擴大中等收入群體

II. Expanding the rank of middle-income earners

實(shí)施擴大中等收入群體行動(dòng)計劃,以高校和職業(yè)院校畢業(yè)生、技能型勞動(dòng)者、農民工等為重點(diǎn),不斷提高中等收入群體比重。提高高校、職業(yè)院校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)匹配度和勞動(dòng)參與率。拓寬技術(shù)工人上升通道,暢通非公有制經(jīng)濟組織、社會(huì )組織、自由職業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱(chēng)申報和技能等級認定渠道,提高技能型人才待遇水平和社會(huì )地位。實(shí)施高素質(zhì)農民培育計劃,運用農業(yè)農村資源和現代經(jīng)營(yíng)方式增加收入。完善小微創(chuàng )業(yè)者扶持政策,支持個(gè)體工商戶(hù)、靈活就業(yè)人員等群體勤勞致富。

An initiative to expand the rank of the middle-income earners and consistently increase its proportion will be launched, with the focus on graduates from regular universities and vocational schools, skilled workers, and migrant workers. Support will be provided for graduates from universities and vocational schools to help them find jobs, in particular those suiting their academic background. Efforts will be made to offer more opportunities for skilled workers, especially those in non-public economic organizations, social organizations, and freelance professionals and technicians, to apply for professional titles and qualification certificates for promotion, raising their benefits and social status. A program to develop competent farmers will be launched to help them use agricultural and rural resources and modern operation methods to increase their income. Policies will be devised to support small and micro startups, and support groups such as self-employed individuals and workers in flexible employment, to embark on the journey of prosperity through hard work.

第三節 完善再分配機制

III. A more rational wealth and income redistribution mechanism

加大稅收、社會(huì )保障、轉移支付等調節力度和精準性,發(fā)揮慈善等第三次分配作用,改善收入和財富分配格局。健全直接稅體系,完善綜合與分類(lèi)相結合的個(gè)人所得稅制度,加強對高收入者的稅收調節和監管。增強社會(huì )保障待遇和服務(wù)的公平性可及性,完善兜底保障標準動(dòng)態(tài)調整機制。規范收入分配秩序,保護合法收入,合理調節過(guò)高收入,取締非法收入,遏制以壟斷和不正當競爭行為獲取收入。建立完善個(gè)人收入和財產(chǎn)信息系統。健全現代支付和收入監測體系。

The distribution pattern of income and wealth will be improved, benefiting from more intense and accurate adjustments to taxation, social security, and transfer payments, and the role of charity in the third distribution. Measures will be taken to advance the direct tax system by improving the system for taxing personal income on the basis of both adjusted gross income and specific types of income, and strengthening tax regulation and supervision of high-income individuals. With dynamically adjusted standards in response to the basic needs, social security benefits and services will become fairer and more accessible. The income distribution order will be well-regulated to protect legitimate income, regulate excessive income in a reasonable manner, ban illegal income, and curb income obtained by means of monopoly and unfair competition. A sound system of information on personal income and property will be established and the modern payment and income monitoring system will be perfected.

第四十九章 健全多層次社會(huì )保障體系

Chapter 49 A Multi-Tiered Social Security System

堅持應保盡保原則,按照兜底線(xiàn)、織密網(wǎng)、建機制的要求,加快健全覆蓋全民、統籌城鄉、公平統一、可持續的多層次社會(huì )保障體系。

Our bottom line is to protect the most vulnerable, expand social security coverage, and improve protection mechanisms to prevent anyone from being left behind. To this end, it is essential to build a sustainable, multi-tiered universal social security system with integrated urban and rural coverage, and with clearly defined rights and responsibilities for all actors involved.

第一節 改革完善社會(huì )保險制度

I. Social insurance 

健全養老保險制度體系,促進(jìn)基本養老保險基金長(cháng)期平衡。實(shí)現基本養老保險全國統籌,放寬靈活就業(yè)人員參保條件,實(shí)現社會(huì )保險法定人群全覆蓋。完善劃轉國有資本充實(shí)社?；鹬贫?優(yōu)化做強社會(huì )保障戰略?xún)浠?。完善城鎮職工基本養老金合理調整機制,逐步提高城鄉居民基礎養老金標準。發(fā)展多層次、多支柱養老保險體系,提高企業(yè)年金覆蓋率,規范發(fā)展第三支柱養老保險。推進(jìn)失業(yè)保險、工傷保險向職業(yè)勞動(dòng)者廣覆蓋,實(shí)現省級統籌。推進(jìn)社保轉移接續,完善全國統一的社會(huì )保險公共服務(wù)平臺。

The old-age insurance system will be improved to ensure the long-term balance of basic insurance funds. The coordinated national management of basic old-age insurance funds will be achieved. Restrictions preventing workers in flexible employment from participating in the insurance system will be reduced. Social insurance will cover the entire legally eligible population. The system for transferring state capital to increase social security funds will be improved to upgrade and strengthen social security strategic reserve fund. Adjustments to the basic pension for urban workers will be more reasonable, leading to a raising pension standard for urban and rural residents. A multi-tiered and multi-pillar old-age insurance system will take shape, which will see an increase in the coverage ratio of enterprise annuity, and the well-regulated private pensions as the third pillar. The coverage of unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance for professional workers will be expanded, and relevant plans will be made at the provincial level. Efforts will be made to promote the transfer and continuation of social security and improve the unified national platform on social insurance public services.

第二節 優(yōu)化社會(huì )救助和慈善制度

II. Social assistance and charity 

以城鄉低保對象、特殊困難人員、低收入家庭為重點(diǎn),健全分層分類(lèi)的社會(huì )救助體系,構建綜合救助格局。健全基本生活救助制度和醫療、教育、住房、就業(yè)、受災人員等專(zhuān)項救助制度,完善救助標準和救助對象動(dòng)態(tài)調整機制。健全臨時(shí)救助政策措施,強化急難社會(huì )救助功能。加強城鄉救助體系統籌,逐步實(shí)現常住地救助申領(lǐng)。積極發(fā)展服務(wù)類(lèi)社會(huì )救助,推進(jìn)政府購買(mǎi)社會(huì )救助服務(wù)。促進(jìn)慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展,完善財稅等激勵政策。規范發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò )慈善平臺,加強彩票和公益金管理。

The tiered and classified social assistance system will be perfected, with the focus on urban and rural recipients of minimum subsistence allowances, people in special difficulties, and low-income families, so as to form a comprehensive pattern of assistance. A sound basic living assistance system and the special assistance system for medical treatment, education, housing, employment, and disaster victims, will be established, based on dynamic adjustments to criteria for assistance and the list of aid recipients. Temporary relief policies and measures will be taken to strengthen the functions of emergency social relief. We will coordinate the urban and rural relief systems, gradually allowing applicants to apply for and receive relief from the local governments of their permanent residence. Active actions will be taken to provide service-oriented social assistance and boost the government procurement of social assistance services. Philanthropy will be encouraged. Fiscal and taxation incentive policies will be improved, and standards will be set for online charity platforms to better management lottery and public welfare funds.

第三節 健全退役軍人工作體系和保障制度

III. Veteran services and support 

完善退役軍人事務(wù)組織管理體系、工作運行體系和政策制度體系,提升退役軍人服務(wù)保障水平。深化退役軍人安置制度改革,加大教育培訓和就業(yè)扶持力度,拓展就業(yè)領(lǐng)域,提升安置質(zhì)量。建立健全新型待遇保障體系,完善和落實(shí)優(yōu)撫政策,合理提高退役軍人和其他優(yōu)撫對象待遇標準,做好隨調配偶子女工作安排、落戶(hù)和教育等工作。完善離退休軍人和傷病殘退役軍人移交安置、收治休養制度,加強退役軍人服務(wù)中心(站)建設,提升優(yōu)撫醫院、光榮院、軍供站等建設服務(wù)水平。加強退役軍人保險制度銜接。大力弘揚英烈精神,加強烈士紀念設施建設和管護,建設軍人公墓。深入推動(dòng)雙擁模范城(縣)創(chuàng )建。

Regarding veteran affairs, efforts will be made to improve the organization and management system, work operation system, and policy system, so as to enhance the service and support for veterans. Further reform will be rolled out in the employment service system for veterans to help them find better jobs by providing greater support in terms of education, training, and employment assistance as well as by offering job opportunities in more diversified sectors. A new type of system for ensuring benefits to eligible groups will be established to improve and implement preferential treatment policies, appropriately raise the standards of benefits for veterans and other entitled groups, and make great efforts in job arrangement, household registration and education of their spouses and children. Measures will be taken to improve transfer, resettlement, treatment, and recuperation of veterans and disabled veterans, including developing service centers (stations) for demobilized veterans and improving the services and facilities of special care hospitals, glory hospitals, and military supply stations. Other related actions include strengthening convergence of the insurance system for ex-service members, carrying forward the spirit of martyrs, enhancing the construction, management, protecting memorial facilities for martyrs, building military cemeteries, and forming model cities (counties) of mutual support between the civilians and the military.

第五十章 保障婦女未成年人和殘疾人基本權益

Chapter 50 Basic Rights and Interests of Women, Children, and People with Disabilities

堅持男女平等基本國策,堅持兒童優(yōu)先發(fā)展,提升殘疾人關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)水平,切實(shí)保障婦女、未成年人、殘疾人等群體發(fā)展權利和機會(huì )。

Gender equality, child development, and disability care, among others, are key components of our national policy to protect the rights of disadvantaged groups, including women, children, and people with disabilities, and give them opportunities to thrive.

第一節 促進(jìn)男女平等和婦女全面發(fā)展

I. Gender equality and development of women

深入實(shí)施婦女發(fā)展綱要,持續改善婦女發(fā)展環(huán)境,促進(jìn)婦女平等依法行使權利、參與經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展、共享發(fā)展成果。保障婦女享有衛生健康服務(wù),完善宮頸癌、乳腺癌綜合防治體系和救助政策。保障婦女平等享有受教育權利,持續提高受教育年限和綜合能力素質(zhì)。保障婦女平等享有經(jīng)濟權益,消除就業(yè)性別歧視,依法享有產(chǎn)假和生育津貼,保障農村婦女土地權益。保障婦女平等享有政治權利,推動(dòng)婦女廣泛參與社會(huì )事務(wù)和民主管理。落實(shí)法規政策性別平等評估機制,完善分性別統計制度。提高留守婦女關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)水平。嚴厲打擊侵害婦女和女童人身權利的違法犯罪行為。

The Program for the Development of Chinese Women will be implemented for a continuously improved environment for women’s development, in which women are able to exercise their rights, participate in economic and social development, and benefit from the development outcomes on an equal basis in accordance with the law. Women’s access to health services will be ensured, in particular to comprehensive prevention and treatment of cervical and breast cancers and relevant relief policies. Women will be guaranteed to have equal right to education and see an increase in their number of years of schooling as well as their overall ability and quality. Women will be guaranteed to enjoy equal economic rights and interests, be free from gender discrimination in employment, and enjoy law-based maternity leave and maternity allowance. Rural women’s land rights and interests will be protected. Women will be guaranteed to enjoy equal political rights and largely participate in social affairs and democratic management. Mechanisms for assessing gender equality in laws and policies will be implemented. And the gender-specific data collection system will be improved. Efforts will be made to ensure quality care services for women left behind in rural areas, and crack down on illegal and criminal acts infringing upon the personal rights of women and girls. 

第二節 提升未成年人關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)水平

II. Child development services and support

深入實(shí)施兒童發(fā)展綱要,優(yōu)化兒童發(fā)展環(huán)境,切實(shí)保障兒童生存權、發(fā)展權、受保護權和參與權。完善兒童健康服務(wù)體系,預防和控制兒童疾病,減少兒童死亡和嚴重出生缺陷發(fā)生,有效控制兒童肥胖和近視,實(shí)施學(xué)齡前兒童營(yíng)養改善計劃。保障兒童公平受教育權利,加強兒童心理健康教育和服務(wù)。加強困境兒童分類(lèi)保障,完善農村留守兒童關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)體系,健全孤兒和事實(shí)無(wú)人撫養兒童保障機制。完善落實(shí)未成年人監護制度,嚴厲打擊侵害未成年人權益的違法犯罪行為,完善未成年人綜合保護體系。深入實(shí)施青年發(fā)展規劃,促進(jìn)青年全面發(fā)展,搭建青年成長(cháng)成才和建功立業(yè)的平臺,激發(fā)青年創(chuàng )新創(chuàng )業(yè)活力。

The China National Program for Child Development will be implemented for an enabling environment for children’s development, ensuring children’s rights to survival, development, protection, and participation. Improvements will be made to the children’s health service system, so as to prevent and control children’s diseases, reduce the incidence of children’s death and serious birth defects, control children’s obesity and myopia, and implement the nutrition improvement plan for preschool children. Measures will be taken to safeguard children’s right to equal access to education and strengthen education and services for children’s psychological health. Children suffering from difficulties will be under protection on a categorized basis, among whom the left behind children in rural areas will be under the care service system, and orphans and de facto unattended children under another protection mechanism. Other measures include implementing and improving the guardianship system for children, combating illegal and criminal acts that infringe on the rights and interests of children, and improving the comprehensive children protection system. With regard to the youth, the Youth Development Program will be implemented to promote the all-round development of young people, and build a platform for their growth and success to release their potential in innovation and starting businesses.

第三節 加強家庭建設

III. Family support services

以建設文明家庭、實(shí)施科學(xué)家教、傳承優(yōu)良家風(fēng)為重點(diǎn),深入實(shí)施家家幸福安康工程。構建支持家庭發(fā)展的法律政策體系,推進(jìn)家庭教育立法進(jìn)程,加大反家庭暴力法實(shí)施力度,加強婚姻家庭輔導服務(wù),預防和化解婚姻家庭矛盾糾紛。構建覆蓋城鄉的家庭教育指導服務(wù)體系,健全學(xué)校家庭社會(huì )協(xié)同育人機制。促進(jìn)家庭服務(wù)多元化發(fā)展。充分發(fā)揮家庭家教家風(fēng)在基層社會(huì )治理中的作用。

The Happy Family program will be implemented, focusing on building civilized families, implementing scientific tutoring, and inheriting good family traditions. A legal and policy system to support family development will be built to promote the process of family education legislation, strengthen the implementation of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law, improve marriage and family counseling services, and prevent and resolve marriage and family conflicts and disputes. Family education guidance will be provided in urban and rural areas, and the mechanism of school-family-community cooperative education will be improved. Diversified family services will be provided. The role of families, family education, and family traditions in social governance at the community level will be given full play.

第四節 提升殘疾人保障和發(fā)展能力

IV. Support for people with disabilities

健全殘疾人幫扶制度,幫助殘疾人普遍參加基本醫療和基本養老保險,動(dòng)態(tài)調整困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼標準。完善殘疾人就業(yè)支持體系,加強殘疾人勞動(dòng)權益保障,優(yōu)先為殘疾人提供職業(yè)技能培訓,扶持殘疾人自主創(chuàng )業(yè)。推進(jìn)適齡殘疾兒童和少年教育全覆蓋,提升特殊教育質(zhì)量。建成康復大學(xué),促進(jìn)康復服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化發(fā)展,提高康復輔助器具適配率,提升康復服務(wù)質(zhì)量。開(kāi)展重度殘疾人托養照護服務(wù)。加強殘疾人服務(wù)設施和綜合服務(wù)能力建設,完善無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設和維護政策體系,支持困難殘疾人家庭無(wú)障礙設施改造。

The assistance system for people with disabilities will be improved to help them participate in the system of basic medical care and basic old-age insurance, and make dynamic adjustments to the standards of living allowances for the disabled in need and nursing subsidies for the severely disabled. Employment support will be offered to the disabled, including better protecting their labor rights and interests, prioritizing vocational skills training, and supporting them to start their own businesses. Full coverage of education for school-age disabled children and adolescents will be achieved with higher education quality. With regard to rehabilitation, efforts will be made to build universities, promote the market-oriented development of rehabilitation services, raise the application rate of rehabilitation assistive devices, and improve the quality of rehabilitation services. Care services will be offered for the severely disabled. Measures will be taken to provide the disabled with quality services and service facilities, including improving the policy system for the building and maintenance of accessible environment, and equipping families with disabled people with accessible facilities. 

第五十一章 構建基層社會(huì )治理新格局

Chapter 51 Community-Level Participatory Governance

健全黨組織領(lǐng)導的自治、法治、德治相結合的城鄉基層社會(huì )治理體系,完善基層民主協(xié)商制度,建設人人有責、人人盡責、人人享有的社會(huì )治理共同體。

Community-level participatory governance will continue to be improved in urban and rural areas under the leadership of Party organizations with an emphasis on self-governance, rule of law, and ethical standards to facilitate public participation and community-level democratic consultation, so as to empower everyone to take ownership to contribute to the common good. 

第一節 夯實(shí)基層社會(huì )治理基礎

I. A framework for community-level participatory governance

健全黨組織領(lǐng)導、村(居)委會(huì )主導、人民群眾為主體的基層社會(huì )治理框架。依法厘清基層政府與基層群眾性自治組織的權責邊界,制定縣(區)職能部門(mén)、鄉鎮(街道)在城鄉社區治理方面的權責清單制度,實(shí)行工作事項準入制度,減輕基層特別是村級組織負擔。加強基層群眾性自治組織規范化建設,合理確定其功能、規模和事務(wù)范圍。加強基層群眾自治機制建設,完善村(居)民議事會(huì )、理事會(huì )、監督委員會(huì )等自治載體,健全村(居)民參與社會(huì )治理的組織形式和制度化渠道。

The framework of community-level participatory governance will continue to be improved under the leadership of Party organizations, with village (neighborhood) committees playing the leading role and the people as the main participants. Efforts will be made to reduce the burden on the community-level, especially village-level organizations, i.e., clarifying the powers and responsibilities of local governments and community-level self-governing organizations in accordance with the law and including the clarified powers and responsibilities in urban and rural community governance in a list for functional departments of counties (districts) and townships (sub-districts) so that they can have a better idea of what they need or need not to do. The community-level self-governing organizations will be better regulated with reasonably defined functions, scale, and responsibilities. Mechanisms of community-level self-governance will be enhanced by improving the vehicles for self-governance such as village (neighborhood) people’s meetings, councils, and oversight committees to better organize and provide institutional channels for village (neighborhood) people to participate in the governance.

第二節 健全社區管理和服務(wù)機制

II. Community development and services 

推動(dòng)社會(huì )治理和服務(wù)重心下移、資源下沉,提高城鄉社區精準化精細化服務(wù)管理能力。推進(jìn)審批權限和公共服務(wù)事項向基層延伸,構建網(wǎng)格化管理、精細化服務(wù)、信息化支撐、開(kāi)放共享的基層管理服務(wù)平臺,推動(dòng)就業(yè)社保、養老托育、扶殘助殘、醫療衛生、家政服務(wù)、物流商超、治安執法、糾紛調處、心理援助等便民服務(wù)場(chǎng)景有機集成和精準對接。完善城市社區居委會(huì )職能,督促業(yè)委會(huì )和物業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)履行職責,改進(jìn)社區物業(yè)服務(wù)管理。構建專(zhuān)職化、專(zhuān)業(yè)化的城鄉社區工作者隊伍。

Efforts will be made to realize the downward shift of focus of participatory governance and services and channel resources down to the community level to provide well-targeted and refined services for the urban and rural community development. The community level will be allowed to have approval authority and address public service items, thus giving rise to an open and information-based system providing a gridded management model and better services for everyone. The system will achieve the integration and connectivity of the service scenarios for the convenience of residents, including employment and social security, elderly care, child care, disability assistance, health care, domestic services, logistics, supermarkets, public security and law enforcement, dispute mediation, and psychological assistance. With regard to building a team of full-time, professional community workers in urban and rural areas, the functions of neighborhood committees in urban communities will be improved, and owner committees and property service enterprises will be urged to perform their duties, so as to improve community property services and management.

第三節 積極引導社會(huì )力量參與基層治理

III. Participation of non-governmental actors in community-level governance

發(fā)揮群團組織和社會(huì )組織在社會(huì )治理中的作用,暢通和規范市場(chǎng)主體、新社會(huì )階層、社會(huì )工作者和志愿者等參與社會(huì )治理的途徑,全面激發(fā)基層社會(huì )治理活力。培育規范化行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì )商會(huì )、公益慈善組織、城鄉社區社會(huì )組織,加強財政補助、購買(mǎi)服務(wù)、稅收優(yōu)惠、人才保障等政策支持和事中事后監管。支持和發(fā)展社會(huì )工作服務(wù)機構和志愿服務(wù)組織,壯大志愿者隊伍,搭建更多志愿服務(wù)平臺,健全志愿服務(wù)體系。

The role of people’s organizations and social organizations, including market entities, new social strata, social workers, and volunteers in participatory governance will be given full play, through more smooth and well-regulated participatory channels. In this way, the vitality of community-level participatory governance is released across the board. Standards will be set for industry associations, chambers of commerce, public welfare organizations, and social organizations in urban and rural communities, accompanied with policy support and on-going and ex-post oversight on financial subsidies, service procurement, tax incentives, and talent protection. Support will be given to develop social work service institutions and volunteering organizations to expand the volunteer teams, build more platforms for voluntary services, and improve the voluntary service system.

第十五篇 統籌發(fā)展和安全 建設更高水平的平安中國

Part XV An Integrated Approach to Development and Security 

堅持總體國家安全觀(guān),實(shí)施國家安全戰略,維護和塑造國家安全,統籌傳統安全和非傳統安全,把安全發(fā)展貫穿國家發(fā)展各領(lǐng)域和全過(guò)程,防范和化解影響我國現代化進(jìn)程的各種風(fēng)險,筑牢國家安全屏障。

A holistic approach to national security calls for the integration of national security imperatives into every aspect of national development, so as to be better able to implement our national security strategy, safeguard national security, respond effectively to both traditional and non-traditional threats, and forestall any challenges to China’s modernization.

第五十二章 加強國家安全體系和能力建設

Chapter 52 National Security and Capacity-building

堅持政治安全、人民安全、國家利益至上有機統一,以人民安全為宗旨,以政治安全為根本,以經(jīng)濟安全為基礎,以軍事、科技、文化、社會(huì )安全為保障,不斷增強國家安全能力。完善集中統一、高效權威的國家安全領(lǐng)導體制,健全國家安全法治體系、戰略體系、政策體系、人才體系和運行機制,完善重要領(lǐng)域國家安全立法、制度、政策。鞏固國家安全人民防線(xiàn),加強國家安全宣傳教育,增強全民國家安全意識,建立健全國家安全風(fēng)險研判、防控協(xié)同、防范化解機制。健全國家安全審查和監管制度,加強國家安全執法。堅定維護國家政權安全、制度安全、意識形態(tài)安全,全面加強網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全保障體系和能力建設,切實(shí)維護新型領(lǐng)域安全,嚴密防范和嚴厲打擊敵對勢力滲透、破壞、顛覆、分裂活動(dòng)。

As part of the effort to protect our national interests, strengthening national security requires a holistic look at a full spectrum of security issues, ranging from political security, which is of overarching importance, the security of the people, which is the ultimate concern, and economic security, which underpins all other considerations, to military, scientific and technological, cultural, and social perspectives, which reinforce efforts in other areas. A centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative leadership structure is indispensable in this connection, based on applicable laws, and supported by related strategies and policies, including those on talent development, as well as implementation mechanisms. National security legislation, systems and policies in key areas have to be strengthened. It is also important to strengthen the people’s line of defense against threats to national security, raise public awareness of national security issues, and improve mechanisms for assessing national security risks, and coordinating efforts to prevent, control, forestall, and fend off these risks. National security oversight will be enhanced, so will law enforcement in related areas. Challenges to state power, our political system, and our values will be confronted resolutely. Cyber security and capacity building in this field are a top priority. Robust measures will be taken to prevent and respond to infiltration, sabotage, and subversion by hostile forces.

第五十三章 強化國家經(jīng)濟安全保障

Chapter 53 National Economic Security

強化經(jīng)濟安全風(fēng)險預警、防控機制和能力建設,實(shí)現重要產(chǎn)業(yè)、基礎設施、戰略資源、重大科技等關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域安全可控,著(zhù)力提升糧食、能源、金融等領(lǐng)域安全發(fā)展能力。

Mechanisms for economic security risk early warning and prevention and control and related capacity building will be strengthened to keep under control risks to key industries, including food production, energy, and financial services, as well as critical infrastructure, strategic resources, and major technology facilities.

第一節 實(shí)施糧食安全戰略

I. Food security 

實(shí)施分品種保障策略,完善重要農產(chǎn)品供給保障體系和糧食產(chǎn)購儲加銷(xiāo)體系,確?？诩Z絕對安全、谷物基本自給、重要農副產(chǎn)品供應充足。毫不放松抓好糧食生產(chǎn),深入實(shí)施藏糧于地、藏糧于技戰略,開(kāi)展種源“卡脖子”技術(shù)攻關(guān),提高良種自主可控能力。嚴守耕地紅線(xiàn)和永久基本農田控制線(xiàn),穩定并增加糧食播種面積和產(chǎn)量,合理布局區域性農產(chǎn)品應急保供基地。深化農產(chǎn)品收儲制度改革,加快培育多元市場(chǎng)購銷(xiāo)主體,改革完善中央儲備糧管理體制,提高糧食儲備調控能力。強化糧食安全省長(cháng)責任制和“菜籃子”市長(cháng)負責制,實(shí)行黨政同責。有效降低糧食生產(chǎn)、儲存、運輸、加工環(huán)節損耗,開(kāi)展糧食節約行動(dòng)。積極開(kāi)展重要農產(chǎn)品國際合作,健全農產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口管理機制,推動(dòng)進(jìn)口來(lái)源多元化,培育國際大糧商和農業(yè)企業(yè)集團。制定糧食安全保障法。

The supply of agricultural products will be ensured based on crop varieties. It is essential to improve the systems to guarantee the supply of major agricultural products and to the production, purchase, storage, marketing, and sale of grain, so as to ensure absolute security of staple food, basic self-sufficiency of grain, and adequate supply of major agricultural and sideline products. Efforts will continue to develop grain production, further implement the strategy of sustainable farmland use and innovative application of agricultural technology for national food security, break through the bottleneck of technologies in superior seed sources, and keep independent production of improved varieties under control. It is of great significance to guard against the red line of 120 million hectares of farmland and the control line of permanent basic farmland, which allows for stable and increased grain acreage and yield. It is also necessary to create an appropriate layout of regional emergency supply bases for agricultural products. In order to better regulate and control grain reserves, it is needed to deepen reforms for the purchase and storage of agricultural products, step up to diversify market participants, and reform and improve the central grain reserve management system. Provincial governors should assume responsibility for food security and mayors assume responsibility for the “vegetable basket”. Both Party and government leaders should take responsibilities. The grain conservation campaign will be ongoing to reduce the losses in grain production, storage, transportation, and processing. International cooperation on major agricultural products will be carried out to improve the mechanism for managing importing agricultural products, and diversify sources of import, thus creating an enabling environment for domestic large international grain merchants and agricultural conglomerate companies. The food security law will be enacted.

第二節 實(shí)施能源資源安全戰略

II. Energy and resource security 

堅持立足國內、補齊短板、多元保障、強化儲備,完善產(chǎn)供儲銷(xiāo)體系,增強能源持續穩定供應和風(fēng)險管控能力,實(shí)現煤炭供應安全兜底、油氣核心需求依靠自保、電力供應穩定可靠。夯實(shí)國內產(chǎn)量基礎,保持原油和天然氣穩產(chǎn)增產(chǎn),做好煤制油氣戰略基地規劃布局和管控。擴大油氣儲備規模,健全政府儲備和企業(yè)社會(huì )責任儲備有機結合、互為補充的油氣儲備體系。加強煤炭?jì)淠芰ㄔO。完善能源風(fēng)險應急管控體系,加強重點(diǎn)城市和用戶(hù)電力供應保障,強化重要能源設施、能源網(wǎng)絡(luò )安全防護。多元拓展油氣進(jìn)口來(lái)源,維護戰略通道和關(guān)鍵節點(diǎn)安全。培育以我為主的交易中心和定價(jià)機制,積極推進(jìn)本幣結算。加強戰略性礦產(chǎn)資源規劃管控,提升儲備安全保障能力,實(shí)施新一輪找礦突破戰略行動(dòng)。

By focusing on domestic demand, addressing weaknesses, carrying out diversified guarantee measures, and strengthening reserves, we will improve the production, supply, storage, and marketing systems and enhance the ability of sustainable and stable energy supply and risk management and control, with the aim to ensure that basic coal supply is secure, that core oil and gas demand is met by domestic supply, and that power supply is stable and reliable. Building on domestic output, China will see a high and steady yield of crude oil and natural gas, and move ahead with the planned distribution and control of strategic coal-to-liquid and coal gas bases. Efforts will be made to expand the scale of oil and gas reserves and improve the oil and gas reserve system in which government reserves and corporate reserves for social responsibilities are combined and complementary to each other. The coal reserve capacity will be built. A system for energy emergencies management and control is needed to guarantee electric power supply for key cities and users, and better protect major energy facilities and networks. Diversified sources of importing oil and gas will secure the strategic channels and key nodes. A China-centric trading center and pricing mechanism will be established to promote home currency settlement. More support will be provided for the planning and control of strategic mineral resources to better secure reserves and put into effect a new round of strategic actions for breakthroughs in prospecting.

第三節 實(shí)施金融安全戰略

III. Financial security 

健全金融風(fēng)險預防、預警、處置、問(wèn)責制度體系,落實(shí)監管責任和屬地責任,對違法違規行為零容忍,守住不發(fā)生系統性風(fēng)險的底線(xiàn)。完善宏觀(guān)審慎管理體系,保持宏觀(guān)杠桿率以穩為主、穩中有降。加強系統重要性金融機構和金融控股公司監管,強化不良資產(chǎn)認定和處置,防范化解影子銀行風(fēng)險,有序處置高風(fēng)險金融機構,嚴厲打擊非法金融活動(dòng),健全互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融監管長(cháng)效機制。完善債務(wù)風(fēng)險識別、評估預警和有效防控機制,健全債券市場(chǎng)違約處置機制,推動(dòng)債券市場(chǎng)統一執法,穩妥化解地方政府隱性債務(wù),嚴懲逃廢債行為。完善跨境資本流動(dòng)管理框架,加強監管合作,提高開(kāi)放條件下風(fēng)險防控和應對能力。加強人民幣跨境支付系統建設,推進(jìn)金融業(yè)信息化核心技術(shù)安全可控,維護金融基礎設施安全。

The systems of financial risk prevention, early warning, disposal, and accountability will be established to ensure that the regulatory responsibilities and due responsibilities in places within jurisdiction are fulfilled, that we have zero tolerance towards violation of laws and rules, and that no systemic risks arise. Improvements will be made to the macro-prudential regulation system in order to keep the macro leverage ratio stable with a slight decline. Supervision of systemically significant financial institutions and financial holding companies will be enhanced, to reinforce the identification and disposal of non-performing assets, forestall and fend off shadow banking risks, dispose high-risk financial institutions in an orderly manner, crack down on illegal financial activities, and improve the long-term regulatory mechanism of internet finance. Efforts will be made to improve the mechanisms for identification, assessment, early warning, and effective prevention and control of debt risks, improve the mechanism for handling defaults in the bond market, promote unified law enforcement in the bond market, steadily resolve the implicit debt of local governments, and severely punish debt evasion and abandonment. A sound management framework of cross-border capital flow will be established to strengthen regulatory cooperation and enhance the ability of risk prevention and control as well as response under open conditions. By strengthening the RMB cross-border payment system, it is possible to ensure the security and controllability of core information technologies in the financial sector, and safeguard the financial infrastructure security.

第五十四章 全面提高公共安全保障能力

Chapter 54 Public Security 

堅持人民至上、生命至上,健全公共安全體制機制,嚴格落實(shí)公共安全責任和管理制度,保障人民生命安全。

The institutional mechanisms for public security will be improved, building on the principle that the people and their lives are above everything else, to implement the accountability and regulation systems for public security, and secure the people’s lives.

第一節 提高安全生產(chǎn)水平

I. Workplace safety

完善和落實(shí)安全生產(chǎn)責任制,建立公共安全隱患排查和安全預防控制體系。建立企業(yè)全員安全生產(chǎn)責任制度,壓實(shí)企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)主體責任。加強安全生產(chǎn)監測預警和監管監察執法,深入推進(jìn)危險化學(xué)品、礦山、建筑施工、交通、消防、民爆、特種設備等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域安全整治,實(shí)行重大隱患治理逐級掛牌督辦和整改效果評價(jià)。推進(jìn)企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)標準化建設,加強工業(yè)園區等重點(diǎn)區域安全管理。加強礦山深部開(kāi)采與重大災害防治等領(lǐng)域先進(jìn)技術(shù)裝備創(chuàng )新應用,推進(jìn)危險崗位機器人替代。在重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)安全生產(chǎn)責任保險全覆蓋。

It is needed for a sound workplace safety responsibility system to establish systems for the investigation of potential public safety hazards and for safety-oriented prevention and control. An accountability system for all-staff workplace safety in enterprises will be built, with an emphasis on ensuring enterprises to shoulder due responsibilities for workplace safety. Monitoring, early warning, supervision, and law enforcement concerning workplace safety are needed for campaigns to promote safety in key sectors such as hazardous chemicals, mines, construction, transportation, fire control, industrial explosives, and special equipment, and for the level-by-level supervision of the major hidden dangers treatment and effectiveness evaluation. Standards will be set for workplace safety in enterprises to strengthen safety management in industrial parks and other key areas. Innovative and advanced technologies and equipment will be applied in the fields such as deep mining and major disaster prevention. For example, workers doing dangerous jobs will be replaced by robots. Key areas will be under full coverage of workplace safety liability insurance.

第二節 嚴格食品藥品安全監管

II. Food and drug safety oversight

加強和改進(jìn)食品藥品安全監管制度,完善食品藥品安全法律法規和標準體系,探索建立食品安全民事公益訴訟懲罰性賠償制度。深入實(shí)施食品安全戰略,加強食品全鏈條質(zhì)量安全監管,推進(jìn)食品安全放心工程建設攻堅行動(dòng),加大重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域食品安全問(wèn)題聯(lián)合整治力度。嚴防嚴控藥品安全風(fēng)險,構建藥品和疫苗全生命周期管理機制,完善藥品電子追溯體系,實(shí)現重點(diǎn)類(lèi)別藥品全過(guò)程來(lái)源可溯、去向可追。穩步推進(jìn)醫療器械唯一標識制度。加強食品藥品安全風(fēng)險監測、抽檢和監管執法,強化快速通報和快速反應。

Efforts will be made to strengthen and improve the food and drug safety oversight system, including improving the food and drug safety laws, regulations, and standards, and exploring the establishment of a system of punitive compensation system for civil public interest lawsuits over food safety. The food safety strategy will be further implemented to strengthen oversight over the quality and safety of the entire food chain, advance the food safety assurance projects, and intensify joint efforts to address food safety issues in key areas. Measures need to be taken to prevent and control drug safety risks, including building the mechanism for lifecycle management of drugs and vaccines, improving the electronic drug tracing system, and realizing the whole-process traceability of drugs under key categories. Steady progress will be made to promote the system for unique labelling of medical devices. Stronger actions are needed for risk monitoring, random inspection, regulation, law enforcement, and rapid notification and response for food and drug safety.

第三節 加強生物安全風(fēng)險防控

III. Biosafety risk prevention and control 

建立健全生物安全風(fēng)險防控和治理體系,全面提高國家生物安全治理能力。完善國家生物安全風(fēng)險監測預警體系和防控應急預案制度,健全重大生物安全事件信息統一發(fā)布機制。加強動(dòng)植物疫情和外來(lái)入侵物種口岸防控。統籌布局生物安全基礎設施,構建國家生物數據中心體系,加強高級別生物安全實(shí)驗室體系建設和運行管理。強化生物安全資源監管,制定完善人類(lèi)遺傳資源和生物資源目錄,建立健全生物技術(shù)研究開(kāi)發(fā)風(fēng)險評估機制。推進(jìn)生物安全法實(shí)施。加強生物安全領(lǐng)域國際合作,積極參與生物安全國際規則制定。

The system for biosafety risk prevention, control, and governance will be established to enhance national capacity of biosafety governance. The national systems for risk monitoring and early warning and for emergency plan on risk prevention and control concerning biosafety need improvements so as to release information in a unified manner for major biosafety incidents. Stronger prevention and control measures need to be taken for animal and plant epidemics and alien invasive species at ports. Overall planning for biosafety infrastructure will be made, including building a system of national biosafety data centers, and better developing and managing the system of high-level biosafety laboratories. Regulation on biosafety resources will be intensified by formulating and improving the catalog of human genetic resources and biological resources, and establishing a sound risk assessment mechanism of biotechnology research and development. The biosafety law will be put into practice. China will strengthen international cooperation on biosafety and take an active part in the development of international biosafety rules.

第四節 完善國家應急管理體系

IV. National emergency management system

構建統一指揮、專(zhuān)常兼備、反應靈敏、上下聯(lián)動(dòng)的應急管理體制,優(yōu)化國家應急管理能力體系建設,提高防災減災抗災救災能力。堅持分級負責、屬地為主,健全中央與地方分級響應機制,強化跨區域、跨流域災害事故應急協(xié)同聯(lián)動(dòng)。開(kāi)展災害事故風(fēng)險隱患排查治理,實(shí)施公共基礎設施安全加固和自然災害防治能力提升工程,提升洪澇干旱、森林草原火災、地質(zhì)災害、氣象災害、地震等自然災害防御工程標準。加強國家綜合性消防救援隊伍建設,增強全災種救援能力。加強和完善航空應急救援體系與能力?？茖W(xué)調整應急物資儲備品類(lèi)、規模和結構,提高快速調配和緊急運輸能力。構建應急指揮信息和綜合監測預警網(wǎng)絡(luò )體系,加強極端條件應急救援通信保障能力建設。發(fā)展巨災保險。

An emergency management system will be put into practice, featuring unified command, both specialized and regular operations, quick response, and coordination between the upper and lower levels, to systematically improve the national emergency management capacity and enhance the ability of disaster prevention, mitigation, resistance, and relief. Actions will be taken to improve the graded response mechanism at the central and local levels based on shared responsibilities with the local governments as main responsibility takers, and strengthen inter-regional and cross-basin coordination in disaster and incident emergency response. Based on investigation of potential risks and hidden dangers of disasters and incidents, we will implement public infrastructure safety and reinforcement projects and projects for enhancing the capacity of natural disaster prevention and control, and raise the standard for preventing and protecting against natural disasters including floods and droughts, bush fires and grassland fires, geological disasters, meteorological disasters, earthquakes, and so on. It is needed to build stronger national comprehensive fire brigades with enhanced rescue capacity for all types of disasters, and strengthen and improve the aviation emergency rescue system and capacity. Science-based adjustments will be made to the type, size, and structure of emergency supply reserves to improve the capacity of rapid deployment and emergency transportation. The system of information networks and comprehensive monitoring and early warning for emergency command will be built to ensure communication support for emergency rescue under extreme conditions. Catastrophe insurance are encouraged.

第五十五章 維護社會(huì )穩定和安全

Chapter 55 Social Stability and Security

正確處理新形勢下人民內部矛盾,加強社會(huì )治安防控,編織全方位、立體化、智能化社會(huì )安全網(wǎng)。

Contradictions among the people under the new situation will be properly handled to better maintain public order, and weave an all-round, three-dimensional, and intelligent social security net.

第一節 健全社會(huì )矛盾綜合治理機制

I. Resolution of social conflicts

堅持和發(fā)展新時(shí)代“楓橋經(jīng)驗”,構建源頭防控、排查梳理、糾紛化解、應急處置的社會(huì )矛盾綜合治理機制。暢通和規范群眾訴求表達、利益協(xié)調、權益保障通道,完善人民調解、行政調解、司法調解聯(lián)動(dòng)工作體系。健全矛盾糾紛多元化解機制,充分發(fā)揮調解、仲裁、行政裁決、行政復議、訴訟等防范化解社會(huì )矛盾的作用。完善和落實(shí)信訪(fǎng)制度,依法及時(shí)就地解決群眾合理訴求。健全社會(huì )矛盾風(fēng)險防控協(xié)同機制。健全社會(huì )心理服務(wù)體系和危機干預機制。

Building on the “Fengqiao Experience” and its connotations in the new era, a comprehensive mechanism for social conflict resolution will be established, featuring prevention and control at the source, troubleshooting, dispute resolution, and emergency response. Smooth and regulated channels will be provided for people to express their needs, coordinate their interests, and protect their rights and interests. Improvements will be made to the joint work system of people’s mediation, administrative mediation, and judicial mediation. Diversified resolutions will be provided for conflicts and disputes, giving full play to the role of mediation, arbitration, administrative adjudication, administrative reconsideration, and litigation in preventing and resolving social disputes. A sound petition system will be implemented to provide law-based solutions to the people’s reasonable demands on the spot in a timely manner. Prevention and control of social risks and disputes will be better integrated. The social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism will be improved.

第二節 推進(jìn)社會(huì )治安防控體系現代化

II. Crime prevention and control 

堅持專(zhuān)群結合、群防群治,提高社會(huì )治安立體化、法治化、專(zhuān)業(yè)化、智能化水平,形成問(wèn)題聯(lián)治、工作聯(lián)動(dòng)、平安聯(lián)創(chuàng )的工作機制,健全社會(huì )治安防控體系。繼續開(kāi)展好禁毒人民戰爭和反恐怖斗爭,推動(dòng)掃黑除惡常態(tài)化,嚴厲打擊各類(lèi)違法犯罪活動(dòng),提升打擊新型網(wǎng)絡(luò )犯罪和跨國跨區域犯罪能力。堅持打防結合、整體防控,強化社會(huì )治安重點(diǎn)地區排查整治,健全社會(huì )治安協(xié)調聯(lián)動(dòng)機制。推進(jìn)公安大數據智能化平臺建設。完善執法司法權力運行監督和制約機制,健全執法司法人員權益保障機制。建設國門(mén)安全防控體系。深化國際執法安全務(wù)實(shí)合作。

The three-dimensional, law-based, specialized, and intelligent measures will be taken to maintain public order by combining the efforts of both professionals and the people, and preventing and controlling crimes through public participation. A working mechanism will be put into place to jointly tackle problems, work together, and put in efforts to create “Peaceful China”. In this way, a sound crime prevention and control system will take shape. Efforts will continue to carry out the people’s war against drugs and terrorism, combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs on an ongoing basis, fight against all illegal and criminal activities, and enhance our ability to crack down on emerging cybercrimes and transnational and cross-regional crimes. Actions will be taken to identify and tackle potential problems in key areas for maintaining public order and improving the mechanism for coordinating crime prevention and control, by combining punishment and prevention, as well as integrating prevention and control. A intelligent big data platforms on public security will be built. Efforts are needed to improve the mechanism for checks and oversight over the exercise of law enforcement and judicial power, and improve the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of law enforcement and judicial personnel. The crime prevention and control systems at ports will be established. And international practical cooperation on law enforcement and security will be deepened. 

第十六篇 加快國防和軍隊現代化 實(shí)現富國和強軍相統一

Part XVI Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces as We Build National Prosperity

貫徹習近平強軍思想,貫徹新時(shí)代軍事戰略方針,堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領(lǐng)導,堅持政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍,加快機械化信息化智能化融合發(fā)展,全面加強練兵備戰,提高捍衛國家主權、安全、發(fā)展利益的戰略能力,確保2027年實(shí)現建軍百年奮斗目標。

Our efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces are guided by Xi Jinping’s instructions and the military strategy for the new era. The Party’s absolute leadership over the armed forces is of paramount importance. It is also important to raise political awareness among service members, implement necessary reforms, expand the use of new technologies, cultivate and harness talent, and create a rules-based culture. The modernization process involves mechanization, digitization, and the use of smart technologies, in addition to more rigorous and systematic military training to boost combat readiness. The process aims to enhance the ability of the armed forces to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and national interests, and ensure that the centenary goal of strengthening the armed forces is achieved by 2027.

第五十六章 提高國防和軍隊現代化質(zhì)量效益

Chapter 56 Modernization of National Defense and the Military 

加快軍事理論現代化,與時(shí)俱進(jìn)創(chuàng )新戰爭和戰略指導,健全新時(shí)代軍事戰略體系,發(fā)展先進(jìn)作戰理論。加快軍隊組織形態(tài)現代化,深化國防和軍隊改革,推進(jìn)軍事管理革命,加快軍兵種和武警部隊轉型建設,壯大戰略力量和新域新質(zhì)作戰力量,打造高水平戰略威懾和聯(lián)合作戰體系,加強軍事力量聯(lián)合訓練、聯(lián)合保障、聯(lián)合運用。加快軍事人員現代化,貫徹新時(shí)代軍事教育方針,完善三位一體新型軍事人才培養體系,鍛造高素質(zhì)專(zhuān)業(yè)化新型軍事人才方陣。加快武器裝備現代化,聚力國防科技自主創(chuàng )新、原始創(chuàng )新,加速戰略性前沿性顛覆性技術(shù)發(fā)展,加速武器裝備升級換代和智能化武器裝備發(fā)展。

More will be done to accelerate the modernization of military theories and introduce new warfare and strategic guidance to keep abreast with the times, improve the military’s strategic system in the new era, and develop advanced combat theory. Efforts will be made to modernize our military’s organizational structure, deepen the reform of national defense and the armed forces, promote the revolution of military management, accelerate the transformation of military branches and armed police forces, expand the strategic forces and combat forces in new domains with new types of military personnel, build a high-standard strategic deterrence and joint operation system, and strengthen the joint training, joint support, and joint application of military forces. Steps will be taken to accelerate the modernization of military personnel, implement a military education policy that is suitable for the new era, improve the three-pronged training system for new military personnel, and forge a new array of high-quality and professional military personnel. We will also gather pace in the modernization of weaponry by focusing on independent and original innovation in defense-related science and technology, as well as the development of strategic, innovative and disruptive technologies, and accelerate the upgrade of weaponry and equipment as well as the development of smart weaponry and equipment.

第五十七章 促進(jìn)國防實(shí)力和經(jīng)濟實(shí)力同步提升

Chapter 57 Strengthening National Defense in Tandem with Economic Growth

同國家現代化發(fā)展相協(xié)調,搞好戰略層面籌劃,深化資源要素共享,強化政策制度協(xié)調,完善組織管理、工作運行、政策制度、人才隊伍、風(fēng)險防控體系,構建一體化國家戰略體系和能力。推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)區域、重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、新興領(lǐng)域協(xié)調發(fā)展,集中力量實(shí)施國防領(lǐng)域重大工程。促進(jìn)軍事建設布局與區域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展布局有機結合,更好服務(wù)國家安全發(fā)展戰略需要。深化軍民科技協(xié)同創(chuàng )新,加強海洋、空天、網(wǎng)絡(luò )空間、生物、新能源、人工智能、量子科技等領(lǐng)域軍民統籌發(fā)展,推動(dòng)軍地科研設施資源共享,推進(jìn)軍地科研成果雙向轉化應用和重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。強化基礎設施共建共用,加強新型基礎設施統籌建設,加大經(jīng)濟建設項目貫徹國防要求力度。加快建設現代軍事物流體系和資產(chǎn)管理體系。加強軍地人才聯(lián)合培養,健全軍地人才交流使用、資格認證等制度。優(yōu)化國防科技工業(yè)布局,加快標準化通用化進(jìn)程。推進(jìn)武器裝備市場(chǎng)準入、空中交通管理等改革。完善國防動(dòng)員體系,加強應急應戰協(xié)同,健全強邊固防機制,強化全民國防教育,鞏固軍政軍民團結。維護軍人軍屬合法權益,讓軍人成為全社會(huì )尊崇的職業(yè)。

In coordination with the modernization drive of the country, we will build an integrated national strategic system and capacity by stepping up strategic planning efforts, promoting the sharing of resources and factors, coordinating policies and institutions, and improving organizational management, task fulfillment, policies and institutions, personnel training, and the risk control system. We will do better in balancing the development of key regions, key sectors, and emerging sectors, and focus on the implementation of major projects in the field of national defense. The planning of military development and that of regional economic development will be well coordinated to better serve the strategic needs for national security and development. We will boost military-civilian collaborative innovation in science and technology; advance both military and civilian development in the fields of ocean, aerospace, cyberspace, biology, new energy, artificial intelligence, and quantum science and technology; promote the resource sharing of military and civilian scientific research facilities; and facilitate the two-way application of military and civilian scientific research achievements and the development of key industries. We will boost the co-development and sharing of infrastructure, intensify efforts to plan for and develop new types of infrastructure, and do better in meeting national defense needs in economic development projects. Efforts will be made to speed up the development of a modern military logistics system and asset management system, intensify the joint training of people competent in both military and civilian services, and improve the systems for their exchange, employment, and qualification certification. We will improve the structure of defense-related science, technology, and industry, and accelerate the process of standardization and generalization. We will promote the reforms of market access for weaponry and equipment and air traffic management; improve the national defense mobilization system; coordinate efforts to respond to emergencies and meet challenges in wartime; improve the mechanism for strengthening the border defense; promote national defense education for all people; and consolidate the unity of the military, the government, and the people. We will safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of service members and their families and make serviceman a profession respected by the whole society.

第十七篇 加強社會(huì )主義民主法治建設 健全黨和國家監督制度

Part XVII Socialist Democracy, the Rule of Law, and Party and State Oversight Mechanisms

堅持中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統一,推進(jìn)中國特色社會(huì )主義政治制度自我完善和發(fā)展。

We will uphold the unity of the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the running of the country by the people, and the rule of law, and push the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics to improve and develop.

第五十八章 發(fā)展社會(huì )主義民主

Chapter 58 Socialist Democracy

堅持和完善黨總攬全局、協(xié)調各方的領(lǐng)導制度體系,把黨的領(lǐng)導落實(shí)到國家發(fā)展各領(lǐng)域各方面各環(huán)節。堅持和完善人民代表大會(huì )制度,加強人大對“一府一委兩院”的監督,保障人民依法通過(guò)各種途徑和形式管理國家事務(wù)、管理經(jīng)濟文化事業(yè)、管理社會(huì )事務(wù)。堅持和完善中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度,提高中國特色社會(huì )主義參政黨建設水平,加強人民政協(xié)專(zhuān)門(mén)協(xié)商機構建設,發(fā)揮社會(huì )主義協(xié)商民主獨特優(yōu)勢,提高建言資政和凝聚共識水平。全面貫徹黨的民族政策,堅持和完善民族區域自治制度,鑄牢中華民族共同體意識,促進(jìn)各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針,堅持我國宗教中國化方向,積極引導宗教與社會(huì )主義社會(huì )相適應。健全基層群眾自治制度,增強群眾自我管理、自我服務(wù)、自我教育、自我監督實(shí)效。發(fā)揮工會(huì )、共青團、婦聯(lián)等人民團體作用,把各自聯(lián)系的群眾緊緊凝聚在黨的周?chē)?。完善大統戰工作格局,促進(jìn)政黨關(guān)系、民族關(guān)系、宗教關(guān)系、階層關(guān)系、海內外同胞關(guān)系和諧,鞏固和發(fā)展大團結大聯(lián)合局面。全面貫徹黨的僑務(wù)政策,凝聚僑心、服務(wù)大局。

Continued efforts will be made to improve the system where the CPC exercises overall leadership and coordinates the efforts of all involved, and ensure the CPC’s leadership in all fields and aspects of the country’s development. We will also uphold and improve the system of people’s congresses, strengthen the system for the people’s congresses to oversee the governments, the supervisory commissions, the people’s courts, and the people’s procuratorates, and ensure that the people engage in the management of state , economic, cultural, and social affairs through various channels and in various forms in accordance with the law. We will uphold and improve the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, promote the development of other political parties participating in state governance under Chinese socialism, further build the CPPCC as a special consultative body, leverage the unique advantages of socialist consultative democracy, and give better play to its role in offering advice to the government and building consensus. We will fully implement the the CPC’s policies concerning ethnic groups, uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, create a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and encourage all ethnic groups to unite closely and work in concert for common prosperity and development. We will fully implement the CPC’s basic policy on religious affairs, uphold the principle of developing religions in the Chinese context, and actively guide religions to adapt themselves to the socialist society. We will improve the system of community-level self-governance, and increase the people’s capacity to manage their own affairs, serve and educate themselves, and exercise public scrutiny. We will give full play to the role of trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women’s federations, and other people’s organizations as bridges linking the CPC with the people. We will improve the united front with extensive participation of all political parties, promote harmony between political parties, between ethnic groups, between religions, between social strata, and between Chinese at home and overseas, and consolidate and develop greater unity and solidarity. We will fully implement the CPC’s policy on overseas Chinese affairs and pool the support of overseas Chinese to serve the big-picture interests.

第五十九章 全面推進(jìn)依法治國

Chapter 59 Promotion of the Rule of Law 

堅定不移走中國特色社會(huì )主義法治道路,堅持依法治國、依法執政、依法行政共同推進(jìn),一體建設法治國家、法治政府、法治社會(huì ),實(shí)施法治中國建設規劃。健全保障憲法全面實(shí)施的體制機制,加強憲法實(shí)施和監督,落實(shí)憲法解釋程序機制,推進(jìn)合憲性審查。完善立法體制機制,加強重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、新興領(lǐng)域、涉外領(lǐng)域立法,立改廢釋纂并舉,完善以憲法為核心的中國特色社會(huì )主義法律體系。實(shí)施法治政府建設實(shí)施綱要,堅持和完善重大行政決策程序制度,深化行政執法體制改革,嚴格規范公正文明執法,規范執法自由裁量權,推進(jìn)行政復議體制改革。深化司法體制綜合配套改革,完善審判制度、檢察制度、刑罰執行制度、律師制度,全面落實(shí)司法責任制,加強對司法活動(dòng)監督,深化執行體制改革,促進(jìn)司法公正。實(shí)施法治社會(huì )建設實(shí)施綱要,加強社會(huì )主義法治文化建設,深入開(kāi)展法治宣傳教育,實(shí)施“八五”普法規劃,完善公共法律服務(wù)體系、法律援助和國家司法救助制度。全面加強人權司法保護,促進(jìn)人權事業(yè)全面發(fā)展。加強涉外法治體系建設,加強涉外法律人才培養。

We are fully committed to promoting socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. Efforts will be made to pursue parallel progress in the rule of law for national governance, exercise of state power, and government administration, promote the efforts to build a country, government, and society based on the rule of law, and implement the plan for promoting the rule of law in the country. Institutions and mechanisms will be improved to fully implement the Constitution, boost the implementation of the Constitution and oversight of constitutional compliance, put in place a mechanism for constitutional interpretation, and promote constitutionality review. We will improve the legislative institutions and mechanisms, advance legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and areas related to foreign affairs, lay equal emphasis on legislation, amendment, abolishment, interpretation, and compilation, and improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core. We will implement the outline for building a government based on the rule of law, uphold and improve the system of procedures for major administrative decision-making, deepen the reform of the administrative law enforcement system, see that law is enforced in a strict, standardized, fair, and civil way, regulate the use of discretionary powers in law enforcement, and promote reform of the administrative review system. We will deepen integrated, complete reform for the judicial system to improve the systems of judicial trials, of procuratorates, of punishment enforcement, and of lawyers, fully implement the judicial responsibility system, enhance the supervision over judicial activities, deepen reform of the enforcement system, and promote judicial justice. We will implement the outline for building a society based on the rule of law, foster a culture of socialist rule of law, promote publicity and education on the rule of law, implement the eighth five-year plan for increasing public knowledge of the law, and improve the public legal service system, legal aid, and national judicial assistance system. We will strengthen the judicial protection of human rights across the board and promote the all-round development of the cause of human rights. We will intensify efforts to build the legal system concerning foreign affairs and better train legal personnel on foreign affairs.

第六十章 完善黨和國家監督體系

Chapter 60 Party and State Oversight Mechanisms

健全黨統一領(lǐng)導、全面覆蓋、權威高效的監督體系,形成決策科學(xué)、執行堅決、監督有力的權力運行機制。落實(shí)全面從嚴治黨主體責任、監督責任,強化政治監督,深化政治巡視并強化整改落實(shí)。推進(jìn)紀律監督、監察監督、派駐監督、巡視監督統籌銜接,以黨內監督為主導、推動(dòng)各類(lèi)監督貫通協(xié)調,形成常態(tài)長(cháng)效的監督合力,使監督體系更好融入國家治理體系。深化紀檢監察體制改革,加強上級紀委監委對下級紀委監委的領(lǐng)導,推進(jìn)紀檢監察工作規范化、法治化,發(fā)揮監督保障執行、促進(jìn)完善發(fā)展作用。完善權力配置和運行制約機制,健全分事行權、分崗設權、分級授權、定期輪崗制度,完善黨務(wù)、政務(wù)、司法和各領(lǐng)域辦事公開(kāi)制度,健全發(fā)現問(wèn)題、糾正偏差、精準問(wèn)責有效機制,構建全覆蓋的責任制度和監督制度。堅持無(wú)禁區、全覆蓋、零容忍,一體推進(jìn)不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐,營(yíng)造風(fēng)清氣正的良好政治生態(tài)和發(fā)展環(huán)境。深化反腐敗國際合作。鍥而不舍落實(shí)中央八項規定精神,完善作風(fēng)建設長(cháng)效機制,持續糾治形式主義、官僚主義,切實(shí)防止享樂(lè )主義、奢靡之風(fēng)反彈回潮,堅決整治群眾身邊的腐敗和不正之風(fēng)。

We will seek to improve the oversight system that features the CPC’s overall leadership, full coverage, and authoritative and efficient oversight and create a mechanism for exercising power that ensures sound decision-making, resolute enforcement, and effective oversight. We will ensure that leadership and oversight responsibilities for strict self-governance are properly assumed, enhance political oversight, advance political inspections, and intensify rectification efforts. More will be done to promote the coordination of oversight via disciplinary action, supervisory mechanism, dispatched resident teams, and inspections, and form a long-standing supervision synergy by leveraging the leading role of the intra-Party supervision and driving the coordination of all types of supervision, to better integrate the oversight systems into the national governance system. We will deepen the reform of the discipline inspection and supervision system, strengthen the leadership of the discipline inspection and supervision commissions at higher levels over those at lower levels, promote well-regulated and law-based discipline inspection and supervision activities, and give full play to the role of oversight in ensuring implementation and promoting improvement and development. We will improve the power allocation and operation restriction mechanisms, as well as the systems for exercising power by matter, setting power by post, delegating power in a graded manner and regular job rotation. We will improve the system of disclosures on Party affairs, government affairs, judicial affairs, and other fields; improve the mechanisms for finding problems, correcting deviations, and ensuring accurate accountability; and build full-coverage accountability and oversight systems. We will continue to ensure that there are no no-oversight zones, no ground is left unturned, and no tolerance is shown for corruption. We will strengthen deterrence so that officials do not dare to be corrupt, strengthen the oversight of institutions so they are unable to be corrupt, and strengthen their vigilance so they have no desire to be corrupt. We will put in every effort to ensure that our political atmosphere and development environment are clean and free of corruption. We will deepen international cooperation against corruption. We will make steady efforts to implement the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct, create a better long-term mechanism for improving conduct, continue to rectify the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake and bureaucratism, effectively prevent the resurgence of hedonism and extravagance, and resolutely combat corruption and unhealthy tendencies among people.

第十八篇 堅持“一國兩制” 推進(jìn)祖國統一

Part XVIII The Principle of "One Country, Two Systems" and National Reunification 

保持香港、澳門(mén)長(cháng)期繁榮穩定,推進(jìn)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展和祖國統一,共創(chuàng )中華民族偉大復興的美好未來(lái)。

We stay committed to lasting prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao, and peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and national reunification, on our journey towards the great renewal of the Chinese nation.

第六十一章 保持香港、澳門(mén)長(cháng)期繁榮穩定

Chapter 61 Lasting Prosperity and Stability in Hong Kong and Macao

全面準確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針,堅持依法治港治澳,維護憲法和基本法確定的特別行政區憲制秩序,落實(shí)中央對特別行政區全面管治權,落實(shí)特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制,維護國家主權、安全、發(fā)展利益和特別行政區社會(huì )大局穩定,堅決防范和遏制外部勢力干預港澳事務(wù),支持港澳鞏固提升競爭優(yōu)勢,更好融入國家發(fā)展大局。

We will stay true to the letter and spirit of the principle of “One Country, Two Systems”, which allows the people of Hong Kong and Macao to administer their own affairs with a high degree of autonomy. Rule of law must be maintained in Hong Kong and Macao, the two Special Administrative Regions (SARs), in accordance with the Constitution and the basic laws. The central authorities’ overall jurisdiction over the SARs cannot be challenged. The legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the SARs to safeguard national security must be implemented effectively to protect national sovereignty, security, national interests, and overall social stability in the SARs. Resolute actions will be taken to guard against and deter external interference in the affairs of Hong Kong and Macao. Support will be provided to the SARs in their efforts to enhance their competitive advantages and better integrate into the overall process of national development.

第一節 支持港澳鞏固提升競爭優(yōu)勢

I. Support for the SARs’ endeavor to enhance their competitive advantages

支持香港提升國際金融、航運、貿易中心和國際航空樞紐地位,強化全球離岸人民幣業(yè)務(wù)樞紐、國際資產(chǎn)管理中心及風(fēng)險管理中心功能。支持香港建設國際創(chuàng )新科技中心、亞太區國際法律及解決爭議服務(wù)中心、區域知識產(chǎn)權貿易中心,支持香港服務(wù)業(yè)向高端高增值方向發(fā)展,支持香港發(fā)展中外文化藝術(shù)交流中心。支持澳門(mén)豐富世界旅游休閑中心內涵,支持粵澳合作共建橫琴,擴展中國與葡語(yǔ)國家商貿合作服務(wù)平臺功能,打造以中華文化為主流、多元文化共存的交流合作基地,支持澳門(mén)發(fā)展中醫藥研發(fā)制造、特色金融、高新技術(shù)和會(huì )展商貿等產(chǎn)業(yè),促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟適度多元發(fā)展。

We will support Hong Kong in enhancing its status as an international financial, shipping, and trade center and an international aviation hub, and strengthen its functions as a global offshore RMB business hub and an international center for asset management and risk management. We will support Hong Kong in building itself into an international center for innovation and technology, a center in the Asia-Pacific region for international legal and dispute resolution services, and a regional center for intellectual property trade. We will support Hong Kong’s endeavor to make its service sector more competitive in high-end markets and creating greater value, and its effort to develop itself into a center for cultural and art exchanges with other countries. We will support Macao in enriching its significance as a world tourism and leisure center, support Guangdong-Macao cooperation on developing the Hengqin region, and help Macao expand its functions as a service platform for business cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and build itself into a center for exchanges and cooperation where Chinese culture is the mainstream and diverse cultures coexist. We will support Macao in boosting the research, development and manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine and developing characteristic finance, high technology, convention and exhibition, commerce and trade, and other industries, and help Macao appropriately diversify its economy.

第二節 支持港澳更好融入國家發(fā)展大局

II. Support for the SARs’ endeavor to better integrate into the overall process of national development 

完善港澳融入國家發(fā)展大局、同內地優(yōu)勢互補、協(xié)同發(fā)展機制。支持港澳參與、助力國家全面開(kāi)放和現代化經(jīng)濟體系建設,打造共建“一帶一路”功能平臺。深化內地與港澳經(jīng)貿、科創(chuàng )合作關(guān)系,深化并擴大內地與港澳金融市場(chǎng)互聯(lián)互通。高質(zhì)量建設粵港澳大灣區,深化粵港澳合作、泛珠三角區域合作,推進(jìn)深圳前海、珠海橫琴、廣州南沙、深港河套等粵港澳重大合作平臺建設。加強內地與港澳各領(lǐng)域交流合作,完善便利港澳居民在內地發(fā)展和生活居住的政策措施,加強憲法和基本法教育、國情教育,增強港澳同胞國家意識和愛(ài)國精神。支持港澳同各國各地區開(kāi)展交流合作。

We will improve the mechanism for integrating the SARs into the overall development of the country and coordinating the development of the two regions and the mainland based on their complementary advantages. We will support the SARs in participating in and facilitating China’s endeavor to open up fully and develop a modern economic system and build a functional platform for joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative. We will deepen the economic, trade, and technological cooperation between the mainland and the SARs, and expand the connectivity of their financial markets. We will build a high-quality Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, further the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao as well as the Pan-Pearl River Delta regional cooperation, and promote the development of major cooperation platforms between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, such as Qianhai in Shenzhen, Hengqin in Zhuhai, Nansha in Guangzhou, and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone. We will boost exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and the SARs in all fields, improve the policies and measures for helping residents of the SARs live and work better in the mainland, and promote education on the Constitution, the basic laws, and national conditions, to enhance the national awareness and patriotism of residents of the SARs. We will support the SARs in carrying out exchanges and cooperation with foreign countries and regions.

第六十二章 推進(jìn)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展和祖國統一

Chapter 62 Peaceful Development of Cross-Straits Relations and National Reunification

堅持一個(gè)中國原則和“九二共識”,以?xún)砂锻ｌ頌橐罋w,推動(dòng)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展、融合發(fā)展,高度警惕和堅決遏制“臺獨”分裂活動(dòng)。

We will stay committed to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and peaceful and integrated development of cross-Straits relations with the wellbeing of the people on both sides of the Straits top of mind. We will remain vigilant against and resolutely confront any separatist activity seeking “Taiwan independence”.

第一節 深化兩岸融合發(fā)展

I. Integrated cross-Straits development

完善保障臺灣同胞福祉和在大陸享受同等待遇的制度和政策,持續出臺實(shí)施惠臺利民政策措施,讓臺灣同胞分享發(fā)展機遇,參與大陸經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展進(jìn)程。支持臺商臺企參與“一帶一路”建設和國家區域協(xié)調發(fā)展戰略。推進(jìn)兩岸金融合作,支持符合條件的臺資企業(yè)在大陸上市。推進(jìn)海峽兩岸產(chǎn)業(yè)合作區、平潭綜合實(shí)驗區、昆山深化兩岸產(chǎn)業(yè)合作試驗區等兩岸合作平臺建設。支持福建探索海峽兩岸融合發(fā)展新路,加快兩岸融合發(fā)展示范區建設。加強兩岸產(chǎn)業(yè)合作,打造兩岸共同市場(chǎng),壯大中華民族經(jīng)濟。

Efforts will be made to improve systems and policies for safeguarding the wellbeing of our Taiwan compatriots and ensuring they enjoy the same treatment in the mainland as local residents. We will continue to introduce and implement policies and measures that benefit Taiwan and the people, so that our Taiwan compatriots can share development opportunities and participate in the mainland’s economic and social development. Taiwan’s business people and enterprises will be encouraged to participate in the BRI and the implementation of the country’s coordinated regional development strategy. We will promote cross-Straits financial cooperation and support qualified Taiwan-invested enterprises in going public in the mainland. We will promote the development of platforms for cross-Straits cooperation, such as the Cross-Straits Industrial Cooperation Zone, the Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone, and the Kunshan Experimental Zone for Deepening Cross-Straits Industrial Cooperation. We will support Fujian in exploring a new path for integrated development across the Straits, and accelerate the development of demonstration zones for such integrated development. We will strengthen cross-Straits industrial cooperation and build a cross-Straits common market to grow a stronger Chinese economy.

第二節 加強兩岸人文交流

II. People-to-people exchanges across the Straits

積極促進(jìn)兩岸交流合作和人員往來(lái),加深相互理解,增進(jìn)互信認同。推動(dòng)兩岸文化教育、醫療衛生等領(lǐng)域交流合作,促進(jìn)社會(huì )保障和公共資源共享,支持兩岸鄰近或條件相當地區基本公共服務(wù)均等化、普惠化、便捷化,促進(jìn)兩岸同胞共同傳承和創(chuàng )新發(fā)展中華優(yōu)秀傳統文化。加強兩岸基層和青少年交流,鼓勵臺灣青年來(lái)大陸追夢(mèng)、筑夢(mèng)、圓夢(mèng)。團結廣大臺灣同胞共同反對“臺獨”分裂活動(dòng),維護和推動(dòng)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展,致力中華民族偉大復興。

We will actively promote exchanges, cooperation, and people-to-people interactions across the Straits, to boost their mutual understanding, trust, and recognition. More will be done to advance cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation in culture, education, healthcare, and other areas, promote the sharing of social security and public resources, and support equal access to inclusive and convenient basic public services in areas adjacent to each other or with comparable conditions across the Straits. People on both sides of the Straits will be encouraged to carry forward and develop the fine traditional Chinese culture through innovation. We will strengthen cross-Straits exchanges between community-level organizations and young people and encourage young people from Taiwan to pursue and fulfill their dreams in the mainland. We will unite all the Taiwan compatriots to oppose separatist activities seeking “Taiwan independence”, safeguard the peaceful development of relations across the Straits and strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

第十九篇 加強規劃實(shí)施保障

Part XIX Implementation of This Plan

堅持黨的全面領(lǐng)導,健全規劃實(shí)施保障機制,更好履行政府職責,最大程度激發(fā)各類(lèi)主體的活力和創(chuàng )造力,形成全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化國家的強大合力。

This Plan will be implemented under the CPC’s overall leadership. Implementation mechanisms will be strengthened to ensure that the government fulfils its responsibilities, and to spur dynamism and creativity across society in our join effort to build a socialist modern country.

第六十三章 加強黨中央集中統一領(lǐng)導

Chapter 63 The Overall Leadership Role of the CPC Central Committee

貫徹黨把方向、謀大局、定政策、促改革的要求,深入學(xué)習貫徹習近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì )主義思想,增強“四個(gè)意識”、堅定“四個(gè)自信”、做到“兩個(gè)維護”,不斷提高政治判斷力、政治領(lǐng)悟力、政治執行力,把黨的領(lǐng)導貫穿到規劃實(shí)施的各領(lǐng)域和全過(guò)程,確保黨中央重大決策部署貫徹落實(shí)。充分發(fā)揮全面從嚴治黨引領(lǐng)保障作用,把完善黨和國家監督體系融入規劃實(shí)施之中。完善上下貫通、執行有力的組織體系,提高各級領(lǐng)導班子和干部適應新時(shí)代新要求抓改革、促發(fā)展、保穩定的政治能力和專(zhuān)業(yè)化水平。

We will see that the CPC charts the direction, exercises overall governance, formulates policies and facilitates reform, and thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We will be keenly aware of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, remain aligned with the central Party leadership, stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. We will keep improving our capacity for political judgement, thinking, and implementation, and ensure the Party’s leadership over all fields and processes of plan implementation. With these efforts we will ensure the implementation of major decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee. We will give full play to the guiding role of full and strict governance over the Party and integrate the improvement of Party and state oversight systems into plan implementation. We will improve the organizational system that links governments at all levels with effective execution and build the political competence and professionalism of leadership bodies and officials at all levels in carrying out reform, promoting development, and maintaining stability, in line with the new demands of the new era.

激發(fā)全社會(huì )參與規劃實(shí)施的積極性,注重發(fā)揮工會(huì )、共青團、婦聯(lián)等作用,充分發(fā)揮民主黨派、工商聯(lián)和無(wú)黨派人士作用,最大限度凝聚全社會(huì )共識和力量。構建適應高質(zhì)量發(fā)展要求的內生激勵機制,健全激勵導向的績(jì)效評價(jià)考核機制和盡職免責機制,調動(dòng)廣大干部特別是基層干部的積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng )造性。

We will arouse the enthusiasm of all sectors to participate in plan implementation, encourage trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, and women’s federations to function well, give full play to the role of other political parties, industry and commerce federations and public figures without party affiliation, and galvanize consensus and strength of the whole society to the greatest extent. We will build a mechanism for internal driving forces to meet the requirements of high-quality development, improve the incentive-oriented performance evaluation mechanism and the mechanism to ensure that those who have fulfilled their duties are not held accountable, and mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of officials, especially those at the community level.

第六十四章 健全統一規劃體系

Chapter 64 Unified Planning 

加快建立健全以國家發(fā)展規劃為統領(lǐng),以空間規劃為基礎,以專(zhuān)項規劃、區域規劃為支撐,由國家、省、市縣級規劃共同組成,定位準確、邊界清晰、功能互補、統一銜接的國家規劃體系。

A national planning system will be established, comprising national development planning, spatial planning, and special and regional planning. Planning is done at the national, provincial, municipal, and county levels. It sets clear goals, defines tasks to achieve those goals and the scope within which the tasks are to be implemented, and determines the way in which the tasks are mutually reinforcing and aligned with objectives outlined in national plans. 

第一節 強化國家發(fā)展規劃的統領(lǐng)作用

I. The central role of national development planning

更好發(fā)揮國家發(fā)展規劃戰略導向作用,強化空間規劃、專(zhuān)項規劃、區域規劃對本規劃實(shí)施的支撐。按照本規劃確定的國土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護要求和重點(diǎn)任務(wù),制定實(shí)施國家級空間規劃,為重大戰略任務(wù)落地提供空間保障。聚焦本規劃確定的戰略重點(diǎn)和主要任務(wù),在科技創(chuàng )新、數字經(jīng)濟、綠色生態(tài)、民生保障等領(lǐng)域,制定實(shí)施一批國家級重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)項規劃,明確細化落實(shí)發(fā)展任務(wù)的時(shí)間表和路線(xiàn)圖。根據本規劃確定的區域發(fā)展戰略任務(wù),制定實(shí)施一批國家級區域規劃實(shí)施方案。加強地方規劃對本規劃提出的發(fā)展戰略、主要目標、重點(diǎn)任務(wù)、重大工程項目的貫徹落實(shí)。

We will make better use of the strategic guiding role of national development plans, and strengthen the support of spatial, special, and regional plans for the implementation of this Plan. In accordance with the requirements and key tasks for territorial space development and protection set out in this Plan, we will formulate and implement a national territorial space plan to provide territorial space support for the implementation of major strategic tasks. Focusing on the strategic priorities and main tasks specified in this Plan, we will formulate and implement several national key special plans in the fields of scientific and technological innovation, digital economy, ecology, and people’s wellbeing, and draw up and refine the timetable and roadmap for the fulfillment of the development tasks. According to the strategic tasks for regional development, as specified in this Plan, we will formulate and implement a number of plans for the implementation of national-level regional development plans, and ensure that the development strategy, main objectives, key tasks, and major projects proposed in this Plan are well embodied in local plans.

第二節 加強規劃銜接協(xié)調

II. Better planning coordination

健全目錄清單、編制備案、銜接協(xié)調等規劃管理制度,制定“十四五”國家級專(zhuān)項規劃等目錄清單,依托國家規劃綜合管理信息平臺推進(jìn)規劃備案,將各類(lèi)規劃納入統一管理。建立健全規劃銜接協(xié)調機制,報請黨中央、國務(wù)院批準的規劃及省級發(fā)展規劃報批前須與本規劃進(jìn)行銜接,確保國家級空間規劃、專(zhuān)項規劃、區域規劃等各級各類(lèi)規劃與本規劃在主要目標、發(fā)展方向、總體布局、重大政策、重大工程、風(fēng)險防控等方面協(xié)調一致。

We will improve the planning management systems for lists and catalogs, and record compilation and coordination. We will formulate the lists and catalogs of national special plans during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, promote the filing of plans by relying on the National Comprehensive Planning Management Information Platform, and bring all kinds of plans under unified management. We will establish a sound plan coordination mechanism. The plans to be submitted to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and provincial development plans must be coordinated with this Plan before being submitted for approval, to ensure that the national spatial plans, special plans, regional plans, and other plans at all levels are consistent with this Plan in terms of main objectives, course of development, overall agenda, major policies, key projects, risk control, etc.

第六十五章 完善規劃實(shí)施機制

Chapter 65 Mechanisms for Implementing This Plan

加強對本規劃實(shí)施的組織、協(xié)調和督導,建立健全規劃實(shí)施監測評估、政策保障、考核監督機制。

Implementation of this Plan requires organization, coordination, and oversight. Effective mechanisms are called for to monitor, evaluate, and oversee the implementation of the Plan, in addition to providing policy support. 

第一節 落實(shí)規劃實(shí)施責任

I. Responsibilities for implementing this Plan

各地區、各部門(mén)要根據職責分工,制定本規劃涉及本地區、本部門(mén)的主要目標任務(wù)實(shí)施方案。本規劃確定的約束性指標、重大工程項目和公共服務(wù)、生態(tài)環(huán)保、安全保障等領(lǐng)域任務(wù),要明確責任主體和進(jìn)度要求,合理配置公共資源,引導調控社會(huì )資源,確保如期完成。本規劃提出的預期性指標和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、結構調整等領(lǐng)域任務(wù),主要依靠發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)主體作用實(shí)現,各級政府要創(chuàng )造良好的政策環(huán)境、體制環(huán)境和法治環(huán)境。年度計劃要貫徹本規劃提出的發(fā)展目標和重點(diǎn)任務(wù),將本規劃確定的主要指標分解納入年度計劃指標體系,設置年度目標并做好年度間綜合平衡,合理確定年度工作重點(diǎn)。

All regions and departments will, according to the division of functions and duties, formulate implementation plans for the main objectives and tasks involving their respective regions or departments in this Plan. For binding targets, major projects, and tasks in the fields of public services, environmental protection and security as specified in this Plan, we will clearly define the primary responsibility entities and schedule requirements, properly allocate public resources, and channel private sector resources, to ensure the tasks are completed as scheduled. The anticipatory targets and tasks in the fields of industrial development and structural adjustment as proposed in this Plan will be fulfilled primarily by giving play to the role of market entities, while governments at all levels should create an enabling policy environment with proper institutions and the rule of law in place. The annual plans should incorporate the development objectives and key tasks proposed in this Plan by breaking down the key targets set out in this Plan, and include well-balanced annual objectives as well as annual priorities.

第二節 加強規劃實(shí)施監測評估

II. Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the Plan

開(kāi)展規劃實(shí)施情況動(dòng)態(tài)監測、中期評估和總結評估,中期評估和總結評估情況按程序提請中央政治局常委會(huì )審議,并依法向全國人民代表大會(huì )常務(wù)委員會(huì )報告規劃實(shí)施情況,自覺(jué)接受人大監督。發(fā)揮國家監察機關(guān)和審計機關(guān)對推進(jìn)規劃實(shí)施的監督作用。規劃實(shí)施情況納入各有關(guān)部門(mén)、地方領(lǐng)導班子和干部評價(jià)體系,作為改進(jìn)政府工作的重要依據。需要對本規劃進(jìn)行調整時(shí),由國務(wù)院提出調整方案,報全國人民代表大會(huì )常務(wù)委員會(huì )批準。

We will carry out dynamic monitoring, mid-stage evaluation, and final evaluation of plan implementation. The results of mid-stage and final evaluation will be submitted to the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee for deliberation in accordance with the procedures, and the plan’s implementation will be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) in accordance with the law, as part of the NPC’s supervisory job. The central supervisory and audit authorities will play their supervisory role to promote the implementation of this Plan. The performance in plan implementation will be considered in the assessment of relevant departments, local leadership bodies, and officials, and will serve as an important measure of improvement in the work of the government. If it is necessary to adjust the plan, the State Council should prepare an adjustment plan and submit it to the Standing Committee of the NPC for approval.

第三節 強化政策協(xié)同保障

III. Policy coordination and support 

堅持規劃定方向、財政作保障、金融為支撐、其他政策相協(xié)調,著(zhù)力構建規劃與宏觀(guān)政策協(xié)調聯(lián)動(dòng)機制。按照本規劃目標任務(wù)、結合經(jīng)濟發(fā)展形勢,合理確定宏觀(guān)政策取向。堅持公共財政服從和服務(wù)于公共政策,增強國家重大戰略任務(wù)財力保障,加強中期財政規劃和年度預算、政府投資計劃與本規劃實(shí)施的銜接協(xié)調,中央財政性資金優(yōu)先投向本規劃確定的重大任務(wù)和重大工程項目。堅持項目跟著(zhù)規劃走、資金和要素跟著(zhù)項目走,依據本規劃制定重大工程項目清單,對清單內工程項目簡(jiǎn)化審批核準程序,優(yōu)先保障規劃選址、土地供應和資金需求,單體重大工程項目用地需求由國家統一保障。

We will work to build a mechanism for coordination between this Plan and macro policies by following the directions set in this Plan, with the support of fiscal financial and other policies. The orientation of macro policies will be reasonably determined in accordance with the objectives and tasks specified in this Plan and in light of economic development. Public finance will be subordinate to and serve public policies, to strengthen the funding support for major national strategic tasks. The medium-term financial plans, annual budgets, and government investment plans will be better coordinated with the implementation of this Plan. The central government’s funding will be preferentially channeled into the major tasks and projects proposed in this Plan. The projects should be carried out according to the plan, and the funds and factors of production should be provided for the projects. Based on the list of major projects provided in this Plan, the approval procedures for the projects in the list should be streamlined, and site selection, land supply, and funding support for these projects should be prioritized. The land demand of each major project will be addressed by the central government.

第四節 加快發(fā)展規劃立法

IV. Legislation for development planning

堅持依法制定規劃、依法實(shí)施規劃的原則,將黨中央、國務(wù)院關(guān)于統一規劃體系建設和國家發(fā)展規劃的規定、要求和行之有效的經(jīng)驗做法以法律形式固定下來(lái),加快出臺發(fā)展規劃法,強化規劃編制實(shí)施的法治保障。

The provisions, requirements and proven experience and practices of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on developing unified planning systems and national development planning will be crystalized in the form of law by following the principle of formulating and implementing plans according to law. We will adopt the development planning law at a faster pace to strengthen the legal support for plan formulation and implementation.